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青枯菌潜伏浸染对花生的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用青枯菌对20个花生品种进行人工接种，研究了青枯菌潜伏侵染对花生根系、根瘤数、生物产量及结实性状的影响。结果表明，青枯菌潜伏侵染对花生生长发育有普遍的抑制作用，不同花生品种对潜伏浸染的反应存在广泛差异。 相似文献
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栽培种花生对青枯菌潜伏侵染的反应 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过对国内外已鉴定出的主要抗青枯病花生种质进行人工接种和多克隆抗体检测,研究栽培花生对青枯菌潜伏侵染的反应。根据青枯菌在花生植株体内的潜伏定殖部位,将抗病花生品种划分为５个反应类型,类型间抗性水平和稳定性存在明显差异。通过分析潜伏定殖率与植株生长发育的关系,发现不同花生品种受潜伏侵染影响的程度不同,鉴定出的几个产量水平高而且受潜伏侵染影响较小材料,可以作为进一步育种的抗源亲本。 相似文献
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香蕉内生炭疽菌鉴定及致病性测定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对香蕉内生炭疽菌（Colletotrichum spp.）的分类地位和致病性测定,确认香蕉内生炭疽菌为芭蕉炭疽菌（Colletotrichum musae）,对香蕉果实具有致病性,病菌可从伤口侵入或直接侵入果皮致病,引起不同程度的果实腐烂。试验结果表明,香蕉内生炭疽菌是香蕉炭疽病的潜伏侵染菌源。 相似文献
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镰孢菌是引起大豆根腐病的常见病原菌,传统检测病原镰孢菌的方法存在操作繁琐、时间长、成本高和
效率低等缺点,建立一种快速检测方法显得尤为重要。本研究基于翻译延伸因子序列（EF-1α）建立了检测镰孢菌
（Fusarium species）的多重PCR反应体系,检测了多重PCR体系灵敏度,模拟侵染样本验证多重PCR技术的可行性。
实验结果表明,该方法能够通过扩增片段的大小区分锐顶镰孢菌（Fusarium acuminatum）、尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium
oxysporum）、茄病镰孢菌（Fusarium solani）和禾谷镰孢菌（Fusarium graminearum）。灵敏度检测显示,最低检测基因
组DNA浓度达1×10-4 ng/μL;模拟侵染样本实验表明,使用镰孢菌和大豆基因组混合样本作为模板,在DNA浓度为
100 ng/μL时仍能准确检测出目的条带。因此。以翻译延伸因子序列为靶标建立的多重PCR技术,能够灵敏、特异
性地检测出该四种镰孢菌,可在复合侵染引起大豆镰孢菌根腐病的病原菌鉴定中准确检测。 相似文献
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龙眼果实潜伏性病原真菌的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用快速、简便的果肉分离法，从健康龙眼果实中分离潜伏侵染的真菌。经形态和致病性鉴定，2个分离频率较高的潜伏侵染真菌为龙眼拟茎点霉[Phomopsis longanae Chi]和可可毛色二孢[Lasiodiplodia theobromae（Pat．）Griff．＆ Maubl．]；不同发育阶段的龙眼果实分离结果表明，龙眼拟茎点霉在花期RH可侵染，而可可毛色二孢主要在龙眼果实膨大期侵染。研究结果为制定龙眼果实采后病害综合防治策略提供依据。 相似文献
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采用聚丙烯酰胺薄层凝胶电泳技术，对５个地区潜伏侵染香蕉果实的芭蕉炭疽菌，共１０个分离菌系的酯酶同工酶进行了分析，结果表明：经多菌灵杀剂处理后，耐药性增强或产生了抗药生的菌系，普遍表现出酶带数相应增加及酶带活性增强。 相似文献
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水稻受稻瘟病菌侵染后过氧化物酶定位的超微观察 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
利用联苯胺蓝（3，3'-diaminobenzidine, DAB）染色法原位检测了水稻 稻瘟病菌互作过程中H2O2和过氧化物酶被诱导产生和积累的过程。结果表明在病原菌接种后，水稻叶鞘内表皮细胞在伤口、气孔保卫细胞及病菌侵染点等3种情况下可以检测到染色反应。在水稻-稻瘟病菌非亲和性互作中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升快，并逐渐积累到较高的水平；而在亲和性互作反应中，H2O2产生和过氧化物酶活性上升被延迟，积累水平较低。超微结构研究表明，在非亲和性互作反应中，过氧化物酶主要定位于被侵染寄主细胞的细胞壁、细胞质、细胞膜、侵染菌丝周围及由膜系统构成的囊泡膜上；而在亲和性互作反应中，早期（接种后16 h）几乎难以观察到过氧化物酶的聚集，后期（接种后30 h）过氧化物酶聚集增多，但仍明显低于非亲和性互作反应。 相似文献
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采用黄曲霉毒素时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条及配套的时间分辨荧光速测仪,对油料饼粕中黄曲霉毒素B1的快速检测进行了应用研究。该时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术是基于时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条和载有Eu(Ⅲ)标记特异性单克隆抗体的样品瓶建立的检测技术。时间分辨荧光速测仪可内置标准曲线,直接输出检测结果。对6种油料饼粕做黄曲霉毒素B1添加回收率实验,回收率在70%～120%之间,批间、批内变异系数＜15%。在实际样品的检测中,时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条检测技术与液相色谱-串联质谱法相比,检测结果相对误差＜15%。时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条检测技术测定快速、准确,技术稳定、可靠,设备经济、小型,适用于大批量油料饼粕样品的快速检测和风险评估,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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采用离体叶片接种方法对2007-2010年收集的1 000份大豆种质资源进行抗性筛选,得到1份高抗材料SX6907。SX6907在接种后20d不产生侵染病斑;在高浓度锈菌接种时,产生少数红褐色RB（Red-brown）病斑,但无孢子堆破裂现象,无孢子产生;SX6907的接种表现与已知抗病品种主要表现为黄褐色TAN型感病病斑明显不同。组织学观察表明, SX6907在接种部位造成细胞坏死,侵染点无孢子形成,其抗性表现为抗锈菌侵染。SX6907是一个优异的抗锈病资源,可做亲本在抗锈病育种中应用。 相似文献
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C. H. Livingston R. Lambert M. Kaufmann K. Knutson 《American Journal of Potato Research》1976,53(3):81-86
Two Julesburg sandy-loam fields in Weld County, Colorado, with a history of Corky Ringspot (CRS) caused by tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were injected with Telone-C as fall or spring applications and planted to potatoes. Deep soil sample cores taken from the experimental fields were planted toNicotiana tabacum L. var. Samsun serving as TRV bait and indicator plants. Systemic infection of bait plants and assay of the bait plant roots for TRV indicate that potential TRV inoculum was present which escaped the effects of fumigation treatments. TRV was found to be widely but erratically distributed throughout the experimental fields. The low incidence of CRS in tubers harvested from the treated fields suggests that fumigation may have short term benefits but potential inoculum exists which could lead to infection after the effects of fumigation have dissipated. The total yield of tubers was increased in the two cultivars planted (Norgold and Norland) in the fumigated fields receiving spring or fall applications. The yield of U.S. No 1 Grade potatoes in the Norland cultivar was increased significantly by both fall and spring fumigation. These yield increases were directly related to the reduced incidence ofVerticillium wilt observed in the fumigated soils and reported as a personal communication from unpublished data. 相似文献
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Eight samples of perennial ryegrass-white clover herbage with in vivo dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranging from 0·279 to 0·264 were used to evaluate various cost-saving modifications to the two-stage pepsin–cellulase digestibility technique. The effect of sample size, cellulase quality, cellulase/sample ratio, digestion time and washing of residue following digestion were investigated. The loss of dry matter (DM) in the assay was correlated with in vivo DMD and each variation of the method was evaluated by comparing the s.d. between replicates and r.s.d. of the regression, as well as the convenience of the method for large-scale monitoring of digestibility of mixed ryegrass-clover herbage.
It was found that the amount of cellulase used could be reduced by a factor of 25, compared with recently published methods, without increasing s.d. or r.s.d. appreciably. In addition stirring during digestion and washing of the residue could be omitted without any deleterious effects. Increasing digestion time did not reduce s.d. or r.s.d. and the low-grade cellulase proved to be slightly more economical.
Increasing the sample size from 0·25 to 0·20 g improved the s.d. and r.s.d. but the residues from the larger samples were generally slower to filter, which made the assay unsuitable for routine use. Substantial reduction of digestion volume and use of a thermostatically controlled water bath instead of an incubator led to a considerable increase in efficiency and throughput of samples. Stirring the samples during digestion was found to be unnecessary, thus allowing more flexibility in the laboratory routine, for example using the weekend for digestion. Using the recommended method modification the repeatability between replicates and r.s.d. of the calibration regression was 0·204 and 0·215 respectively for samples ranging in DMD from 0·279 to 0·264. 相似文献
It was found that the amount of cellulase used could be reduced by a factor of 25, compared with recently published methods, without increasing s.d. or r.s.d. appreciably. In addition stirring during digestion and washing of the residue could be omitted without any deleterious effects. Increasing digestion time did not reduce s.d. or r.s.d. and the low-grade cellulase proved to be slightly more economical.
Increasing the sample size from 0·25 to 0·20 g improved the s.d. and r.s.d. but the residues from the larger samples were generally slower to filter, which made the assay unsuitable for routine use. Substantial reduction of digestion volume and use of a thermostatically controlled water bath instead of an incubator led to a considerable increase in efficiency and throughput of samples. Stirring the samples during digestion was found to be unnecessary, thus allowing more flexibility in the laboratory routine, for example using the weekend for digestion. Using the recommended method modification the repeatability between replicates and r.s.d. of the calibration regression was 0·204 and 0·215 respectively for samples ranging in DMD from 0·279 to 0·264. 相似文献
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水稻条纹病毒（rice stripe virus,RSV）NS3蛋白为病毒的沉默抑制子。利用酵母双杂交技术,从水稻cDNA文库中筛选出一个与RSV NS3蛋白互作的基因片段。推测该基因的功能是编码水稻3 磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase,GAPDH）。双分子荧光互补实验进一步验证了NS3与GAPDH存在互作。瞬时表达实验表明,GAPDH与GFP基因融合蛋白在本氏烟表皮细胞细胞质中大量积累。此外,讨论了GAPDH蛋白在RSV侵染水稻过程中可能的功能。 相似文献
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Rapid and economical measurement of amylose content in barley is important for genetic study and breeding improvement of this trait. Seventeen genotypes with a wide range of amylose contents were used to compare the amylose measurement accuracy of the cost-effective iodine–potassium iodide (I:KI) method to the commercially available enzyme-based Megazyme protocol. Comparable accuracy from I:KI was demonstrated in low amylose samples (below 10% dried base), as were limitations in regular or high amylose samples. To address the major cost of sample preparation in nutritional trait analysis, the I:KI method was also employed for amylose detection from β-glucan and free phosphate assay samples. Results indicated that samples used in β-glucan and phosphate assays could be further utilized for amylose measurement. Amylose detection accuracy using I:KI method from those assayed samples is comparable to that using the Megazyme method in low and regular amylose samples. Development of protocols for the double assays from one grain sample will significantly reduce the labor cost associated with sample preparation and will streamline the screening of early generation barley populations, where seed sample amounts are limited. 相似文献
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Xinshun Qu James A. Kavanagh Damian Egan Barbara J. Christ 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(1):21-30
A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using primers SsF and SsR designed from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ofSpongospora subterranea f. sp.subterranea was developed for the specific identification and quantification ofS. subterranea. These primers amplified a 434 bp product from DNA ofS. subterranea spore balls, but not from DNA of healthy potato, common scab tuber, and taxonomically related plasmodiophorids. This PCR assay was successfully used for the detection ofS. subterranea in naturally infected symptomatic and asymptomatic potato tubers.Spongospora subterranea in other infected symptomless host plants was detected by PCR. The PCR assay was modified with improved soil DNA extraction methods to detectS. subterranea in soil. The assay was sensitive, and one spore ball per gram of soil could be detected. Following the design of a heterologous competitor DNA template from the sequence of λDNA, a competitive PCR assay for the quantification ofS. subterranea in soil was developed and provided accurate quantification in the range of 1 to 104 spore balls per 0.25 g of soil. In a preliminary survey of naturally infested field soil samples, spore ball concentrations were estimated to vary from ca 0 to 3600 spore balls per 0.25-g soil sample by this competitive PCR assay. The spore ball levels were compared with the powdery scab disease incidence of potatoes in these fields, and a correlationship between spore ball levels and subsequent disease incidence was found. The PCR assays developed in this investigation can be routinely used to detect and quantifyS. subterranea in diseased plant tissue, asymptomatic plant tissue, and infested soil. 相似文献
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水稻干尖线虫的环介导恒温扩增技术(LAMP)快速检测方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
【目的】本研究旨在为水稻干尖线虫(Aphelenchoides besseyi Christie,1942)的快速检测鉴定和早期诊断提供一个新的检测方法。【方法】利用水稻干尖线虫18S核糖体RNA基因,设计了水稻干尖线虫LAMP的特异引物,该引物包括1对外引物、1对内引物和1对环引物,以LAMP特异引物对待测样品DNA进行恒温扩增,扩增产物通过电泳法和荧光染料法进行检测,电泳检测出现阶梯状条带或加入荧光染料显现绿色荧光,则证明待检样品中含有水稻干尖线虫。【结果】本方法可以检测鉴定水稻干尖线虫不同虫态(雌虫、雄虫、幼虫或卵)的个体,可以从多种线虫混合的样品和植物组织样品中直接检测出水稻干尖线虫,检测灵敏度达到1/1000条虫DNA。【结论】本检测方法具有准确、灵敏、稳定和结果直观的优点,且操作简便、实用性强。 相似文献
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R. P. BLACKSHAW 《Grass and Forage Science》1987,42(4):347-351
Leatherjacket populations were sampled from 20 sites in Northern Ireland by collecting 10 cm diameter soil cores and wet sieving. The sample variances were linearly related to the sample means. Up to a mean of 1.14 leatherjackets per core, populations could be described by the Poisson distribution. Negative binomial distributions could also be fitted to data where the sample variance was greater than the sample mean. A strong curvilinear relationship was found between the sample mean and the proportion of cores containing leatherjackets. The raw data were used to generate a series of equations which in turn gave rise to a function linking frequency, sample mean and sample size.
The implications of these results are discussed in relation to population estimation and advice to farmers. 相似文献
The implications of these results are discussed in relation to population estimation and advice to farmers. 相似文献