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通过Y型嗅觉仪比较了7类14个不同品种的柑橘对柑橘粉虱引诱力的差异,采用顶空固相微萃取和气质联用(GC-MS)分析其中3个品种柑橘叶片挥发物成分,并测定柑橘粉虱对其中的10种挥发物单体标样在10-2、10-4、10-6、10-8g/mL浓度下的行为学反应,以期明确植物挥发物在柑橘粉虱寄主定位中的作用。结果显示,供试的14个柑橘品种中南丰蜜橘对柑橘粉虱引诱作用最强,HB柚最弱。被检测出的37种挥发物单体中的主要成分是烃类、醇类化合物,被测3个品种共有的挥发物有9种。在被测的10种挥发物单体中,引诱作用最强的是浓度为10-8g/mL的γ-松油烯和浓度为10-4g/mL的R-(+)-柠檬烯。研究表明,柑橘叶片中的挥发性气味对柑橘粉虱的寄主选择有重要影响,而且挥发性气味的化合物组成及其相对浓度影响其引诱效果。 相似文献
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甘薯粉虱又称棉粉虱、烟粉虱Bemisa tabaci(Gennadius)。它有以下几种危害植物的方式:直接取食危害;产生蜜露而导致霉菌生长;传播黄斑病毒(yield—limiting Virus)。这些危害作用使该害虫可能成为农业生产中重要害虫之一。 相似文献
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琯溪蜜柚柑桔粉虱是同翅目粉虱科害虫,学名为柑桔粉虱,又称桔黄粉虱,桔绿粉虱,通草粉虱,是一种群体杂食性害虫,传播快易暴发为害.1998年在平和县小溪新桥村个别柚园发生为害,1999年扩大到附近6个村,2000年在小溪、山格、文峰、坂仔、南胜、霞寨等乡(镇)发生,8～9月局部暴发为害.2001年3月小溪普遍发生为害,5-8月份全县暴发,2002年全县大发生.柑桔粉虱为害后诱发煤烟病,造成叶片卷缩、枝叶枯死,严重影响蜜柚生产.针对害虫发生为害特点,经过几年试验、示范总结出一套综合防治技术措施. 相似文献
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桔刺粉虱(Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quani-tance)属同翅目(Homoptera)粉虱科(Aleyrodidaeo),在我国南方地区均有分布,为害柑桔、茶树、枇杷、龙眼、柿、葡萄、蔷蔽、玫瑰等数十种植物.在柑桔上,桔刺粉虱过去为害较轻,属于次要害虫.但自90年代以来,在广东省广州、东莞、博罗、普宁等柑桔主产区,以及湖南、江西等部分地区严重发生,已成为柑桔的主要害虫,给柑桔生产带来严重威胁.据调查,该虫1993年在广东柑桔上发生为害面积达1.5万公顷、在茶树上发生为害约0.3万公顷.现将桔刺粉虱的发生为害情况、生活习性、发生规律及防治措施综述如下. 相似文献
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粉虱是世界上一类重要的害虫,随着化学杀虫剂的连续使用,其抗药性也日益严重。本文对粉虱类害虫的抗药性监测、机理及风险评估方法进行了综述,旨在对粉虱抗药性工作能提供一定的帮助。 相似文献
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利用粉虱座壳孢,以喷菌法防治油茶黑刺粉虱,结果表明：以(1±0.5)×106个/mL 的孢悬液进行喷菌,1个月后,茶黑刺粉虱感染率73.47%,防治效果为71.76%,3个月后,感染率66.63%,防治效果为58.56%,1年后,还有32.16%的持续防治效果,该种防治方法在生产中有应用前景。 相似文献
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57种南药植物粗提物对螺旋粉虱杀虫活性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测试了57种南药植物粗提物对螺旋粉虱成虫的杀虫活性.结果表明,在5 mg/mL浓度下,57种南药植物粗提物对螺旋粉虱成虫表现出较好的触杀活性.其中长春花、艾纳香、刺篱木、薄荷、广藿香、曼陀罗6种南药植物粗提物对成虫的触杀活性在60％以上,活性最好的是长春花粗提物,对成虫的触杀活性为67.3％.毒力测定结果表明:薄荷粗提物对成虫的EC50值最小,为3.308 9 mg/mL.因此薄荷对螺旋粉虱表现出较好的抑制活性,具有进一步研究开发的价值. 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Greenhouse whiteflies, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), are notorious pests that, through the reduction of crop yields and excretion of honeydew, cause significant economic losses for sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) growers. Chemical and biological controls are the two most common forms of whitefly management in greenhouses. Consequently, insecticide resistance and inadequate control have rejuvenated interest in alternative tactics. In the present study, whitefly responses to trap crops (eggplant and squash) and yellow sticky traps were compared in order to identify the most effective traps for dispersing and resident adults. RESULTS: Results indicated that yellow sticky traps were most effective at trapping adult whiteflies. Significantly more dispersing whiteflies were recorded on eggplant than on squash trap crops. None of the traps significantly reduced adult populations on the main crops (peppers) compared with the control. However, yellow sticky traps did significantly reduce oviposition on peppers. CONCLUSIONS: Adult whiteflies were most effectively trapped on yellow sticky traps followed by eggplant trap crops. Further study of whitefly trapping using visual cues may enhance trapping management. Specifically, research combining yellow sticky traps with other control strategies is recommended. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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B型烟粉虱近20年来入侵许多国家和地区,已成为重要的世界性作物害虫,其主要危害方式之一是传播双生病毒,造成作物病毒病大发生.应用PCR技术,研究了入侵我国的B型烟粉虱个体获取、存留及传播烟草曲茎病毒（Tobacco curly shoot virus,TbCSV）的能力.B型烟粉虱在感染TbCSV的普通烟毒株上饲毒30 min时,就可在40%的个体内检测到TbCSV DNA,个体带毒率随饲毒时间延长而增加,饲毒12 h后,带毒率达100%;TbCSV DNA在B型烟粉虱体内可存留10天左右,但不能终身存留;传毒处理植株的发病症状及PCR检测结果表明,B型烟粉虱是TbCSV的传播媒介. 相似文献
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Pyriproxyfen, a novel juvenile hormone mimic, is a potent suppressor of embryogenesis and adult formation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Dipping of cotton or tomato seedlings infested with 0 to 1-day-old eggs in 0.1 mg litre?1 resulted in over 90% suppression of egg hatch of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Older eggs were affected to a lesser extent. Exposure of whitefly females to cotton or tomato seedlings treated with pyriproxyfen resulted in oviposition of non-viable eggs. The LC90 values for egg viability of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum exposed to treated plants were 0.05 and 0.2 mg litre?1, respectively. Treatment of whitefly larvae with 0.04–5 mg litre?1 resulted in normal development until the pupal stage; however, adult emergence was totally suppressed. Second instars of B. tabaci exposed to 5 mg litre?1 pyriproxyfen, excreted honeydew at a level similar to the control level until the fourth instar (pupation), after which a strong reduction was observed. Inhibition of egg-hatch on the lower surface of cotton leaves was observed when their upper surface was treated with 1–25 mg litre?1, indicating a pronounced translaminar effect. These findings indicate that pyriproxyfen is an efficient control agent of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. The compound has been used successfully for controlling whiteflies in Israeli cotton fields since 1991. Adults of B. tabaci collected from a rose greenhouse and from adjacent cotton fields were monitored during 1991–1993 for their susceptibility to pyriproxyfen. A high level of resistance was recorded in whiteflies collected from a greenhouse after three successive applications of pyriproxyfen. Based on LC50 values, the resistance ratio for egg-hatch suppression was 554-fold and, for adult emergence failure, 10-fold. However, a single treatment of pyriproxyfen in cotton fields during the summer season (according to an insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy) did not alter appreciably the susceptibility of B. tabaci to this compound. In order to prevent development of resistance, an attempt should be made to restrict its use to one treatment per crop season applied during the peak activity of the pest. Pyriproxyfen can be alternated with other novel compounds such as buprofezin and diafenthiuron for controlling whiteflies in cotton, vegetables and ornamentals as part of integrated pest management (IPM) and IRM strategies. In pyriproxyfen- or buprofezin-resistant strains of B. tabaci or T. vaporariorum, no appreciable cross-resistance was observed among pyriproxyfen, buprofezin and diafenthiuron. 相似文献
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A whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) resistance crisis climaxed in 1995 in Arizona cotton and prompted the development of an integrated resistance management strategy adapted from a program implemented in Israel in 1987. The strategy incorporated two new major elements: once-per-year use of the insect growth regulators (IGRs) pyriproxyfen and buprofezin, and measures to delay use of pyrethroids for as long into the growing season as possible. A three-stage chemical use recommendation was formulated comprising IGRs (Stage I), other non-pyrethroid insecticides (Stage II), and synergized pyrethroid insecticides (Stage III). Results from use of the strategy in the 1996 season were very promising. Insecticide use for control of whiteflies was reduced substantially. State-wide monitoring of whitefly susceptibility revealed significant reductions in resistance to synergized pyrethroids as well as increased susceptibility to amitraz. Susceptibility of Lygus bugs to key insecticides changed correspondingly with increases and decreases in whitefly resistance from 1994 through 1996. ©1997 SCI 相似文献
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Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides in Pakistan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Resistance to three organophosphate and four pyrethroid insecticides was monitored from 1992 to 2000 in field populations of adult whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci, from Pakistan using a leaf-dip method. There was generally a very high resistance to dimethoate and deltamethrin, and a moderate resistance to monocrotophos during 1992 to 1996. From 1997 to 2000, resistance to these insecticides dropped to low levels because of less reliance on them for whitefly control, and introduction of new chemistries with novel modes of action that had no cross-resistance to conventional insecticides. Concurrently, whitefly resistance to acephate, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin mostly remained low. An insecticide resistance management strategy is recommended that particularly emphasizes the rotation of still-effective insecticides from different chemical classes along with the use of novel chemicals and other tactics of integrated pest management. 相似文献
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媒介虫口密度、植株苗龄及温度对B型烟粉虱传播台湾番茄曲叶病毒的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
台湾番茄曲叶病毒(Tomato leafcurl Taiwan virus,ToLCTWV)近年来在我国部分番茄种植区流行成灾,对番茄生产造成了严重损失。作者研究了B型烟粉虱对ToLCTWV的获取、保持,并测定了虫口密度、温度及植株苗龄对其传播该病毒的影响。结果表明,B型烟粉虱在感染ToLCTWV的番茄植株上取食0.5h即可在3.3%个体内检测到ToLCTWV DNA,取食48h后,带毒率达100%;ToLCTWV DNA可在B型烟粉虱体内终生存留。B型烟粉虱是ToLCTWV的高效媒介,每株1头带毒烟粉虱取食48h,植株发病率达50%～60%;每株5头取食,发病率达到或接近100%。介体虫口密度及植株苗龄是决定苗期发病程度的重要因子,虫口密度增加,病情指数上升;苗龄增大,病情指数下降。温度对发病率有显著影响,但对病情指数影响不显著。此外,温度与苗龄的互作、虫口密度与苗龄的互作以及三因子之间的互作都对病情指数有显著影响。这些结果提示,培育无病壮苗是防治台湾番茄曲叶病毒病的关键。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT A membrane feeding system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to track squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) DNA in whole whitefly body extracts and in saliva, honeydew, and hemolymph of its whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, and a whitefly nonvector, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. SLCV ingestion was monitored by PCR in whiteflies that were given acquisition access periods (AAPs) ranging from 0.5 to 96 h on virus-infected plants. SLCV detection by PCR in whole body extracts was considered reflective of virus ingestion. As whiteflies were given longer AAPs, the number of whiteflies that ingested SLCV increased. SLCV DNA was detected in honeydew of vector and nonvector whiteflies, indicating that virions, viral DNA, or both passed unimpeded through the digestive system. SLCV DNA was detected in saliva and hemolymph of B. tabaci, but not in these fractions from nonvector whiteflies, despite virus ingestion by both. Although vector and nonvector whiteflies both ingested SLCV, only in the vector, B. tabaci, did virus cross the gut barrier, enter the hemolymph, or pass into the salivary system. These results suggest that digestive epithelia of nonvector whiteflies did not permit SLCV passage from the gut to hemocoel, whereas virus effectively crossed the analogous gut barrier in vector whiteflies. 相似文献
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P. Noël T. Hance C. Bragard 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(1):23-27
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the transmission of the Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) by the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) from tomato to tomato. In the 1:1 system (in which a single virus-contaminated plant was placed next to a healthy plant in a cage containing 469 whiteflies on average) the virus was transmitted to three out of 10 plants. In the 1:4 system (in which a virus-contaminated plant was surrounded by four healthy plants in a cage with 601 whiteflies on average) the virus was transmitted to five out of 32 plants. In order to investigate the mechanism involved in the transmission, the insect bodies were washed to determine the external presence of viral particles. The results showed that the number of PepMV particles carried on whitefly bodies was low, with an average occurrence of 1.33 on the 55 whiteflies tested after the insects were in contact with infected plants for 5 days. This low occurrence was confirmed by observation under microscope, which showed an absence of PepMV-contaminated tomato sap on the insect bodies, suggesting that PepMV transmission by whiteflies could occur when they feed on the plant. 相似文献
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正瓜类褪绿黄化病毒Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus(CCYV)属长线形病毒科(closteroviridae)毛形病毒属(crinivirus)~([1]),在世界范围内给蔬菜生产造成了严重危害,病毒侵染造成果实重量减轻10%~33%,产量减少10%~12%~([2])。CCYV不能靠摩擦接毒,只能由烟粉虱以半持久方式传播,其 相似文献
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Thiago M. Costa Alice K. Inoue-Nagata Andreza H. Vidal Simone da G. Ribeiro Tatsuya Nagata 《Plant pathology》2020,69(6):1042-1050
The severe yellowing disease (amarelão) on melon plants is a serious problem in Brazil, although the causative agent remained unknown for a long time. Recently, recombinant isolates of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) were reported as the possible causative agents of this disease on melon plants. Although aphids are known to be the vectors of the common type of CABYV isolates, almost no aphid colony was observed in the major melon fields in Brazil with high incidence of the severe yellowing disease. In contrast, whiteflies are often abundant. Based on this observation, the hypothesis of the transmission of recombinant CABYV by whiteflies was evaluated. After thorough transmission experiments, we found that this recombinant CABYV isolate was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci MEAM1, but not by Aphis gossipii. Furthermore, the host response by whitefly-based inoculation in cucurbits and other indicator plants showed differences in host range when compared to the common type of CABYV. Due to its transmissibility by the whitefly and the distant relationship of the P3/P5 protein to CABYV, the name “cucurbit whitefly-borne yellows virus” is proposed for this recombinant CABYV. This is the second report of polerovirus transmission by the whitefly B. tabaci, following the report of pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus. 相似文献