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1.
Effect of Secondary Salinization on Photosynthesis in Fodder Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of secondary salinization on photosynthesis was studied in fodder oat genotypes Kent, JHO-829, JHO-881, UPO-94 and OS-6 at the flower initiation stage. With an increase in the electrical conductivity (EC) of irrigation water, the net photosynthesis rate (PN ) and the transpiration rate (E) of all the genotypes decreased. The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased in all genotypes at 10 dS m−1. Stomatal resistance (Rs ) had a strong negative correlation with PN and E. The increase in Ci together with the increase in the Rs shows that at higher EC non-stomatal factors also start contributing to the limitation of photosynthesis. This study suggests that secondary salinization effects are strongly under stomatal control at lower saline water irrigation levels, but at higher levels non-stomatal factors may come into play. 相似文献
2.
The relationship between leaf nitrogen content (N) versus photosynthetic rate (PN) and other associated parameters was examined in Brassica juncea , cv. Pusa Bold and B campestris , cv. Pusa Kalyani. Leaf N, specific leaf weight (SLW), leaf area and PN were significantly higher in B. juncea , while the chlorophyll content was significantly lower compared to Brassica campestris. A significant positive correlation was obtained between leaf N content and photosynthetic rate in both species. Similarly, SLW was also positively related with leaf N content, Brassica juncea showed higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than B campestris. Leaf N and PNUE were negatively associated. This was attributed to a low investment of N in photosynthesis related reactions and/or partitioning of N towards compounds functionally unrelated to photosynthesis. This attribution is further supported by the negative relationship obtained between SLW and PNUE. 相似文献
3.
热带水稻光合特性及氮素光合效率的差异研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在国际水稻研究所（IRRI）农场试验条件下,选用6个不同的热带水稻材料,其中包括2个常规籼稻、2个杂交籼稻和2个新株型稻（NPT）,研究氮肥农学利用率（AE）和氮素光合效率（PNUE）及其相关叶片参数的基因型差异,并探讨了它们之间的关系。结果表明,新株型稻的净光合速率(Pn)大于常规籼稻,杂交籼稻居中。各基因型间的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和Ci/Gs的差异趋势不同。不同基因型叶片的氮浓度（N%）和比叶重（SLW）存在一定的差异。常规籼稻的单位叶绿素的净光合速率（Pn/Chl）较NPT低,杂交籼稻为中间类型;叶片净光合速率和单位面积含氮量（Na）之间存在显著的正相关;本研究所选用的热带杂交籼稻的PFP（氮肥偏生产力）和AE比新株型稻和常规籼稻高,两者最低的均为常规籼稻。氮素光合效率与AE间存在显著正相关,表明后期的氮素光合效率对氮肥利用率具有一定的指示和预测作用,这对于判断水稻品种氮肥利用率将具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
4.
为了明确谷子各器官干物质量分配情况及其与产量的关系,本研究以6个比较有代表性的品种为研究对象,对其单株干物质量、收获指数、各器官干物质分配情况和产量的差异进行了比较研究。结果显示:不同品种谷子各器官干物质量分配规律基本一致,即穗比例>茎比例>叶比例>叶鞘比例抑根比例。杂交种‘长杂谷466’(CZ466)收获指数、单穗重和产量均是最大,株高较低;常规种‘长生13’(CS13)株高最低,产量及收获指数较高。所有品种谷子穗干物质量与单株总干物质量均显著正相关;叶鞘干物质量与穗干物质量均呈显著正相关。综上表明CZ466和CS13是2个产量高、株高矮、收获指数高的优良品种;推断谷子叶鞘和单株总干物质量与产量有较密切的相关性,其他器官干物质量与产量的相关性因品种而异。 相似文献
5.
籼、粳超级稻光合物质生产与转运特征的差异研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为阐明籼、粳超级稻干物质积累及光合生产特征的差异,以江苏地区大面积推广种植的5个超级杂交籼稻组合和5个常规粳型超级稻品种为试验材料,对稻麦两熟制条件下籼、粳超级稻干物质积累、分配、运转及叶面积、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率、秧苗素质、叶型等方面进行了系统的比较研究。结果表明,粳稻生育前期(移栽至拔节期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及上三叶叶长、叶基角、叶开角、披垂度和叶面积衰减率、收获指数均小于籼稻,而生育中后期(拔节至成熟期)干物质积累量、光合势、群体生长率、净同化率及有效叶面积率、高效叶面积率、粒叶比(颖花/叶、实粒/叶、粒重/叶)、最大叶面积指数、总充实量、实收产量、生物产量、茎鞘最大输出量和表观输出量及比率均大于籼稻,差异显著或极显著。虽然粳稻主要生育期单茎干物重均不及籼稻,但群体数量优势保证粳稻具有较高的群体干物质积累量和叶面积,且随着生长发育的持续,群体光合物质生产优势不断加大,群体干物质积累量于抽穗后25 d前后超过籼稻。粳稻灌浆后期(乳熟至成熟期)仍保持强劲生长优势,而灌浆初期(抽穗至乳熟期)茎鞘贮存物质合理输出,有效保障了高效光合层的安全支撑及高积累产量库的流畅充实。高生物学产量的稳定形成和叶面积“稳升缓降”态势以及拔节至成熟期较强的高效光合物质生产,是粳稻光合系统高效持续产出、灌浆充实多及高产形成的重要特征和原因。 相似文献
6.
Field studies were conducted during the winter seasons of 1995–96 and 1996–97 at the Agricultural Farm of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India on mustard ( Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss., var. Alankar) under non-irrigated conditions, to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of 200 p.p.m. ethrel (2-chloroethyl phosphonic acid) at flowering growth stage along with basal 0, 40, 80 or 120 kg N ha−1 on net photosynthetic rate (PN ), stomatal conductance (CS ), stomatal resistance (RS ), leaf K content, relative water content (RWC), leaf area index (LAI) and total dry matter (TDM) production monitored at 20 days after spray application, and plant N content, seed N content, nitrogen harvest index (NHI), nitrogen yield merit (NYM), pods plant−1 , 1000 seed weight, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index (HI), seed yield merit (SYM) and merit of genotype (MOG) at harvest. Results indicated that, at 0 or 40 kg N ha−1 , ethrel did not produce any significance effect, but at basal 80 kg N ha−1 , ethrel affected the parameters favourably with the exception of 1000 seed weight, HI, seed N and NHI. Ethrel-sprayed plants utilized N from the soil more effectively and showed increased NYM. Yield attributes, seed yield and merit of genotype (in terms of NYM and SYM) were also enhanced. Ethrel spray enhanced seed yield under water stress conditions mainly by increasing K uptake and retaining higher RWC, thereby decreasing RS and increasing LAI, PN and TDM production. 相似文献
7.
苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究以高粱吉杂305和吉杂127为试验材料,研究苗期和灌浆期干旱-复水过程对高粱光合特性和物质生产的影响。结果表明,在苗期和灌浆期干旱胁迫下,2个高粱品种的光合作用受到了明显的抑制,其中净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）、光化学淬灭系数（qP）、电子传递效率（ETR）和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）均出现了不同程度的下降,且吉杂305降幅低于吉杂127,而干旱使初始荧光（Fo）升高,且吉杂127升高幅度较大。2个时期干旱-复水后,吉杂305光合指标均有所恢复且与对照比较差异不显著,而吉杂127恢复程度有限,除苗期Pn、Ci,灌浆期Gs等指标外,其余光合指标与对照比较差异显著。经历2个时期干旱-复水导致高粱各器官的干物质量、单株子粒产量、单株生物产量和收获指数降低,吉杂127各产量指标的降幅均高于吉杂305,抗旱指数较低。 相似文献
8.
B. H. Niazi J. Rozema R. A. Broekman M. Salim 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,184(2):101-110
A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions with two subspecies of beet, fodderbeet ( Beta vulgaris cv. Majoral) and seabeet ( Beta maritima ), under saline conditions. Growth and physiological parameters (dry weight, leaf area, water relations and net photosynthesis) were recorded. The two subspecies responded differently in terms of growth parameters. Plant growth was significantly reduced at 400 m m NaCl, while no significant growth reduction occurred at 200 m m NaCl. Fairly high values of relative growth rate were associated with the leaf area of the cultivars. The water content of the shoot decreased with plant age. The fodderbeet cultivar Majoral showed a significant increase in dry matter at 200 m m NaCl after 5 weeks. This growth improvement may be related to the better adaptation of the plants under saline conditions. 相似文献
9.
P. Ramesh 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2000,185(2):83-89
A field experiment was conducted at Coimbatore (11° N, 77° E), India during the 1996 and 1997 crop seasons, using four commercial sugarcane varieties (Co 8021, Co 419, Co 8208 and Co 6304), to study the effect of three levels of drought (severe, moderate and control) during the formative phase (60–150 days after planting) on growth determinants and their relationship with dry matter accumulation. The reduction in dry matter content was 60.8, 52.4 and 25.9 % in severe drought and 46.3, 36.3 and 15.1 % in moderate drought at the ends of the formative, grand growth and maturity phases, respectively. High net assimilation rate, optimum leaf area index, high crop growth rate and an early shift in dry matter allocation to the stem were found to be desirable for higher biomass production, especially under water‐limited drought conditions. Measurement of growth parameters such as net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, leaf area index and leaf area duration under drought and crop growth rate and stalk elongation rate under normal irrigated conditions, particularly during the formative phase, might help to predict total dry matter at harvest. Leaf area ratio was not found to correlate with total dry matter at harvest in either drought or normal irrigated conditions. 相似文献
10.
Improved water use efficiency (WUE, the ratio of dry matter produced to water used) can potentially result in yield improvement
in water-limited environments. Genetic variation in WUE can be exploited by carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) in C3 species. In order to improve WUE and its associated traits, it is necessary to understand the genetic systems controlling
the expression of these traits. A full diallel analysis carried out on five inbred lines selected from a previous field experiment
revealed that Δ, WUE and specific leaf weight (SLW, the ratio of leaf dry weight to leaf area) had high narrow-sense heritability
(Hn, the ratio of additive variance to phenotypic variance) and were controlled largely by additive gene effects indicating that
these traits can be improved by selection in early generations. In contrast, maternal effects had a large influence on phenotypic
expressions of total dry matter yield, total water use, chlorophyll content and leaf area suggesting the important role of
selection of female parent for improvement of these traits. The parental line R49 was found to be the best general combiner
for all of the traits. Genetic variation in SLW was strongly associated with Δ (R
2 =0.49, P < 0.01). This implies that SLW could be used as an inexpensive alternative measure for Δ to assess genotypes during the early
phases of breeding programmes. 相似文献
11.
冬小麦灌浆期光合参数及产量对土壤高湿和干旱变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究土壤湿度变化对冬小麦光合参数和产量变化的影响机制,在防雨棚人工控制灌水,设置土壤高湿、中度干旱、重旱、对照4个处理的田间冬小麦试验,研究土壤水分变化对灌浆期冬小麦光合参数及产量的影响。结果表明：冬小麦灌浆期叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度随土壤水分降低而降低。重旱处理冬小麦叶片胞间CO2浓度与对照相近,引起光合作用下降的主要原因是非气孔因素限制。土壤高湿冬小麦叶片有效利用光强区间拉大,而土壤干旱胁迫叶片有效利用光强的区间缩小,土壤高湿和干旱胁迫叶片夜间呼吸作用都提高,干旱逆境胁迫白天光合作用受限减弱,夜间呼吸作用增强,消耗营养增多,“一减一增”是其籽粒瘪秕,产量低的生理原因。土壤高湿和干旱影响冬小麦灌浆期籽粒干物质输送、积累的源库匹配。高湿处理叶片的绿色器官光合产物输送籽粒占主导,开花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率变小;干旱逆境胁迫下,叶片等绿色器官光合产物少,输送籽粒干物质减少,但花前营养器官干物质转运、贡献率相对增大;收获指数土壤高湿和对照基本相近,干旱处理较对照明显偏小。 相似文献
12.
覆膜直播与常规手栽种植方式对水稻光合物质生产特征的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探讨水稻在覆膜直播和常规手栽2种不同种植方式下干物质以及光合生产特征,以早熟型杂交籼稻安优136、香早优2017,迟熟型杂交籼稻金优785、Ⅱ优838这2种类型4个水稻品种为试验材料,对覆膜直播湿润栽培和常规手栽水作栽培2种种植模式下水稻的干物质积累、转运、分配及叶面积、群体生长率、光合势、净同化率等方面进行了比较试验。结果显示:在2种不同种植方式下主要生育期(孕穗期、抽穗期、蜡熟期、成熟期)单株茎干物质量、群体干物质量,以及各主要生育阶段群体干物质积累量,单株叶、茎、鞘干物质的表观输出量、输出率、转化率均表现为覆膜直播高于常规手栽。迟熟型品种的干物质量和群体干物质积累量占成熟期总干物质积累量的比例都略高于早熟型品种。叶、鞘干物质比例在孕穗期达到最大值,成熟期降为最低;茎干物质比例在抽穗期达到最高,蜡熟期降为最低,之后又会出现一个短暂的回升,所以茎干物质表观输出量、输出率以及转化率都表现为负值。2种不同种植方式下,在光合生产上,叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率都表现为覆膜直播比常规手栽高,由于覆膜直播后期灌浆速度较快,造成衰减率也同样表现为覆膜直播略高于常规手栽。说明不同种植方式下水稻干物质和光合生产均有各自的特征。 相似文献
13.
5-氨基乙酰丙酸和乙烯利复配剂对东北春玉米光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以中单909为材料,设置5-氨基乙酰丙酸（5-ALA）和乙烯利（ETH）不同浓度复配组合,于拔节期（V6）进行叶面喷施。研究5-ALA—ETH复配剂对缓解东北春玉米生育期内低温冷害、提高叶片光合作用、增加干物质积累、保障春玉米稳产增产的技术机理。结果表明,22.50g/hm 2 5-ALA配合450mL/hm 2 ETH处理（A2E1）可显著提高玉米产量,比对照提高4.8%。该处理下玉米生育期内功能叶净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）和蒸腾速率（Tr）比对照平均分别提高2.7%、3.6%、2.2%和1.4%,且在灌浆期比对照分别提高3.2%、15.7%、8.2%和3.6%。此外,A2E1处理玉米收获期（R6）相对绿叶面积增加16.9%,全生育期内功能叶SPAD值和地上部分干物质积累量比对照平均分别增加2.9%和8.6%。因此,5-ALA—ETH（22.50g/hm 2—450mL/hm 2）复配剂能够有效改善东北春玉米灌浆期光合特性,提高该区域春玉米生育中后期抗耐低温冷害的能力,对保障该区域春玉米的高产稳产具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
昼夜温差对番茄幼苗光合特性和物质积累的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了深入了解昼夜温差对番茄幼苗光合作用影响的机理,试验利用微电脑人工气候箱,在昼夜平均温度20℃的情况下,研究了昼/夜为20℃/20℃、23℃/17℃、26℃/14℃这3个不同温差(0,6,12℃)对番茄幼苗光合生理特性和物质积累的影响。结果表明,26℃/14℃处理比20℃/20℃处理可增加番茄幼苗单叶面积30.3%～47.1%,提高叶片净光合速率87.5%～126.6%,增加番茄幼苗干物质48.8%～55.7%;同时,显著增加了气孔导度和气孔限制值,显著降低了胞间CO2浓度;23℃/17℃处理也可以一定程度上增加幼苗的净光合速率和物质积累。昼夜平均温度20℃时,适当加大昼夜温差,能显著降低光合作用的非气孔因素限制,促进光合作用;并能增加单叶面积和单位面积叶绿素含量,增加番茄幼苗的物质积累。 相似文献
15.
吐丝期干旱胁迫对玉米生理特性和物质生产的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以玉米品种郑单958 (抗旱性强)和陕单902 (抗旱性弱)为材料,采用抗旱池栽控水试验,研究了叶片光合特性、保护酶活性以及干物质转运对吐丝期干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明,在吐丝期干旱胁迫下2个品种产量分别降低39.10%和44.87%;叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)显著下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先升后降。PSII最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、实际量子产额(ΦPSII)、光化学猝灭(qP)降低,非光化学猝灭(qN)升高;抗氧化酶(SOD、POD和CAT)活性先升高后降低,而丙二醛(MDA)含量一直升高。说明吐丝期干旱胁迫增加了花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量(率)及其对籽粒转运的贡献率;但郑单958受干旱影响程度小于陕单902。说明抗旱品种郑单958具高抗氧化酶活性清除活性氧,使得膜脂过氧化程度轻,维持较高的光化学效率,延长叶片光合功能期,促进花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量对籽粒的贡献率。这可能是其在干旱胁迫下仍能获得较高产量的重要原因之一。 相似文献
16.
高产高油花生品种的光合与物质生产特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以冀花2号、冀花4号和鲁花12号为材料,连续测定干物质、荚果产量、含油量及叶片光合指标,定量分析高产高油花生品种冀花4号物质生产指标的动态特征和叶片光合性能,为解析花生高产高油形成机制和优质高效栽培提供依据。结果表明,荚果产量和籽仁含油量均以冀花4号最高。干物质平均积累速率和最大积累速率均以冀花4号冀花2号鲁花12号,且冀花4号干物质积累潜力适中;籽仁油分最大积累速率和平均积累速率均以冀花4号鲁花12号冀花2号,籽仁油分积累活跃期以冀花4号最短。冀花4号全生育期的光合势显著高于冀花2号和鲁花12号,分别高20%以上,产量形成期的光合势占全生育期的80%,冀花4号结荚期光合速率比冀花2号和鲁花12号均高24%以上;光饱和点和CO_2饱和点均为冀花4号最高。荚果产量与干物质平均积累速率、叶片光合速率和总光合势呈极显著正相关;籽仁含油量与单株干物质积累速率、籽仁油分平均积累速率、光饱和点、CO_2饱和点、经济系数、出仁率等显著或极显著相关;荚果产量与含油量极显著正相关。冀花4号具有较高的经济系数、总光合势及结荚期后分配比例、光合速率、光饱和点和CO_2饱和点,以及相对较高的干物质和油分积累平均速率,是其较冀花2号和鲁花12号高产高油的重要原因。 相似文献
17.
为明确冬小麦冬前光合性能的动态变化及其影响因素,为通过栽培措施调控培育冬前壮苗提供研究依据,用光合测定仪在田间条件下对每公顷产量9t左右的超高产冬小麦冬前叶片的光合性能进行了初步研究。结果表明：4个冬小麦品种不同叶位叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(TR)和气孔导度(gs)的变化趋势相似,都是在测定始期或稍后出现最高值,之后逐渐下降,并受到冬前初次剧烈降温的影响而骤降至低谷,之后又有所回升。不同叶位个光合参数的回升幅度有所不同,高位叶的Pn较低位叶回升明显,而低位叶的TR和gs较高位叶回升明显。Pn,TR和gs与有关生态条件的相对变化方向及相关分析表明,冬前叶片Pn和gs受气温和光合有效辐射(PAR)的双重影响,而TR主要受气温的影响。不同叶位之间,叶片光合性能的综合能表现为第3叶>第1叶>第2叶>第4叶,它们之间的差异主要由叶面积不同产生。 相似文献
18.
为探究化学调控技术对糜子叶片光合特性和产量的调控效果,以糜子品种粘丰5号和齐黍1号为试验材料,采用大田试验,设置播种前1mg/L烯效唑（S3307）和50mg/L胺鲜酯（DTA-6）浸种2个处理,以清水浸种为对照（CK）,测定不同生育时期糜子的光合特性、干物质积累、农艺性状及产量构成因素等指标。结果表明,与CK相比,S3307和DTA-6浸种均可提高糜子拔节期和灌浆初期叶片叶绿素相对含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率;S3307和DTA-6均可增加糜子茎粗,降低株高。S3307可提高灌浆盛期2个糜子品种茎干重、叶干重和穗干重,DTA-6对灌浆盛期糜子叶干重和穗干重有增加作用;S3307可提高2个糜子品种穗粒数;DTA-6增加了粘丰5号有效穗数,提高了齐黍1号穗粒数和千粒重。S3307和DTA-6处理下粘丰5号分别较CK增产11.05%和5.43%,齐黍1号分别较CK增产5.73%和16.24%。因此,S3307对粘丰5号、DTA-6对齐黍1号作用效果更好,增产率最高。 相似文献
19.
2种栽培模式下五味子光合特性的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了给北五味子栽培提供科学参考,研究了2种栽培模式下的北五味子叶片净光合速率日变化以及环境因子对其的影响效应。利用CI-340型光合作用测定系统,测定了北五味子叶片净光合速率和环境因子的日变化,考察了环境因子对净光合速率日变化的影响。结果表明与人工栽培模式相比,仿生态栽培模式的光饱和点(LSP)、光补偿点(LCP)、CO2饱和点(CSP)、CO2补偿点(CCP)和比叶重(SLM)呈下降趋势,而表观量子效率(AQY)和Chla/b呈上升趋势。此外,人工栽培模式下五味子存在“光合午休”现象,仿生态栽培模式则没有。仿生态栽培模式下的五味子表现出较强的光合适应性。影响2种栽培模式的北五味子叶片光合作用的主要环境因子是光照强度(PAR)、环境CO2浓度(Ci)、叶面温度(Tleaf)及空气相对湿度(RHin)。 相似文献
20.
Three cotton genotypes (varying in their final seed size), viz. H-6 and H-4 ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) and V-797 ( Gossypium herbaceum L.) were studied for their growth kinetics of seed and fibre. Both biphasic linear and polynomial models were used to demark different phases of cotton seed growth. The polynomial model appeared to be appropriate to define the growth phases of cotton seed as compared to the linear model. The rate and the duration of dry matter accumulation were obtained by differentiating the best-fit polynomial equations. Based on the data of dry weight and water content, cotton seed development is divided into four different phases, viz. (a) cell division, (b) cell elongation, (c) dry matter accumulation and (d) maturation. The rate of dry matter accumulation showed a close correlation with water content of seed as well as of the fibre, in all three genotypes studied. It is proposed that water content of seed or fibre plays an important role in determining dry weight of three genotypes. 相似文献