共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 406 毫秒
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松树、针叶树和被子植物上散斑壳属真菌是广泛分布的,欧州赤松Pinus sylvestris上最常见的有松针散斑壳Lophodermium pinastri、扰乱散斑壳L.seditiosum和针叶树散斑壳L.conigenum。用自然界中产生的子囊孢子作接 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,34(2)
[目的 ]揭示赤松枯梢病不同病级针叶的内部细菌多样性及群落结构。[方法 ]利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学技术,对针阔混交林(赤松Pinus densiflora—麻栎Quercus acutissima)和针叶混交林(赤松—黑松Pinus thunbergii)两种林型中赤松无病斑和不同染病程度针叶内的细菌16s rRNA基因的v3-v4区进行测序和分析。[结果 ]针阔混交林的针叶中细菌有效序列388 587条,共计679个OTU,分属28个门、69个纲、205个属;在针叶混交林的赤松针叶中的细菌有效序列336 600条,共计656个OTU,分属29个门、65个纲、190个属;在针阔混交林和针叶混交林中,赤松无病斑针叶内生细菌的多样性显著高于染病针叶;无病斑针叶中相对丰度较高的内生细菌菌属为Massilia、Endobacter、Bryocella、Sphingomonas,染病针叶中乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、Bryocella、Endobacter、甲基杆菌属(Methylobacterium)、Singulisphaera相对丰度升高,Massilia和Sphingomonas占比下降;主成分分析结果显示,枯梢病侵染较严重的针叶细菌聚在一起,与无病斑针叶以及染病程度较轻的针叶细菌相区分。[结论 ]枯梢病菌的侵染影响了内生细菌的群落结构和多样性,不同混交林中赤松针叶内生细菌受枯梢病菌影响变化趋势一致,细菌多样性及相对丰度随枯梢病的加重而降低。 相似文献
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五针松落叶病是五针松最严重的病害。此病分布极广，自东北至华南均有发生，其病原为松针散斑壳病菌侵染所致。此菌寄生种类较多，对五针松的幼苗及成苗的针叶都可侵染危害。 发病症状：五针松发病后，针叶上开始出现黄绿相间的段斑，到8月初病斑逐渐扩大，并由黄绿色转为红褐色，病叶开始脱落。至11月份病叶由红褐色转成黄褐色，并在病斑上产生许多小黑点，即性孢子器，此时针叶大部分脱落，部分病叶到第2年春天脱落。第2年3、4月间，在落叶上产生具有光泽的小黑点，即病菌的子囊盘。子囊盘突破表面组织，形似黑痣，盘中夹有1条纵向裂… 相似文献
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《中国森林病虫》2014,(1)
通过绿色木霉Trichoderma viride、哈茨木霉T.harzianum对松落针病不同病原菌平板对峙培养及两种木霉粗提液对松落针病病原菌菌丝生长抑制试验研究表明:72 h时,哈茨木霉对针叶树散斑壳的抑制率为42.86%,对光亮散斑壳的抑制率为48.44%,绿色木霉对小环绵盘菌的抑制率为33.33%;两种木霉粗提液混合培养基法的试验效果均好于平板涂抹法;两种木霉粗提液对病原菌抑制效果最好的为绿色木霉的混合培养基法,对针叶树散斑壳Lophodermiurn conigenum、光亮散斑壳L.nitens、小环绵盘菌Cyclaneusula minus的抑菌率分别为64.3%,55.42%,61.44%。 相似文献
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《中国森林病虫》2017,(3)
2014年3月—2015年10月系统调查了甘肃太统—崆峒山国家级自然保护区松落针病的发生危害并进行药剂防治试验。结果为:经形态学鉴定,引起该地区松落针病的病原菌为斑痣盘菌科Rhystimataceae 2属4种,即针叶树散斑壳菌Lophodermium conigenum、松针散斑壳菌L.pinastri、光亮散斑壳菌L.nitens、华山松舟皮盘菌Ploioderma pini-armandi,其中松针散斑壳菌分布广泛,感染率高,针叶林感病率34.7%,苗木感病率32.6%;主要寄主有油松Pinus tabuliformis,华山松P.armandii和樟子松P.sylvestris var.mongolica;几种常用药剂防治,45%代森铵200~300倍液防治率为86%,防治效果最佳。 相似文献
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对散斑壳属真菌分类研究进展进行论述,重点记述我国松树上散斑壳属中28个种的寄主及分布,对散斑壳属真菌致病性研究作了阐述,并对散斑壳属真菌的研究现状及前景进行了分析和展望。 相似文献
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通过对章古台沙地樟子松、赤松、油松等3种不同针叶树种天然更新对比试验,结果表明,3种针叶树1年生天然更新强度分别为3 594～5 133、20 300～50 000和8 300～13 900株.hm-2;赤松天然更新的强度好于油松,油松好于樟子松;樟子松天然更新1年生幼苗较难越冬,经覆盖后幼苗越冬成活率达66%;赤松、油松1年生幼苗相对较易越冬,越冬成活率分别为17.20%和20%,经覆盖后幼苗越冬成活率分别为54.94%和51.28%。因此,应采取人工促进措施进行樟子松、赤松、油松天然更新。 相似文献
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油松落针病的发生与土壤条件关系的分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
文章对辽宁东部地区油松落针病的发生与土壤条件的关系进行了研究分析,结果表明:在7个县的油松发病林分内共有4种森林土壤类型,分别为石质棕色森林土、暗棕色森林土、草甸棕色森林土、生草棕色森林土。石质棕色森林土类型发病率(86.34%)和发病指数(50.01)最高。土壤肥力测定显示共同规律是随着土壤中速效氮、速效磷、钙和镁含量的减少而油松落针病均呈现病情加重的趋势,速效氮含量比正常下降了87.73%,表现最明显。发病林分的土壤pH值皆呈弱酸性,林分病情随着土壤的pH值减小而加重。 相似文献
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Young Hee Joung Jerry L. Hill Jung Oh Hyun Ding Mu Juchun Luo Do Hyung Lee Takayuki Kawahara Jeung Keun Suh Mark S. Roh 《林业研究》2013,24(1):53-60
To confirm a hybrid swarm population of Pinus densiflora × P. sylvestris in Jilin, China, we used needles and seeds from P. densiflora, P. sylvestris, and P. densiflora × P. sylvestris collected from natural stands or experimental stations to study whether shoot apex morphology of 4- year old seedlings can be correlated with the sequence of a chloroplast DNA simple sequence repeat marker (cpDNA SSRs). Total genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to sequence analysis of the pine cpDNA SSR marker Pt15169. Results show that morphological characters from 4-year old seedlings did not correlate with sequence variants of this marker. Marker haplotypes from all P. sylvestris trees had a CTAT element that was absent from all sampled P. densiflora trees. However, both haplotype classes involving this insertion/deletion element were found in a P. densiflora × P. sylvestris population and its seedling progeny. It was concluded that the P. densiflora × P. sylvestris accessions sampled from Jilin, China resulted from bi-directional crosses, as evidenced by both species’ cpDNA haplotypes within the hybrid swarm population. 相似文献
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本文对赤松天然更新的规律进行了调查，并对人工促进更新技术进行了研究。结果表明，赤松初果期为１２ａ，盛果期为５１ａ，公最大更新幅度为４０ｍ；更新幼苗幼树的７０％以上集中分布在距母树９ｍ或树高１．２倍以内。人工促进效果以拖拉机耙和人工耧地好；只要耧掉草皮，移栽７－８ａ幼树，３－４ａ就可达到更新指标；单位面积上培育母树的数量随时间长而减少。 相似文献
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To accelerate the breeding and selection of Pinus densiflora Siebold and Zucc. resistance to pine wilt disease, a micropropagation system was established and nematode resistance evaluated in vitro. Cotyledon-hypocotyl explants from 28-day-old seedlings were first cultured on Gresshoff and Doy medium supplemented with 4.0 mg L-1 6-benzyladenine and 0.2 mg L-1 a-naphthaleneacetic acid(NAA) to stimulate the formation of buds. Induced buds were subsequently subcultured on Gupta and Durzan medium supplemented with 0.1%(w/v)activated charcoal for elongation. Stem sections derived from shoots were used as explants for the further multiplication. Roots were formed from shoots transferred to woody plant medium containing 0.2 mg L-1 NAA for4 weeks. The nematode resistance test showed that symptoms in micropropagated shoots after infection with pine wood nematode(PWN) were similar to those in plants infected in the field. The wilting rate varied from 20 to100% among different clones 18 days after inoculation.The most susceptible clone was Clone 6-4 with a 100%wilting rate, while Clone 8-4 showed a relatively high resistance with a 20% wilting rate. The number of nematodes recovered from Clone 8-4 shoots was significantly lower(P = 0.05) than from Clones 5-10 and 16-4. This work contributes to the breeding of PWN resistance in P.densiflora. 相似文献
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为了评价从日本引进的抗松材线虫病赤松通过无性快繁获得的再生植株在我国的生长状况.本研究对田间试种的抗病赤松6个家系12个无性系共688株再生植株进行跟踪监测.结果表明,抗病赤松0.5年生再生植株试种成活率明显低于2.5年、2年、1.5年及1年生再生植株;不同无性系间抗病赤松再生植株生长状况存在明显差异.其中,1#-A和5#-5无性系再生植株生长较好.菌根化造林试验表明,两种外生菌根菌美味牛肝菌(Be)和黄色须腹菌(R1)对抗病赤松1#-A5代、8代再生植株具有明显促生效果.此研究为今后抗病赤松再生植株造林育种提供了参考依据. 相似文献
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Growth and nutrient uptake of ectomycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris seedlings in a natural substrate treated with elevated Al concentrations 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Models of the effects of elevated concentrations of aluminum (Al) on growth and nutrient uptake of forest trees frequently ignore the effects of mycorrhizal fungi. In this study, we present novel data indicating that ectomycorrhizal mycelia may prevent leaching of base cations and Al. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Pinus sylvestris L. seedlings were grown in sand obtained from the B-horizon of a local forest. In Experiment 1, non-mycorrhizal seedlings and seedlings inoculated with Hebeloma cf. longicaudum (Pers.: Fr.) Kumm. ss. Lange or Laccaria bicolor (Maire) Orton were provided with nutrient solution containing 2.5 mM Al. Aluminum did not affect growth of non-mycorrhizal seedlings or seedlings inoculated with L. bicolor. Seedlings colonized by H. cf. longicaudum had the highest biomass production of all seedlings grown without added Al, but the fungus did not tolerate Al. Shoots of seedlings colonized by L. bicolor had the lowest nitrogen (N) concentrations but the highest phosphorus (P) concentrations of all seedlings. The treatments had small but significant effects on shoot and root Al concentrations. In Experiment 2, inoculation with L. bicolor was factorially combined with the addition of a complete nutrient solution, or a solution lacking the base cations K, Ca and Mg, and solutions containing 0 or 0.74 mM Al. Seedling growth decreased in response to 0.74 mM Al, but the effect was significant only for non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Mycorrhizal seedlings generally had higher P concentrations than non-mycorrhizal seedlings. Aluminum reduced P uptake in non-mycorrhizal plants but had no effect on P uptake in mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal colonization increased the pH of the soil solution by about 0.5 units and addition of Al decreased the pH by the same amount. We conclude that the presence of ectomycorrhizal mycelia decreased leaching of base cations and Al from the soil. 相似文献