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红腹锦鸡胚胎期羽毛芽发育的研究 《畜牧与饲料科学》2016,37(2):1-1
旨在了解红腹锦鸡胚胎期羽毛毛囊的组织结构及毛囊形态发生的变化过程,为研究红腹锦鸡羽毛毛囊发育的分子调控机理奠定组织学基础。分别对5、7、8、9、10、11、13、16、18日胚龄的红腹锦鸡胚胎发育情况进行实体观察;采集上述胚龄的红腹锦鸡背部皮肤,制作石蜡切片并进行HE染色,在显微镜下观察毛囊形态结构并拍照记录。红腹锦鸡胚胎于9日胚龄时羽毛芽开始发育,可以观察到色素在毛囊内的沉积,16日胚龄时毛囊发育基本完成,体表覆盖羽毛。该研究为进一步阐明红腹锦鸡羽毛发育的分子机制奠定了组织学基础。 相似文献
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为了研究鸮形目鸟类放射状羽毛构成的特殊面盘的微观形态,利用其面部羽毛微观形态进行物种鉴定,试验采用扫描电镜观察褐林鸮、长耳鸮、雕鸮、斑头鸺鹠、黄腿渔鸮、草鸮和红角鸮7种鸮形目鸟类面部羽毛的显微结构,同时测量鸮形目面部羽毛羽枝间距,利用单因素方差分析对测量数据进行研究。结果表明:鸮形目7种鸟类面部羽毛在显微形态上存在较大差异,除了褐林鸮与长耳鸮、黄腿渔鸮与斑头鸺鹠的面部羽毛羽枝间距差异不显著外(P0.05),其他不同物种间面部羽毛羽枝间距差异极显著(P0.01),可以用于区分鸮形目鸟类的不同物种。 相似文献
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充分利用水草发展养鹅裘永良（吉林省农科院畜牧分院公主岭市１３６１００）（－）鹅（学名：Ａｎｓｅｒｄｏｍｅｓｔｉｃａ英文：Ｇｏｏｓｅ）是以采食青粗饲料为主养殖经济与社会效益好的大体型家养水禽。世界各地养殖的白鹅和灰雁鹅分别从野生白羽毛鸿雁和灰羽毛野雁，... 相似文献
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肾型传染性支气管炎（ＩｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓＢｒｏｎｃｈｅｉｔｉｓ－Ｎｅｐｈｒｏｓｉｓｆｏｒｍ,简称肾传支）是鸡的一种急性高度接触性的呼吸道传染病。其特征是感染本病的鸡只先发现轻微的呼吸道症状,接着出现严重的肾损害。病鸡精神沉郁,羽毛松乱,排白色石灰样粪... 相似文献
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羽毛蛋白开发应用进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
家禽羽毛中含有大量蛋白质 ,利用家禽羽毛作饲料的研究在国外已进行了 2 0多年 ,日本年产羽毛蛋白 1 5万t左右 ,美国的羽毛蛋白年使用量近 2 0万t。近年来 ,羽毛蛋白在国际上已被认为是一种有独特价值的蛋白质饲料 ,我国在开发和应用羽毛资源方面也取得了一定成效。1 羽毛粉的结构与性质家禽羽毛主要由纤维状结构的角蛋白构成 ,属于不溶性蛋白 ,角蛋白与一般蛋白质一样是由多种氨基酸按照一定顺序在肽键的连接下构成的高分子化合物 ,但其多肽链间存在着很多二硫键结构 ,使羽毛蛋白质的分子结构特别稳定 ,如果不经过处理动物就很难消化和利… 相似文献
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大规模集约化生产食品动物及畜产品，给畜牧业带来了大量废弃物处理的难题。这些废物包括牲畜的粪便、死畜、毛发、羽毛及加工过程的废弃物，这些废物都是有机物质，可转换成有用的资源。要使这一转换既经济又有效，是对现代生物学的一大挑战。现已开发了一种有效的嗜热厌氧发酵池系统，可把动物的粪便转变为可作为能源的沼气，固体沼渣可作为饲料添加剂，而其液体养分则可用于、水产养殖业。此发酵池系统还可消灭病原体从而保护环境卫生。在开发这一系统的过程中，发现了一种可分解羽毛的细菌，其被鉴定为嗜热的地衣形杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｌｎｓｌｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）ＰＷＤ—１株。这种细菌可使羽毛发酵并把羽毛转变成羽毛分解物。羽毛分解物是可用作饲料的可消化蛋白质。现已提纯并弄清了这种细菌分泌的一种酶─—角蛋白酶。这种酶是一种高效的蛋白酶，可水解所有受试的蛋白质，包括胶原蛋白、弹性蛋白及羽毛角蛋白。把这种酶作为添加剂混合于饲料中，可显著提高仔鸡对羽毛粉的消化率。据认为，这种细菌和酶除了可用于饲料工业外，还可应用于其他工业及环境保护。 相似文献
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雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构与分布特点研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点与其羽绒性能密切相关。本试验采用组织切片技术和光学显微方法观察成年雁鹅羽毛毛囊形态结构和分布特点,用最小二乘均数法对胸、腹和背部羽区的毛囊密度、毛囊直径和S/P值的变化进行分析,以及性别因素对毛囊性状的影响进行研究。结果显示,雁鹅羽毛初级毛囊和次级毛囊均属有髓毛囊,二者独立发生发育并独立分布。鹅的次级毛囊显微形态结构与初级毛囊基本相似,但次级毛囊的羽嵴于羽髓周围呈放射状均匀分布,没有凸出的脊柱状较大嵴突存在。成年雌性雁鹅在其胸、腹、背部羽区的初级和次级毛囊密度均显著高于雄性雁鹅(P＜0.05),雁鹅胸、腹部羽区的次级毛囊密度和S/P值均显著高于背部的毛囊密度和S/P值(P＜0.05)。次级毛囊直径因性别差异变化较大,雄鹅胸、背部羽区的次级毛囊直径显著大于雌鹅(P＜0.05);且雄雌鹅腹部次级毛囊直径均显著小于其背部的次级毛囊直径(P＜0.05)。 相似文献
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鸡体表羽毛形态是反映鸡品种特征、发育和健康的重要表征之一,受到生产和消费者的广泛关注.本文从羽毛的生长更替及其毛囊的发生发育两个方面进行综述,为深入研究羽毛生长发育机制提供参考. 相似文献
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以三黄鸡为试验材料,分析了个体、家系间羽毛密度、干毛比例、主翼羽长度、尾巴长度的差异,同时对羽毛紧凑度选育方法进行验证研究。结果表明,羽毛密度、干毛比例、主翼羽长度在个体间差异很大,家系间差异达到显著水平。羽毛密度与主翼羽长度、尾巴长度呈显著负相关;干毛比例与主翼羽长度、羽毛密度相关不显著,但与冠高有极显著相关。双向选择效果分析表明,以主翼羽长度和干毛比例为指标进行直接选育效果好,但以羽毛密度为指标进行直接选育效果较差。通过半同胞法估算出羽毛密度、干毛比例、主翼羽长和冠高的遗传力分别为0.198、0.339、0.491、0.549。 相似文献
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自然界中鸟类呈现出丰富的羽毛颜色,羽色性状在躲避天敌、捕食、求偶及抵御紫外线等方面都具有重要作用。对鸡羽毛颜色性状的研究有助于加强品种区分、识别,在育种工作中建立品种间的显著标识和保障同一品种外观整齐尤为重要。羽毛颜色是禽类表型遗传研究的重要组成部分,它主要由黑色素和类胡萝卜素所决定。目前鸡羽毛颜色性状遗传调控机制的研究大多集中在黑色素相关通路,其中,Wnt、KIT/KITL和EDN3/EDNRB等信号通路对黑素细胞的生长发育、迁移和分化具有重要的调控作用,α-MSH/ASIP-MC1R信号通路负责调控黑色素的合成。已有研究显示,通过全基因组范围内的遗传变异检测技术挖掘与羽色性状相关的基因和变异位点,可以揭示黑羽、麻羽、显性白羽、隐形白羽、常染色体白化、银羽、性连锁不完全白化、深棕色羽、淡紫色羽(灰羽)、非依赖酪氨酸酶的隐性白羽、斑点羽和性连锁横斑羽(芦花羽)等多种羽色性状的遗传调控机制。此外,以图灵模型为理论基础可以解释复杂羽色图案的形成机制。作者通过总结黑色素相关调控通路与图灵模型对家鸡羽毛颜色性状的遗传调控机制,对近年来已经确定基因座的家鸡羽毛颜色性状相关研究展开综述,以期为鸡羽色分子机制研究以及在育种过程中开展鸡羽色性状标记辅助选择提供参考。 相似文献
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Changes in feather condition in relation to feather pecking and aggressive behaviour in laying hens 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The aim of this experiment was to describe and examine the relationship between pecks received by individual birds and the feather and skin damage of those birds at different ages. The effect of group size was also studied. Laying hens were raised in floor pens in group sizes of 15, 30, 60 and 120 birds, each with 4 replicates. Behavioural observations were performed at the ages of 22, 27, 32 and 37 weeks. Detailed feather scoring was carried out at the ages of 18, 23, 28 and 33 weeks. Behavioural observations focused on the number of feather pecks (gentle and severe) and aggressive pecks received, and on the part of the body that was pecked. Scoring of feather and skin damage focused on the same 11 parts of the body. Increasing numbers of aggressive pecks received were associated with decreased body weight and increased feather damage at the ages of 27 and 32 weeks. The number of severe feather pecks received was significantly related with feather damage at all ages; however, no relation with gentle feather pecks received was found. Group size had a significant effect on feather condition, with large group sizes having most feather damage. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究采用真代谢能(TME)法评定3种蒸煮酶解羽毛粉对于肉鸭的能量和氨基酸营养价值,为合理开发和利用羽毛粉蛋白质资源提供基础数据。3种羽毛粉(Ⅰ~Ⅲ)分别为42日龄樱桃谷肉鸭羽毛粉、550日龄罗曼蛋鸡羽毛粉和100日龄三黄肉鸡羽毛粉。试验选取20只7周龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分为4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1只肉鸭,单笼饲养。处理1(T1)为测定羽毛粉Ⅰ,处理2(T2)为测定羽毛粉Ⅱ,处理3(T3)为测定羽毛粉Ⅲ,处理4(T4)为饥饿处理。试验期为7 d。结果表明:1)以干物质(DM)为基础,羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的总能(GE)分别为21.31、21.02和20.18 MJ/kg,表观代谢能(AME)分别为13.71、12.29和12.10 k J/kg,TM E分别为14.83、13.42和13.22 M J/kg。2)以DM为基础,羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的粗蛋白质(CP)含量分别为91.05%、87.31%和91.06%;羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的总氨基酸(TAA)含量都在80%以上,但不同羽毛粉的氨基酸含量差异较大。3)羽毛粉Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的TAA表观可代谢率分别为81.51%、73.07%和76.85%,TAA真可代谢率分别为85.09%、76.89%和80.43%。3种羽毛粉的表观可利用氨基酸和真可利用氨基酸含量也存在显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,利用TM E法测定毛粉能量与氨基酸的营养价值,发现3种羽毛粉的代谢能(M E)、表观可利用氨基酸和真可利用氨基酸存在明显差异。羽毛粉Ⅰ的GE、ME、CP及TAA代谢率均高于羽毛粉Ⅱ和羽毛粉Ⅲ。 相似文献
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为了研究鹅羽毛生长、更换规律,羽毛生长速度与体重的相关性及羽毛生长速度之间的相关性,本试验采用完全随机设计,选取1日龄健康肝用型鹅100只,记录0~10周龄的体重和羽毛长度、宽度,并进行相关性分析。结果表明:0~10周龄,肝用型鹅的羽毛生长经历了绒毛生长脱换期和羽毛生长脱换期。颈毛长、肩毛长、肩毛宽、背毛长、背毛宽、主翼羽长、主翼羽宽、副翼羽长、副翼羽宽、主尾羽长、主尾羽宽、胸毛长和腹毛长生长速度分别在第6、2、4、4、6、5、5、5、5、4、3、4、3周达到最大值,并显著或极显著高于其它各周(P<0.05或P<0.01)。主翼羽长、副翼羽长、主尾羽长与体重极显著正相关(P<0.01);肩毛长、肩毛宽、背毛宽、主尾羽宽与体重极显著负相关(P<0.01);副翼羽宽、腹毛长与体重显著负相关(P<0.05)。肩毛、背毛、主翼羽、副翼羽和主尾羽的长与宽的生长速度之间均为极显著正相关(P<0.01);主翼羽长与背毛、副翼羽、主尾羽和胸毛长生长速度之间均为极显著正相关(P<0.01);肩毛长与主翼羽长、副翼羽长生长速度极显著负相关(P<0.01),与胸毛长、腹毛长生长速度极显著正相关(P<0.01);由此可知:0~10周龄,肝用型鹅的羽毛生长经历了绒毛生长脱换、绒毛羽毛共存、羽毛生长3个阶段;羽毛生长先后的顺序为:肩毛、主尾羽、副翼羽、主翼羽、背毛、颈毛;鹅羽毛生长速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且与体重显著相关。 相似文献
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1. The aim was to test whether provision of foraging material and food form influence feather pecking and feather damage in laying hens. 2. From week 19 of age, 16 groups of 11 hens (white Lohman Selected Leghorn hybrids) were kept in pens with or without access to long-cut straw as foraging material and fed on either mash or pellets. 3. Foraging behaviour was increased in hens with access to straw and time spent feeding was increased in hens fed on mash. In addition, hens fed on mash had longer feeding bouts and higher rates of pecking at the food during feeding than hens fed on pellets. 4. There were interaction effects of foraging material and food form on both feather pecking and feather damage. High rates of feather pecking and pronounced feather damage were only found in hens housed without access to straw and fed on pellets. In groups characterised by high rates of feather pecking the hens also showed more severe forms of this behaviour. 5. Differences in the time budgets of hens kept in different housing conditions suggested that birds fed on mash used the food not only for feeding but also as a substrate for foraging behaviour. 6. In order to avoid problems with feather pecking it is recommended that laying hens are provided with foraging material and fed on mash. 相似文献
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A E Jergens T P Brown T L England 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1988,193(10):1292-1294
Psittacine beak and feather disease syndrome was diagnosed in an adult sulfur-crested cockatoo with a history of chronic, progressive feather loss and beak necrosis. A definitive diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs and the observation of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions in involved feather follicular epithelium. Psittacine beak and feather disease syndrome develops in a variety of psittacine species and usually has a progressive and irreversible clinical course. Symmetric feather loss with replacement by severely dystrophic plumage is the salient clinical finding. Beak elongation and breakage also may be found. Treatment of diseased birds remains palliative and consists of a controlled environment, balanced nutrition, antibiotics, and autogenous vaccines. Avian practitioners should include psittacine beak and feather disease syndrome as a potential cause for pathologic feather loss in caged birds. 相似文献
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This study was designed to determine the effects of hydrolyzed feather meal inclusion on growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility and fecal odorous compounds in modern lean growth genotype pigs. Two hundred forty pigs (BW = 23.2 +/- 1.3 kg) were allotted based on BW and sex to a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement of treatments (four pens per treatment; five pigs per pen) in a randomized complete block design. Factors consisted of 1) sex (barrows or gilts) and 2) dietary treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% hydrolyzed feather meal). Diets were formulated to contain 1.00, 0.90, 0.75, or 0.60% apparent ileal digestible lysine for phases 1 to 4, respectively, with other amino acids provided at an ideal ratio. Available P and ME were kept constant within each phase. No significant interactions between feather meal inclusion and sex were observed for growth performance (P > 0.15). Body weight gain was reduced (P < 0.05) for pigs fed 10% feather meal compared to pigs fed 0, 4, or 8% feather meal. Feed intake of pigs fed 10% feather meal was reduced (P < 0.05) compared to pigs fed 0 or 4% feather meal. Ultrasound backfat measurements tended (P = 0.12) to increase with increasing levels of feather meal. Daily lean gain was less (P < 0.05) in pigs fed 10% feather meal than in pigs fed either 0, 2, 4, or 8% feather meal. Digestibility of N measured on wk 9 decreased quadratically (P < 0.001) with increasing levels of feather meal. Phosphorus digestibility increased in a linear fashion (P < 0.02), however, the improvement in P digestibility with increasing levels of feather meal was more pronounced in barrows compared to gilts (interaction, P < 0.05). Fecal samples obtained from pigs fed 0, 4, or 8% feather meal were analyzed for odorous compounds. Concentrations of butanoic, pentanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic acid were greater (P < 0.05) and concentrations of 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, and decane were less (P < 0.05) in feces from pigs fed feather meal. These results suggest that feather meal can be included in diets for growing-finishing pigs at a rate of 8%. Excretion of N in feces increased but P excretion decreased with increasing levels of feather meal. Odorous compounds in feces can be affected by the inclusion of hydrolyzed feather meal, but the exact impact of these changes on odor perception remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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试验旨在测定酶解羽毛粉的体外蛋白质消化率,同时研究酶解羽毛粉替代日粮中鱼粉对生长猪生产性能和蛋白质消化率的影响。体外试验采用胃蛋白酶-胰酶水解法对水解羽毛粉和酶解羽毛粉进行消化测定其蛋白质消化率。饲养试验选用135头体重相近的杜×长×大生长猪,随机分成3组,分别为对照组(3%秘鲁鱼粉组),处理Ⅰ和Ⅱ(酶解羽毛粉50%和100%替代秘鲁鱼粉)。结果表明:酶解羽毛粉体外蛋白质消化率比水解羽毛粉提高了15.38%(P<0.05)。处理组平均日增重和平均日采食量与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05);饲料增重比及蛋白质消化率也与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结合生产性能试验与经济效益分析,酶解羽毛粉100%等蛋白替代秘鲁鱼粉组为最佳,在生产实践中具备实用性和可行性。 相似文献