共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
运用石蜡切片技术和叶片解离技术对豆科6种植物的叶片特征进行研究,利用光学显微镜观察了3属6种豆科植物的叶表皮及叶片解剖结构,统计并测量了表皮细胞形状、垂周壁式样、表皮细胞面积、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔指数、表皮厚度、叶片厚度、叶肉厚度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度等相关的特征,并分析了叶片特征在种属之间存在的异同。结果表明:3属6种植物的气孔在上下表皮均有分布,气孔类型为不规则型,气孔形状均为椭圆形。表皮细胞形状、垂周壁式样、气孔密度、气孔指数、下表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度等指标在种属之间存在差异且具有一定的规律。分析显示:锦鸡儿属两种植物与草木樨属两种植物亲缘关系较近。 相似文献
2.
不同叶龄鸭跖草对咪唑乙烟酸的耐药性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸭跖草是黑龙江省大豆田危害严重的恶性杂草,而且其叶龄愈大愈难防除。作者通过盆栽试验及细胞显微技术研究不同叶龄鸭跖草对咪唑乙烟酸的耐药性差异及其与叶片显微结构的关系。结果显示,鸭跖草随着叶龄增大,对咪唑乙烟酸的耐药性增强,并在3叶龄时出现拐点;随着叶龄的增大,叶片表皮气孔密度显著下降;叶片厚度、叶片上下表皮厚度、栅栏组织及海绵组织厚度显著增大;10个栅栏组织细胞长度显著减小,栅栏组织排列由稀疏不规则向紧密规则的方向发展。以上变化是鸭跖草对咪唑乙烟酸耐药性增强的原因之一。 相似文献
3.
桃叶片组织解剖结构特征与其抗旱性关系的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
对6个栽培桃品种的叶片组织结构进行解剖观察、比较、描述,并测定了叶片结构参数。结果表明,各品种间叶片厚度、表皮毛密度、上表皮细胞大小、气孔密度、栅栏组织厚度、海绵组织厚度、叶片组织结构紧密度、疏松度、栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比等指标差异较大。表皮厚度、角质层厚度、气孔长度各品种间无明显差异。其中气孔密度大,栅栏组织较厚,叶片组织紧密度大、疏松度小,栅栏组织/海绵组织厚度比较高,上表皮细胞较小者抗旱性较强。 相似文献
4.
干旱胁迫环境下的胡杨叶片气孔变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究胡杨叶片气孔特征有助于解读干旱胁迫环境下的水分利用特征和抗旱机理。本文选取塔里木河下游英苏、阿拉干、依干布及麻3个典型断面,以胡杨为研究对象,探讨不同干旱胁迫梯度下胡杨叶片气孔密度与气孔长度的变化规律,分析胡杨雌、雄株在干旱胁迫下的响应差异。结果显示:(1)胡杨叶片气孔密度随干旱胁迫程度的增加呈上升趋势,而叶片气孔长度随干旱胁迫程度的加大呈减小趋势;(2)干旱胁迫环境下,胡杨雌、雄株叶片的气孔密度和气孔长度的变化率存在一定差异,表现为在干旱胁迫环境下,胡杨雄株的叶片下表皮气孔密度增长率较小,而胡杨雌株叶片的下表皮气孔长度负增长率显著大于雄性的下表皮;(3)胡杨叶片气孔密度和长度的变化反映胡杨雌、雄株的抗干旱能力,从胡杨叶片的气孔密度与气孔长度的变化结果显示,在干旱胁迫环境下,胡杨雄株的保水能力和耐受能力强于雌株。 相似文献
5.
牛筋草是一年生禾本科恶性杂草, 在我国黄淮海流域及长江以南地区的农田危害严重。草甘膦是一种优良的非选择性除草剂, 随着生物育种产业化的推进, 草甘膦会逐步在玉米、大豆等作物田登记应用。育种基地抗草甘膦杂草的产生是其快速传播的潜在因素。为明确三亚一育种基地牛筋草种群对草甘膦的敏感性, 本研究利用生物测定、分子生物学等方法检测了待测种群的抗性水平, 并分析了可能的分子机制。结果发现, 草甘膦对牛筋草种群的生长抑制中量为2 053.0 g/hm2(有效成分用量), 抗性指数(RI)为5.0; 靶标基因EPSPS的保守区域无突变, 但相对表达量是敏感种群的47.4倍; 抗性植株中EPSPS蛋白的浓度是敏感植株的17.1倍。以上结果表明, 该牛筋草种群对草甘膦产生了中等水平抗性, 靶标基因过量表达是其抗性机制之一。 相似文献
6.
采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR测定了田旋花不同组织、不同叶龄的EPSPS基因mRNA的相对表达量以及草甘膦对EPSPS基因相对表达量的影响。结果表明:田旋花EPSPS基因在不同组织表达量差异显著,在叶的表达量高于茎和根;该基因在9叶期的表达量最高,是3叶期的1.5倍;在草甘膦处理后,田旋花EPSPS基因的表达量先升高后降低,在处理后24h达最大值。随草甘膦剂量增加,该基因的表达量升高。研究结果可为深入解析田旋花对草甘膦耐药性机理提供参考。 相似文献
7.
胡杨不同发育阶段叶片形态解剖学特征及其与胸径的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用MSR-9600TFU2扫描仪和常规石蜡切片,分析胡杨不同发育阶段叶片形态解剖学特征及其与胸径的关系。结果表明:1叶片宽、叶面积、气孔密度、厚度均随胸径增加沿树冠基部向顶部方向逐渐增大,叶片长和叶形指数则随胸径增加沿树冠基部向顶部方向逐渐减小。2叶片上下表皮细胞数和表皮细胞长、栅栏组织厚度、栅栏组织细胞长和宽均随胸径增加沿树冠基部向顶部方向逐渐增大;海绵组织厚度随胸径的增加而逐渐减小,树冠基部向顶部方向则逐渐增大。3相关分析显示,叶片宽、叶面积和叶片厚度分别与胸径呈极显著/显著正相关,叶形指数与胸径呈极显著负相关;叶片栅栏组织厚度、表皮细胞数、表皮组织厚度、表皮细胞长分别与胸径呈极显著/显著正相关,海绵组织厚度与胸径呈极显著负相关;叶片形态指标与解剖结构指标间也存在正/负相关关系,表明胡杨叶形态结构变化与个体发育阶段密切相关。 相似文献
8.
田旋花对草甘膦的耐药性机制 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
在温室条件下,测定了草甘膦对田旋花与打碗花生长的抑制作用及其体内莽草酸含量变化的影响,比较了两者5-烯醇丙酮莽草酸-3-磷酸合成酶（5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate syn-thase,EPSPS）基因及编码氨基酸的差异,以探讨田旋花对草甘膦的耐药性机制。结果表明,田旋花对草甘膦的耐药性较高,GR50值（有效成分）为2834.04g/hm2;打碗花相对敏感,GR50值为210.63 g/hm2。经有效成分922.50 g/hm2草甘膦处理后,耐药性高的田旋花体内莽草酸积累缓慢,处理后7天达到峰值,为397.69μg/g;而打碗花体内莽草酸含量呈现持续快速升高的趋势,处理后13天达到峰值,为1 299.52μg/g。克隆获得的田旋花和打碗花编码EPSPS cDNA长度相同,均为1 707 bp,编码520个氨基酸,两者在EPSPS保守区内存在不同的氨基酸位点,田旋花的第101位为极性丝氨酸,而打碗花为非极性苯丙氨酸。 相似文献
9.
药液表面张力和黏度对草甘膦药效的影响及其机理研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过添加有机硅助剂和丙三醇调节草甘膦药液的表面张力和黏度,测定其对草甘膦药液液滴的物理性状及生物活性的影响。结果表明：降低药液的表面张力,雾滴的铺展直径增加,干燥时间缩短,药液的黏度以及在杂草叶片表面的最大稳定持留量没有显著性变化;草甘膦对杂草的防效表现为先升高后降低,对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草防效可提高37%和37%。增加草甘膦的药液黏度,药液在杂草叶片上的最大稳定持留量增加,表面张力降低,对雾滴的干燥时间和铺展直径影响很小;草甘膦对阔叶杂草最高目测防效和鲜重防效可提高42%和41%,对禾本科杂草的防效可提高42%和42%。适当降低草甘膦药液的表面张力或增加其黏度均可提高其对杂草的防除效果。 相似文献
10.
限根条件下供氮对玉米光合作用有关生理特性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以玉米为供试作物,在遮雨棚内进行了微区田间试验,在不同水分与供氮条件下,分期测定了玉米自由水与束缚水比值和细胞汁液浓度、气孔导度和细胞间隙CO2浓度、核酮糖-1,5二磷酸羧化酶(RuBPCase)活性和叶绿素含量、以及叶片的光合速率和作物产量,研究供氮对玉米光合作用有关生理特性的影响。结果表明,氮素对光合生理特性的影响受水分供应状况的制约:水分供应较好时,供氮提高了叶片自由水与束缚水比值,降低了叶肉细胞汁液和细胞间隙CO2浓度;增加了气孔导度,提高了RuBPCase活性和叶绿素含量,既有利于改善气孔因素,也有利于改善非气孔因素,显著提高光合速率和作物产量。水分胁迫较轻时,供氮降低了气孔导度,增加了CO2进入气孔的阻力,不利于光合作用,但却提高了叶片自由水与束缚水比值,降低了叶肉细胞汁液和细胞间隙CO2浓度,增加了RuBPCase活性和叶绿素含量。在这种情况下,光合作用的气孔因素受到影响,非气孔因素不但没有减弱,反而有所增强,因而光合速率和产量都有所提高。水分胁迫严重时,供氮不但抑制了光合作用的气孔因素,还更严重地抑制了非气孔因素,导致光合速率和作物产量严重下降。供氮对光合作用影响的水分依赖性为调控氮素营养提供了有力依据。 相似文献
11.
Study of the stomata and leaf epidermis of eight Lycopersicon species has revealed a relationship between frequency of stomata, stomatal size and some morphological leaf characteristics, and resistance to bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. Significant correlations were found between the stomatal frequency in both adaxial and abaxial leaf epidermis and the number of bacterial lesions per leaf area ( r = 0.70 and 0.68, respectively) and the frequency of stomata in both adaxial and abaxial epidermis and disease incidence (percentage of diseased plants) ( r =0.87 and 0.80, respectively) for all the Lycopersicon species and one hybrid tested. A correlation was also found between disease incidence and number of bacterial lesions per leaf area ( r = 0.85). The length and width of stomata were correlated with frequency of stomata in adaxial and abaxial epidermis ( r = 0.85, 0.75, 0.89 and 0.90, respectively). The stomatal width was correlated with the number of bacterial lesions per cm2 ( r =0.82; P = 0.0065). Scanning electron microscopic studies of the leaf surface and stomata indicated that other morphological features such as the raised stomatal complex in L. hirsutum and persistent, hydrophobic waxy coating of the epidermis in L. peruvianum may also be relevant in disease response. 相似文献
12.
叶片气孔分布及生理特征对环境胁迫的响应 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
从干旱、遮荫、盐胁迫、重金属以及CO2浓度5个方面综述了植物叶片的气孔分布及其特性在不同胁迫环境下出现的形态和生理差异。结果表明:(1)干旱胁迫导致大多数植物叶片的气孔密度增大,气孔开度减少,而气孔的分布则随物种和胁迫程度不同而出现差异。(2)遮荫环境导致多数植物的气孔数量和气孔密度减小,气孔的形状发生改变,植物的气孔导度和净光合速率均明显降低。(3)盐胁迫将减少植物的叶片面积,改变叶片的组织结构,增加叶片的气孔密度,降低植物的气孔导度和净光合速率。(4)重金属胁迫则导致植物的气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度均呈现降低趋势。(5)大多数研究都表明叶片的外部形态及其气体交换等特征在提升CO2浓度后将受到显著影响。 相似文献
13.
Peter J. G. Stevens Robyn E. Gaskin Sung-Ok Hong Jerzy A. Zabkiewicz 《Pest management science》1991,33(3):371-382
Radiolabelled deoxyglucose (DOG) and glyphosate were used to investigate the effects of certain non-ionic surfactants on the kinetics of foliar uptake in three species. ‘Silwet L-77’ (5 g litre?1), an organosilicone surfactant, enabled spray solutions to infiltrate stomata, providing uptake of DOG into Vicia bean (50%), oat (35%) and wheat (20%) within 10 min of application. ‘Silwet Y-12301’, another organosilicone, also induced stomatal infiltration but to a lesser extent; unlike L-77, this was attenuated by partial stomatal closure. A third organosilicone, ‘Silwet L-7607’, and two conventional surfactants, ‘Triton X-45’ (OP5) and ‘Agral 90’ (NP9), did not induce stomatal infiltration. The effective minimum concentration of L-77 required to enable infiltration of stomata was 2 g litre?1. The uptake of glyphosate into bean did not differ from that of DOG but the ‘Roundup’ formulation of glyphosate partially antagonised the infiltration provided by L-77. Addition of surfactants did not increase the rate of cuticular penetration of DOG into bean but total uptake was increased, except by NP9, either via infiltration (L-77 and Y-12301) or by extending the period during which penetration occurred (L-7607 and OP5). The surfactants had a variable effect on rates of penetration of DOG into wheat and oat. In general, foliar uptake followed an exponential timecourse which was largely complete within 6 h and only rarely approached 100% of the applied chemical. The stomatal infiltration provided by L-77 caused an increase in translocation of DOG in bean. 相似文献
14.
将具有我国自主知识产权的抗虫、耐除草剂基因转化到玉米中获得兼具抗虫和耐除草剂的复合性状转基因玉米,实现了玉米复杂性状的有效改良,研究了转耐除草剂CC-2基因和可表达Bt毒素的cry1Ac基因的双抗玉米对除草剂的耐受性及目标蛋白表达量。通过调查喷施除草剂后玉米植株存活率及株高和生长发育情况,研究了转抗虫耐除草剂基因玉米‘CC-2×BT799’、抗虫玉米‘BT799’、耐除草剂玉米‘CC-2’,以及常规玉米‘郑58’在田间对除草剂的耐受性,并用ELISA测定了供试品种中CP4EPSPS和Cry1Ac蛋白含量。对草甘膦的耐受性试验表明,转复合基因玉米‘CC-2×BT799’与单抗草甘膦品种‘CC-2’对草甘膦均具有良好的耐受性。心叶期喷施草甘膦推荐施用剂量中量和2倍剂量对其株高和后期生长发育无不良影响。ELISA检测显示,CP4EPSPS蛋白在雄穗中的表达量较叶片稍高。且双抗品种‘CC-2×BT799’较‘CC-2’中的CP4EPSPS蛋白含量稍高。在雄穗中,‘BT799’的Cry1Ac蛋白含量与‘CC-2×BT799’相当。在叶片中,‘BT799’的Cry1Ac蛋白含量约为‘CC-2×BT799’的2倍。抗虫耐除草剂玉米能够有效抵御草甘膦的喷施,Cry1Ac蛋白含量在不同品种不同组织中存在差异。 相似文献
15.
苏门白酒草Conyza sumatrensis是中国华南地区常见的阔叶杂草,在果园和非耕地常造成严重危害。本研究采用整株剂量反应法,明确了采自广东省广州市的苏门白酒草疑似抗性种群 (GZ-R) 对草甘膦、百草枯和敌草快的抗性水平,比对了GZ-R种群和采自广东省清远市的敏感对照种群 (QY-S) 的草甘膦靶标酶基因EPSPS2片段的差异,并测定了灭草松、氯氟吡氧乙酸等5种茎叶处理剂对不同叶龄苏门白酒草的室内防除效果。结果表明:GZ-R种群对草甘膦和百草枯分别产生了中等水平和高水平抗性,并已对敌草快产生交互抗性,3种药剂对GZ-R种群的LD50值分别是对QY-S种群LD50值的7.2、72.3和6.6倍;与QY-S种群相比,GZ-R种群的EPSPS2基因106位由脯氨酸突变为苏氨酸。在灭草松、氯氟吡氧乙酸或2甲4氯钠推荐剂量下,于4~5叶期施药,苏门白酒草死亡率均为100%,但于6~7叶期和10~12叶期施药,苏门白酒草死亡率显著下降至44.4%~91.7%;而在草铵膦或苯嘧磺草胺推荐剂量下,不同叶龄期施药苏门白酒草的死亡率均为100%,因此在植株生长早期可使用草铵膦和苯嘧磺草胺防除已对草甘膦和百草枯等除草剂产生抗性的苏门白酒草。 相似文献
16.
Peter S. Solomon T. J. Greer Wilson Kasia Rybak Kerrie Parker Rohan G. T. Lowe Richard P. Oliver 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(3):275-282
The interaction between Stagonospora nodorum and a susceptible wheat cultivar was investigated using a range of microscopic techniques. Germination of pycnidiospores
occurred approximately 3 h after making contact with the leaf surface and was followed by attempted penetration 8–12 h later.
Penetration was observed through stomata and also directly through periclinal and anticlinal epidermal cell walls. Penetration
down the anticlinal cell walls appeared to occur without a differentiated penetrating structure whilst structures identified
as either lateral appressoria or hyphopodia were typically present when penetrating over a periclinal cell wall. Once inside
the leaf, the fungus continued to grow for the next 4–5 days colonising all parts of the leaf except the vascular bundles.
Only in the later phase of the infection was total host cell collapse apparent. Evidence of polyphenolic compounds was observed.
The infection cycle was completed within 7 days as indicated by sporulation on the leaf surface. These results have allowed
us to understand how the fungus physically interacts with the leaf and will help the overall understanding of the infection
process. 相似文献
17.
Physiological and molecular mechanisms of glyphosate tolerance in an in vitro selected cotton mutant
《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2009,95(2-3):100-106
We have selected an upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cell line (R1098) that is highly tolerant to glyphosate. This cell line was developed by in vitro selection with gradually increasing glyphosate concentrations, and its mechanisms conferring glyphosate tolerance were studied. Based on a whole-plant dose–response bioassay, R1098 plants were tolerant to glyphosate at a concentration of 1500 g ae ha−1 glyphosate (1.5× the recommended field rate) whereas the control plants (Coker 312) were unable to survive at 150 g ae ha−1 glyphosate. Coker 312 accumulated 13.1 times more shikimate in leaves at 5 days after glyphosate treatment (1500 g ae ha−1) than that of R1098. Two distinct cDNAs for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), EPSPS-1 and EPSPS-2, were isolated from R1098. Both cDNAs were 97.7% identical within the common protein-coding region and the predicted sequences of the mature proteins were greater than 83% identical with EPSPS proteins from other known higher plants. In comparison to the glyphosate-susceptible cotton Coker 312, sequence analysis of the EPSPS-1 gene indicated that R1098 has an alanine insertion at nucleotide position 1216 resulting in frameshift. It leads to two copy functional EPSPS genes in R1098. There was no difference between R1098 and Coker 312 in EPSPS mRNA levels before glyphosate treatment. However, its treatment caused a 2–4 times increase in the basal EPSPS mRNA level in R1098. 相似文献