共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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本文研究了土壤的某些物理、化学性质对钢铁在土壤中的电极电位的影响。试验结果表明,土壤水分、土壤松紧度、土壤盐分、土壤pH对钢铁电极电位影响十分明显。在水分非饱和的条件下,电极电位随着土壤含水量的增加而下降。在同一含水量的情况下,电位与土壤容重呈明显的线性反相关。土壤盐分浓度的增高引起电位的正偏。从土壤pH的影响可区分出三个pH范围,在土壤pH为4.5-8.0的范围内,影响不明显。在土壤pH为2.0-4.5及8.0-9.7的两个范围内,钢铁电极电位与土壤pH呈明显反相关,相关系数分别为-0.953及-0.982。 相似文献
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土壤初始含水量对微咸水入渗特征影响 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
由于淡水资源短缺,微咸水开发利用成为缓减农业水资源短缺的重要措施。但由于微咸水中含有各种盐分离子影响土壤人渗特征,并对不同土壤初始含水量会表现出不同影响程度。本文进行了不同初始含水量条件下微咸水人渗试验．结果表明在低含水量情况下,土壤累积人渗量随着含水量增加而增加,但在高含水量表现不很明显。同时利用Green—Ampt人渗公式对实验资料进行分析,发现随着含水量增加土壤饱和导水能力增加,而湿润锋处吸力减少,与利用饱和导水能力测定结果相一致。 相似文献
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土壤盐分和含水量的空间变异性及其CoKriging估值——以黄河三角洲地区典型地块为例 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
以黄河三角洲地区典型地块为研究区，运用经典统计学和地统计学相结合的方法研究了不同深度土层盐分和含水量的空间变异特征。结果表明：研究区土壤盐分和含水量普遍较高，土壤表层积盐作用明显；各层土壤盐分均属于中等变异强度，土壤含水量除表层为中等变异强度外，其余各层为弱变异强度；受结构性因素和随机性因素的共同作用，各土层盐分和含水量均具有中等的空间相关性。对Kriging插值结果分析表明，研究区各土层盐分和含水量在一定的范围内均存在着空间上的相关性和变异性，表层土壤盐分和含水量的空间分布主要受微地形和气候条件的影响，地下水性质是主导深层土壤盐分及含水量空间分布的主要因素。分别采用表层土壤盐分及相应土层含水量对深层土壤盐分进行CoKriging估值，均能提高估值精度，采用表层土壤盐分对深层土壤盐分进行CoKriging估值的精度要明显高于采用土壤含水量，其估计方差减少百分数最大达到167．36％。 相似文献
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不同改良剂对滨海盐渍土水盐特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
针对滨海盐渍土盐分含量高和土壤导水性能差的问题,采用禾康盐碱土改良剂、康地宝盐碱土改良剂、金满田生物菌剂、腐殖酸和石膏5种土壤改良剂,通过田间小区试验,分析测定了土壤含水量、土壤盐分含量、pH值、容重和饱和导水率等指标,并测定了作物收获产量,筛选适宜于改良研究区滨海盐渍土水盐特性的改良剂.试验结果表明:(1)土壤水分含量变化极大地影响着土壤的含盐量,土壤含水量与土壤含盐量呈极显著线性负相关关系.(2)腐殖酸在抑制滨海盐渍土盐分和降低土壤容重方面效果最佳,经腐殖酸(300 kg/hm2)处理后,0-5,5-20和20-40 cm土层盐分含量较CK分别减少了29.2％,32.6％和25.9％,土壤容重较CK减少了10.2％,土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率较CK也相对提高.(3)5种改良剂不同程度提高了作物的产量,以腐殖酸处理作物增产效果最为明显,玉米和油菜产量较CK分别增加了104.8％和41.6％. 相似文献
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灌溉方式对土壤水分运动参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过实测和拟合的方法研究了不同灌溉方式对土壤饱和导水率及非饱和土壤水分运动参数的影响。结果表明:膜下滴灌明显改善了土壤导水性能,0-10 cm各土层土壤饱和导水率明显高于地面漫灌,并且两种灌溉方式下土壤饱和导水率都高于裸盐地;不同灌溉方式下,相同含水率所对应的非饱和导水率及非饱和扩散率均不同,0-100 cm各土层都表现为膜下滴灌>地面漫灌>裸盐地。膜下滴灌对土壤水分运动参数的影响,并不是由土壤质地、容重、温度、盐分等因素作用而引起,可能是由于膜下滴灌改变了土壤的团粒结构或土壤中盐分的离子组成而造成的。 相似文献
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垃圾肥对土壤养分及物理性状的影响 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
在盆栽和田间定位试验条件下,研究了垃圾肥对潮土ｐＨ,盐分,全Ｎ,速Ｐ、速Ｋ和土壤物理性状的影响。结果表明,垃圾肥能明显能提高土壤养分含量,土壤物理性状也有显著改善。垃圾肥对土壤ｐＨ降低的幅度尽管不大,但对潮土中微量元素的活化具有重要意义。另一方面,随着垃圾肥用量的增加,土壤全盐含量小升,因此在施用垃圾肥时应注意土壤盐分的累积 相似文献
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苏打碱土盐分淋洗与饱和导水率的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
土壤饱和导水率是土壤重要的物理性质之一,反映了土壤入渗和渗漏性质,是计算土壤剖面水通量和排水工程设计的一个重要土壤水力参数[1]。准确地估测农田饱和导水率,对于制定正确的水分和盐分、水分和养分的管理措施及有效地防止污染物对环境的影响,都有十分重要的意义。已有研究表明,饱和导水率受土壤质地、结构、盐分含量与组成、容重或孔隙度、土壤水分特征等诸多因素影响[2-7]。就碱土而言,饱和导水率低是其标志性特征之一[8-10],提高饱和导水率是有效淋洗碱土盐分的基本前提[11]。松嫩平原是国内仅次于黄淮海平原的第二大平原,其西部是中国五大盐渍土分布区域之一[12]。土壤盐分以NaHCO3和NaCO3为主[ 相似文献
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秸秆不同还田方式对土壤低吸力段持水能力及蒸发特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用张力计测定蒸发过程中低吸力段土壤水分特征曲线,对比研究了秸秆在经过粉碎、氨化及与无机土壤改良剂混合三种措施处理后对土壤饱和含水量、低吸力段土壤持水及供水能力和早期干旱过程中土壤脱水速度的影响。结果显示:粉碎秸秆施入土壤后提高了土壤饱和含水量、持水及供水能力,而长秸秆对土壤饱和含水量、持水及供水能力的影响较小;粉碎并氨化的秸秆对土壤饱和含水量、持水及供水能力的提高作用更为显著。粉碎秸秆及长秸秆处理均易造成早期干旱过程中脱水速度过快,氨化后或当秸秆与无机土壤改良剂混合施入土壤时,土壤低吸力段脱水速度明显减慢,利于土壤有效水的保存。该结果为提出新的能最大效率发挥秸秆改良土壤作用的秸秆还田方式提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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N. J. BARROW 《European Journal of Soil Science》1986,37(2):311-318
Both phosphate and metal cations such as zinc can be retained by oxides of iron and aluminium. Yet the phosphate-retaining and zinc-retaining materials in soil appear to differ in their behaviour from that of pure oxides of iron and aluminium. In most soils, the electrostatic potentials of retaining materials appear to be negative at normal soil pH values. The changes in potential with pH, and consequent change in retention, also appear to differ from those of pure oxides. A model of a pure oxide was modified in an attempt to simulate the observed behaviour of soil. The most effective modification was to include a negative charge in the oxide. Such a charge could have arisen from solid–state diffusion of anions into the oxide, or by close association with permanently charged clays. The inclusion of this charge changes the direction of the effect of pH on phosphate retention. If the amount of negative charge is large enough, the paradoxical situation can arise in which the potential of a ‘variable-charge’ surface is not affected by pH. This is consistent with observed effects of pH on zinc retention by soils. 相似文献
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根据西藏7个土类6 6个土壤剖面2 5 7层土样的分析资料,探讨酸性土的酸度特征。西藏酸性土面积约占1/ 5 ,主要为山地湿润森林型和高山灌丛草甸型土壤,集中分布于藏东南地区。土壤pH主要决定于其潜性酸中的交换性酸,特别是其中占优势的交换性Al3 ,而受非交换性酸的影响较小。交换性酸中Al3 的相对比例随交换性酸总量增加而增大,随有机质增加而减小,H 的相对比例则呈相反的变化。非交换性酸主要来源于有机质(腐殖质酸性功能团缔合H和络合Al的解离)。土壤pH与交换性酸、非交换性酸饱和度分别呈近线性、非线性负相关,而与盐基饱和度呈非线性正相关,且主要受优势的交换性Ca2 制约。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨盐渍化对土壤酸度的可能影响,为了解设施栽培土壤的酸化过程提供依据。[方法]采集了不同酸化特征的设施栽培土壤、露天栽培土壤和自然酸性土壤等3类表层土壤和剖面分层土壤样品,通过化学分析和室内添加肥料盐及土壤洗盐模拟试验,比较研究设施栽培土壤、露天栽培土壤与自然酸性土壤中活性酸、潜性酸、盐基饱和度之间关系差异及其受土壤盐分积累的影响。[结果]与自然酸性土壤相比,设施栽培土壤的酸是人为输入式,其酸化主要发生在表层,土壤剖面呈自上而下下降。在相同交换性酸水平的条件下,设施栽培土壤的pH值最低,其次为露天栽培土壤,而自然酸性土壤的pH值相对较高。在相同土壤pH值的情况下,自然酸性土壤的盐基饱和度明显低于设施栽培土壤和露天栽培土壤,而设施栽培土壤的盐基饱和度高于露天栽培土壤;设施栽培土壤的交换性酸中活性酸组成比例高于自然酸性土壤。增加中盐的积累可显著降低设施栽培土壤pH值;设施栽培土壤的盐分淋洗过程在降低土壤盐分的同时也降低了土壤的活性酸(提高了土壤的pH值)。[结论]盐分的积累增强了设施栽培土壤中潜性酸向活性酸的转化,高量施用化肥不仅可直接通过酸性物质的输入促进土壤pH值的下降,同时由此引起的盐分也可在一定程度上进一步降低土壤的pH值。 相似文献
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Time‐resolved in‐situ pH measurement in differently treated,saturated and unsaturated soils 
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下载免费PDF全文 The pH‐value is of utmost relevance for soil properties and functioning. Hence, a time‐resolved in‐situ measurement is mandatory but lacking. As an alternative, a two‐probe pH electrode with gel‐covered reference electrode was newly constructed and tested for a continuous, in‐situ pH recording in saturated and unsaturated soil. This was done using samples from a set of 14 soils with different composition and pH$ _{\rm CaCl_2} $ ranging from 3.5 to 7.5 in batch and repacked soil column experiments. In the latter, changes in pH and redox potential were monitored upon transport of citrate‐phosphate buffer and pig slurry through the soil columns. The pH measurements were largely stable even upon substantial shifts in soil moisture content down to air‐dry conditions. The results of the pH measurements agreed with standard methods using settled soil suspensions in electrolyte solutions and the conventional combination (single‐probe) pH electrode. Testing the suspension effect, it was found that measuring pH directly in the soil is recommended. The pH measured in‐situ was closest to pH values determined in 0.01 M CaCl2 suspensions according to DIN ISO 10390 (DIN, 2005 ). The transport of citrate buffer and pig slurry as pH active substances through soil induced strong effects on the pH and in part on the redox potential; the reversible effects lasted over days, which may affect the mobility and speciation of nutrients and pollutants as well as microbial processes. 相似文献
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The long‐term sustainability of forest soils may be affected by the retention of exchangeable nutrient cations such as Ca2+ and the availability of potentially toxic cations such as Al3+. Many of our current concepts of cation exchange and base cation saturation are largely unchanged since the beginnings of soil chemistry over a century ago. Many of the same methods are still in use even though they were developed in a period when exchangeable aluminium (Al) and variable charge were not generally recognized. These concepts and methods are not easily applicable to acid, highly organic forest soils. The source of charge in these soils is primarily derived from organic matter (OM) but the retention of cations, especially Al species, cannot be described by simple exchange phenomena. In this review, we trace the development of modern cation exchange definitions and procedures, and focus on how these are challenged by recent research on the behaviour of acid forest soils. Although the effective cation exchange capacity (CECe) in an individual forest soil sample can be easily shown to vary with the addition of strong base or acid, it is difficult to find a pH effect in a population of different acid forest soil samples. In the very acidic pH range below ca 4.5, soils will generally have smaller concentrations of adsorbed Al3+. This can be ascribed to a reduced availability of weatherable Al‐containing minerals and a large amount of weak, organic acidity. Base cation saturation calculations in this pH range do not provide a useful metric and, in fact, pH is modelled better if Al3+ is considered to be a base cation. Measurement of exchangeable Al3+ with a neutral salt represents an ill‐defined but repeatable portion of organically complexed Al, affected by the pH of the extractant. Cation exchange in these soils can be modelled if assumptions are made as to the proportion of individual cations that are non‐specifically bound by soil OM. Future research should recognize these challenges and focus on redefining our concepts of cation retention in these important soils. 相似文献