共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Cytoplasmic DNA from petite colonies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a hypothesis on the nature of the mutation 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The density of the cytoplasmic DNA of two strains of "petite" mutants of yeast, obtained by treatment with acriflavin and with ultraviolet light, was examined in cesium chloride density-gradient centrifugation and in all cases appeared to be less than that of the wild type. A cytoplasmic respiratory-deficient strain, treated with additional acriflavin, can show a further shift of the position of the satellite band, always in the direction of reduction of density. Also, from the p(+) x p(-) cross, p(-) strains can be recovered in which the density of the satellite DNA is different from the density of the parent p(-) strain. This finding suggests the existence of recombination in cytoplasmic DNA moleciules. 相似文献
2.
采用过氧化氢刺激lager型啤酒酵母,Tadpoling法筛选细胞活力恢复较快突变菌,根据各菌株线粒体膜电位、胞内氧自由基(ROS)水平筛选获得4株活性较高菌株。比较突变菌与原始菌传代发酵性能、胞内ROS、活力指标及每一代细胞死亡率水平,最终获得一株抗氧化能力提高且活力稳定性较高啤酒酵母菌株。分析验证突变菌线粒体DNA修复相关基因MHR1发现,该基因发生部分碱基突变。 相似文献
3.
S A Johnston P Q Anziano K Shark J C Sanford R A Butow 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,240(4858):1538-1541
The genetic transformation of mitochondria and chloroplasts has been an intractable problem. The newly developed "biolistic" (biological ballistic) process was used to deliver DNA into yeast cells to stably transform their mitochondria. A nonreverting strain, which is respiratory deficient because of a deletion in the mitochondrial oxi3 gene, was bombarded with tungsten microprojectiles coated with DNA bearing sequences that could correct the oxi3 deletion. Respiratory-competent transformants were obtained in which the introduced oxi3 DNA is integrated at the homologous site in the mitochondrial genome. Organelle genomes can now be manipulated by molecular genetic techniques in the same way as nuclear genomes. 相似文献
4.
Kolesnikova OA Entelis NS Mireau H Fox TD Martin RP Tarassov IA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,289(5486):1931-1933
Mitochondrial import of a cytoplasmic transfer RNA (tRNA) in yeast requires the preprotein import machinery and cytosolic factors. We investigated whether the tRNA import pathway can be used to correct respiratory deficiencies due to mutations in the mitochondrial DNA and whether this system can be transferred into human cells. We show that cytoplasmic tRNAs with altered aminoacylation identity can be specifically targeted to the mitochondria and participate in mitochondrial translation. We also show that human mitochondria, which do not normally import tRNAs, are able to internalize yeast tRNA derivatives in vitro and that this import requires an essential yeast import factor. 相似文献
5.
Beech PL Nheu T Schultz T Herbert S Lithgow T Gilson PR McFadden GI 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,287(5456):1276-1279
A homolog of the bacterial cell division gene ftsZ was isolated from the alga Mallomonas splendens. The nuclear-encoded protein (MsFtsZ-mt) was closely related to FtsZs of the alpha-proteobacteria, possessed a mitochondrial targeting signal, and localized in a pattern consistent with a role in mitochondrial division. Although FtsZs are known to act in the division of chloroplasts, MsFtsZ-mt appears to be a mitochondrial FtsZ and may represent a mitochondrial division protein. 相似文献
6.
URF6, last unidentified reading frame of human mtDNA, codes for an NADH dehydrogenase subunit 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
A Chomyn M W Cleeter C I Ragan M Riley R F Doolittle G Attardi 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1986,234(4776):614-618
The polypeptide encoded in URF6, the last unassigned reading frame of human mitochondrial DNA, has been identified with antibodies to peptides predicted from the DNA sequence. Antibodies prepared against highly purified respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase from beef heart or against the cytoplasmically synthesized 49-kilodalton iron-sulfur subunit isolated from this enzyme complex, when added to a deoxycholate or a Triton X-100 mitochondrial lysate of HeLa cells, specifically precipitated the URF6 product together with the six other URF products previously identified as subunits of NADH dehydrogenase. These results strongly point to the URF6 product as being another subunit of this enzyme complex. Thus, almost 60% of the protein coding capacity of mammalian mitochondrial DNA is utilized for the assembly of the first enzyme complex of the respiratory chain. The absence of such information in yeast mitochondrial DNA dramatizes the variability in gene content of different mitochondrial genomes. 相似文献
7.
【目的】对福建地区葡萄自然发酵酵母菌组成的差异进行分析,明确福建主要酵母菌种类,为酿制具有南方地域特色的葡萄酒提供优良菌株。【方法】采集夏黑、刺葡萄和玫瑰香葡萄自然发酵不同阶段[发酵前期（7 d）、中期（15 d）和后期（25 d）]的发酵液进行酵母菌分离,采用WL培养基进行酵母菌表型性状鉴别,挑取代表性菌株进行DNA提取及26S rDNA D1/D2鉴定,分析不同发酵阶段酵母菌的组成差异。通过测定相同发酵条件下的酒精度、总糖、还原糖和总酸含量,对酿酒酵母的酿酒性能进行初步分析。【结果】不同品种葡萄自然发酵的发酵液中共分离获得114株菌株,根据其表型鉴定为18个不同的表型类群。进一步通过酵母菌的26S r DNA D1/D2区序列测序,可将114株酵母菌菌株划分为18种,包括拜耳接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces bailii）、双孢接合酵母（Zygosaccharomyces bisporus）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）等。不同品种葡萄发酵过程中酵母菌种类和组成具有一定的差异,其中刺葡萄A有10种、刺葡萄B有11种、夏黑A和玫瑰香均为7种、夏黑B有8种。陆生伊萨酵母（Issatchenkia terricola）出现在刺葡萄A、玫瑰香和夏黑B发酵前期,且所占比例最高,分别达100.00%、50.00%和40.00%;盔形毕赤酵母（Pichia galeiformis）是夏黑A和刺葡萄B发酵前期的优势菌;在不同品种葡萄自然发酵中期均含有泽普林假丝酵母（Candida zemplinina）和盔形毕赤酵母;刺葡萄A、刺葡萄B和夏黑B发酵后期的优势菌为盔形毕赤酵母,所占比例分别为40.00%、55.56%和71.43%;酿酒酵母在夏黑A、玫瑰香和夏黑B发酵中期开始出现,直到发酵后期,均占有较大比例,分别为66.67%、42.86%和14.29%。初步葡萄酿酒发酵表明,酿酒酵母VMH-M042的酿酒性能（酒精度12.5%、总糖含量76.0 g/L、还原糖含量40.5 g/L、总酸含量5.6%）优良。【结论】福建地区不同品种葡萄分离得到的酵母菌资源丰富,区域性差异明显,特异性资源较多,其中酿酒酵母VMH-M042在葡萄酒发酵中表现出较优良的酿酒性能,可为南方葡萄酒酿制提供丰富的菌种资源和理论依据。 相似文献
8.
RNA required for import of precursor proteins into mitochondria 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
F A Firgaira J P Hendrick F Kalousek J P Kraus L E Rosenberg 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1984,226(4680):1319-1322
A cytoplasmic RNA moiety is necessary for posttranslational uptake of nuclear-encoded mammalian proteins destined for the mitochondrial matrix. Post-translational addition of ribonuclease to a reticulocyte lysate-programmed cell-free translation mixture inhibited subsequent import of six different mitochondrial matrix enzyme precursors into rat liver mitochondria. The required RNA is highly protected, as indicated by the high concentrations of ribonuclease necessary to produce this inhibition. The dependence of the inhibitory effect on temperature, duration of exposure to ribonuclease, and availability of divalent cations is characteristic of the nuclease susceptibility of ribonucleoproteins. The ribonuclease-sensitive component was found in a 400-kilodalton fraction which contains the mitochondrial protein precursors. 相似文献
9.
［目的］为酵母菌在治理Hg污染中的应用提供技术参考。［方法］以实验室驯化培养的酵母菌为供试菌株，通过等温吸附试验和吸附动力学试验研究了酵母菌对Hg^2＋的吸附特性。［结果］酵母菌对Hg^2＋的吸附是一个动态过程并且进行得很快。该吸附过程可分为2个阶段，第1阶段为快速吸附阶段，该阶段持续10 min左右；第2阶段为吸附平衡阶段。用准二级动力学方程模拟酵母菌对Hg^2＋的吸附过程的可决系数达0.999 9。利用拟合出的直线方程可以计算出试验条件下酵母菌对Hg^2＋的平衡吸附量和吸附平衡常数分别为6.238 mg/g和 3.021 g/（mg·min）。与Freundlich方程相比，Langmuir方程对试验结果的拟合效果更佳。在试验条件下，酵母菌对Hg^2＋的最大吸附量为9.29 mg/L。［结论］该研究为重金属污染的生物防治提供了理论依据。 相似文献
10.
Sheltzer JM Blank HM Pfau SJ Tange Y George BM Humpton TJ Brito IL Hiraoka Y Niwa O Amon A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6045):1026-1030
Aneuploidy decreases cellular fitness, yet it is also associated with cancer, a disease of enhanced proliferative capacity. To investigate one mechanism by which aneuploidy could contribute to tumorigenesis, we examined the effects of aneuploidy on genomic stability. We analyzed 13 budding yeast strains that carry extra copies of single chromosomes and found that all aneuploid strains exhibited one or more forms of genomic instability. Most strains displayed increased chromosome loss and mitotic recombination, as well as defective DNA damage repair. Aneuploid fission yeast strains also exhibited defects in mitotic recombination. Aneuploidy-induced genomic instability could facilitate the development of genetic alterations that drive malignant growth in cancer. 相似文献
11.
12.
以白阿魏侧耳(Pleurotus.nebrodensis)及其近缘种刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus.eryngii)、阿魏侧耳(Pleurotus.ferulae)为供试材料,利用差速离心法和改良的CTAB法提取供试菌株线粒体总DNA,并以此为模板,MS1和MS2为引物特异性扩增出供试菌株线粒体SSU rDNA 5′端的DNA片段,并对PCR产物纯化后进行序列测定。所测序列经比对后用BioEdit 6.0.5和MEGA 3.1软件分别对其序列长度、(G+C)含量和遗传距离进行分析,确定供试菌株间的亲缘关系。结果表明,白阿魏侧耳、刺芹侧耳、阿魏侧耳之间具有较近的亲缘关系,而且阿魏侧耳与白阿魏侧耳之间的亲缘关系比其与刺芹侧耳之间的亲缘关系更近,但白阿魏侧耳、刺芹侧耳、阿魏侧耳为3个不同的种。同时提示线粒体SSU rDNA 5′端序列可以区分不同种间亲缘关系。 相似文献
13.
为了准确快速地为酵母生产提供优良菌株,采用核糖体DNA ITS-1(Internal transcribed spacer 1)序列分析法,对27株酵母菌(其中24株为酿酒酵母属中的酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae),其他3株分别为汉逊酵母属中的多形酵母(H.polymorph)、克鲁维酵母属中的乳清酵母(K.marxianus)和红酵母属中的粘质酵母(R.mucilaginosa))进行了系统分类学研究,提取这27株酵母菌的基因组DNA并进行PCR扩增,采用琼脂糖和非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测,能将酵母菌株鉴定到属的水平;对PCR扩增序列进行克隆和测序,结果表明大多数酿酒酵母菌株之间的ITS-1序列有差异,主要表现在序列中的一段Ploy-T上,最少的有7个T,最多的有13个T。研究还用Phylip 3.6等DNA序列分析软件对不同ITS-1序列的菌株进行了系统发育分析,确定出不同菌株之间的亲缘关系,并纠正了长期认为是酿酒酵母的两株酵母菌。 相似文献
14.
白杨叶绿体和线粒体DNA的多态性及遗传性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用PCR-RFLP技术对白杨派毛白杨、毛新杨和银腺杨及其F1代的叶绿体和线粒体遗传进行了分析.以总DNA为模板,扩增了叶绿体trnD-trnT、rps12/7-nadB、trnT-trnF、trnL-trnF3′和trnL-trnF5′基因片段,线粒体coxⅢ、ND5/6、orf25、atp6、nad4/1-2和ND2-COⅢ基因片段,比较了这些扩增片段5种限制性内切酶的酶切片段多态性.结果表明:毛新杨×毛白杨、毛新杨×银腺杨F1代的叶绿体DNA为母性遗传;4种杂交组合线粒体基因片段的PCR扩增与酶切图谱完全一致,未发现多态性,表明白杨线粒体基因高度保守. 相似文献
15.
Within-species genetic diversity is thought to reflect population size, history, ecology, and ability to adapt. Using a comprehensive collection of polymorphism data sets covering approximately 3000 animal species, we show that the widely used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker does not reflect species abundance or ecology: mtDNA diversity is not higher in invertebrates than in vertebrates, in marine than in terrestrial species, or in small than in large organisms. Nuclear loci, in contrast, fit these intuitive expectations. The unexpected mitochondrial diversity distribution is explained by recurrent adaptive evolution, challenging the neutral theory of molecular evolution and questioning the relevance of mtDNA in biodiversity and conservation studies. 相似文献
16.
The unusual varl gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The var1 gene specifies the only mitochondrial ribosomal protein known to be encoded by yeast mitochondrial DNA. The gene is unusual in that its base composition is nearly 90 percent adenine plus thymine. It and its expression product show a strain-dependent variation in size of up to 7 percent; this variation does not detectably interfere with function. Furthermore, var1 is an expandable gene that participates in a novel recombinational event resembling gene conversion whereby shorter alleles are preferentially converted to longer ones. The remarkable features of var1 indicate that it may have evolved by a mechanism analogous to exon shuffling, although no introns are actually present. 相似文献
17.
[目的]指导白酒生产,提高白酒质量。[方法]采用平板分离法从观音土曲中分离到7株乳酸菌（B1~B7）,测定其发酵产乳酸的量。选取乳酸产量最高的1株菌B7,提取其DNA并进行16S rDNA的PCR扩增、克隆、测序。从GenBank中选取与B7同源性最高的典型菌株,下载其16S rDNA序列,采用邻位相连法构建进化树。[结果]B1~B7的产乳酸量分别为：24.7、20.7、30.7、15.2、9.5、21.8、35.7mg/100m l;对B7的基因组DNA进行16S rDNA的PCR扩增,并对纯化后的扩增产物进行TA克隆,阳性克隆经琼脂糖凝胶电泳后在3000和1 600 bp处出现电泳条带,说明B7的16S rDNA PCR扩增产物已克隆到测序载体上。同源性分析结果表明,B7为乳杆菌属的短乳杆菌。[结论]该研究从观音土曲中分离到1株高产乳酸菌——短乳杆菌。 相似文献
18.
Pursell ZF Isoz I Lundström EB Johansson E Kunkel TA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5834):127-130
Multiple DNA polymerases participate in replicating the leading and lagging strands of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Although 50 years have passed since the first DNA polymerase was discovered, the identity of the major polymerase used for leading-strand replication is uncertain. We constructed a derivative of yeast DNA polymerase epsilon that retains high replication activity but has strongly reduced replication fidelity, particularly for thymine-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (T-dTMP) but not adenine-deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (A-dAMP) mismatches. Yeast strains with this DNA polymerase epsilon allele have elevated rates of T to A substitution mutations. The position and rate of these substitutions depend on the orientation of the mutational reporter and its location relative to origins of DNA replication and reveal a pattern indicating that DNA polymerase epsilon participates in leading-strand DNA replication. 相似文献
19.
Torres EM Sokolsky T Tucker CM Chan LY Boselli M Dunham MJ Amon A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5840):916-924
Aneuploidy is a condition frequently found in tumor cells, but its effect on cellular physiology is not known. We have characterized one aspect of aneuploidy: the gain of extra chromosomes. We created a collection of haploid yeast strains that each bear an extra copy of one or more of almost all of the yeast chromosomes. Their characterization revealed that aneuploid strains share a number of phenotypes, including defects in cell cycle progression, increased glucose uptake, and increased sensitivity to conditions interfering with protein synthesis and protein folding. These phenotypes were observed only in strains carrying additional yeast genes, which indicates that they reflect the consequences of additional protein production as well as the resulting imbalances in cellular protein composition. We conclude that aneuploidy causes not only a proliferative disadvantage but also a set of phenotypes that is independent of the identity of the individual extra chromosomes. 相似文献