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1.
常用土壤杀菌剂和肥料对绿色木霉菌T23的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用常规土壤微生物分离和真菌生物量测定等方法,检测6种常用土壤杀菌剂多菌灵、甲基托布津、福美双、代森锰锌、百菌清和五氯硝基苯;3种肥料尿素、过磷酸钙和硫酸钾;以及8种营养元素铜、锌、铁、钼、钙、锰、镁和钾对绿色木霉菌菌株T23菌丝生长、产孢及其在土壤中定殖的影响.不同杀菌剂、肥料和营养元素及其不同处理浓度处理对木霉菌株T23菌丝生长、产孢和定殖的影响差异显著,多菌灵和甲基托布津、尿素、硫酸锌和硫酸镁具有明显的抑制作用,20μg/mL多菌灵、甲基托布津原药对菌株123菌丝生长抑制率分别为100.0%和79.0%;0.23%尿素处理土壤21天后对根际定殖抑制率为35.6%;100mg/L硫酸锌和1000mg/L硫酸镁处理土壤21天后对木霉菌定殖的抑制率分别为31.1%和15.9%.适量应用代森锰锌、硫酸钾及二钼酸铵、硫酸钙、磷酸二氢钾等有利于木霉菌根际定殖. 相似文献
2.
哈茨木霉菌T21转化体生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究表明,木霉菌转化体孢子萌发率有的高于野生菌株,如菌株Ttrm3,有的低于野生菌株,如菌株Ttrm47和Ttrm94;菌株Ttrm34产孢能力极显著高于野生菌株T21,而菌株Ttrm94和Ttrm111极显著低于野生菌株T21,菌株Ttrm111根本不产孢;对高温的适应能力也存在差异,其中菌株Ttrm31、Ttrm34、Ttrm47和Ttrm76比较耐高温,而菌株Ttrm55、Ttrm94和Ttrm111较差,短时间高温处理能够促进木霉菌转化体生长。不同木霉菌对低温(15℃)的适应也不同,菌株Ttrm76、Ttrm31和Ttrm55生长速度快于野生菌株T21,而菌株Ttrm94和Ttrm111生长明显慢于T21;在20~30℃范围内,菌株Ttrm31、T21、Ttrm34和Ttrm55生长速度基本一致,生长较快,菌株Ttrm94生长却很慢;超过30℃,菌株Ttrm76、Ttrm111和Ttrm47生长比较快,生长速度大于T21。不同pH条件下,木霉菌转化体培养形态和产孢方式均有变化。木霉菌转化体利用氮源较好的是蛋白质和天冬氨酸,碳源较好的是麦芽糖和葡萄糖。不同木霉菌转化体培养性状也不同,如菌株Ttrm111不产孢;菌株Ttrm94产孢少,两者培养颜色为黄色,而其他菌株为绿色。 相似文献
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为了分离利用高效植物病害生物防治菌株,从广东药用植物金丝皇菊根部分离获得一株木霉菌株Tk1。经过形态观察、rDNA-ITS和EF-1α序列分析明确其为拟康宁木霉Trichoderma koningiopsis。用平板对峙培养法测定,该菌株对金丝皇菊枯萎病菌（尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum）和柑橘炭疽病菌（胶胞炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）的抑制率分别为68.5%和77.1%,且在后期能完全覆盖或部分覆盖病原真菌。其无菌发酵液对金丝皇菊枯萎病菌的抑制率为45.55%。该菌株营养生长和产孢的最适碳源分别为乳糖和葡萄糖,最适氮源是酵母膏;在pH 4~11的培养基上均可生长、产孢,最适pH为7;12 h交替光照条件下菌丝的生长速度最快,全光照条件下产孢数量最大;该菌株的致死温度为73℃处理10 min。 相似文献
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营养元素对木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病效果的影响 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
为明确各种营养元素在木霉菌防治甜瓜枯萎病生防体系中的作用,研究了9种营养元素铜、锌、铁、硼、钼、钙、锰、镁及钾对甜瓜枯萎病菌菌丝生长、木霉菌T23菌丝生长及产孢量、甜瓜种子萌发及根系生长的影响.结果表明:10～1000μg/mL的硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁及硼酸对镰孢菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制作用,而对木霉菌的抑制作用远小于镰孢菌.适量加入钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁、硫酸钙及磷酸二氢钾有利于木霉菌菌丝生长及孢子形成,对甜瓜种子萌发及胚根生长也有较强的刺激作用.木霉菌结合钼酸铵、硫酸锰和硫酸钙处理土壤能显著降低甜瓜枯萎病的病情指数,相对防效分别为73.95%、73.77%和71.36%. 相似文献
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生防棘孢木霉T31菌株的分离筛选及其生物学特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评价具有生防潜力的棘孢木霉,采用平板对峙法、对扣培养法、圆盘滤膜法从长白山土样中分离筛选出木霉菌株T31,结合形态学及分子生物学分析对其进行种类鉴定,并采用菌丝生长法研究了该菌株的生物学特性。所分离的菌株T31被鉴定为棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum,该菌株对8种靶标菌的抑菌率在44.49%~77.91%之间,其中,对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、核盘菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、腐霉菌Pythiumuhtimum sp.及镰刀菌Fusarium sp.均有较强生长竞争优势,对玉米灰斑病菌Magnaporthe oryzae具明显重寄生作用。菌株T31的最适培养基为PDA培养基,最适生长温度为30 ℃、最适产孢温度为25 ℃,最适pH值为6。持续光照可以促进木霉菌孢子产生,Zn2+、Mn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+利于菌丝生长,但是高浓度的Fe2+和Cu2+抑制菌丝生长,Mn2+和Mg2+可促进产孢。此外,与普通木霉菌相比,该菌株具有耐寒性及耐盐性。 相似文献
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为优化拮抗菌长枝木霉Trichoderma longibrachiatum T6生防菌剂的固体发酵条件，本研究以生产中的废弃物草炭、蛭石、牛粪为主要培养基成分，采用单因素试验和响应面法，对长枝木霉T6生防菌剂在不同发酵条件下的产孢量进行测定并优化，分析了含水量、接种量、透气性等因子对该菌株生长的影响，并通过盆栽试验研究了该木霉菌剂对辣椒植株生长的影响及其对辣椒立枯病防治效果。单因素试验表明：长枝木霉T6生防菌剂产孢量的最优发酵条件为含水量60%、接种量30%、透气性9层纱布、温度28℃、pH 5.6，通过试验分析，并确定含水量、接种量、透气性为影响产孢量的3个重要因素；响应面分析得到最佳发酵条件：含水量64%、接种量27%、透气性9层纱布，在此优化条件下产孢量高达8.4×108 cfu/g。从促生效果来看，土壤与木霉菌剂50：1的处理表现出较强的促生作用，与对照1（不施任何肥料）相比，其株高、地上鲜重、根系鲜重、基部茎粗、根系长度的相对增长率分别为54.90%、82.46%、89.19%、56.41%和46.62%；盆栽试验表现为施入木霉菌剂的辣椒粗壮、高大，叶片深绿，根系发达。在病害防治试验中发现，长枝木霉T6生防菌剂对辣椒立枯病具有良好的防治效果，可有效控制病害的蔓延，防效达到54.8%，与化学农药多菌灵相比，相对防效提高了12.5%。 相似文献
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为明确青海省樱桃叶斑病菌链格孢Alternaria alternata的生物学特性及筛选出对其防效最佳的药剂,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子计数法研究了不同培养条件对该病原菌菌丝生长和产孢量的影响,并用菌丝生长抑制率法对9种杀菌剂进行室内毒力测定。结果表明,菌丝生长和产孢的最适培养基分别为马铃薯蔗糖琼脂(PSA)培养基和马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(PDA)培养基,最适温度为25℃, 最适氮源为蛋白胨,最适碳源分别为肌醇和乳糖,最适pH分别为6~8和6~7,24 h持续黑暗处理更有利于菌丝生长和产孢。9种化学药剂对病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂抑菌效果最好,EC50为1.258 mg/L。该研究结果可为青海省樱桃叶斑病的防治提供理论依据。 相似文献
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以麦麸、玉米粉、稻壳、秸秆、甘蔗渣等固体基质为原料,采用单因素和正交试验,对棘孢木霉DQ-1分生孢子固体发酵基质和发酵条件进行了筛选和优化;并通过盆栽试验研究了其发酵产物对黄瓜、辣椒、番茄和西瓜幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：以单一麦麸为发酵基质时,棘孢木霉DQ-1产孢量最大,发酵5 d产孢量为1.51×109 CFU/g;以麦麸：玉米粉：稻壳：硅藻土复配比例为5.8：0.5：1.7：1.0时产孢量最大,发酵5 d棘孢木霉DQ-1产孢量可达2.63×109 CFU/g。固体发酵条件以液体接种量为2%时,发酵第12 d棘孢木霉DQ-1的产孢量最高,可达7.18×109 CFU/g。盆栽试验表明,棘孢木霉菌DQ-1分生孢子粉对黄瓜、辣椒、番茄和西瓜幼苗具有明显的促进生长效果。本研究结果为棘孢木霉菌DQ-1产业化生产和应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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针对4种重要的生防真菌（虫生真菌2株、重寄生真菌1株、食线虫真菌1株）,在系统研究其碳源、氮源、碳浓度与C/N比、维生素与矿物质对其生长及产孢影响的基础上,研究液体培养与固体培养所需碳氮源的最佳组合。结果表明,液体培养适合菌丝生长和固体培养适合产孢的碳氮源组合中,球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana菌株IBC1201分别为葡萄糖与丙氨酸、麦芽糖与酵母提取物;蜡蚧轮枝菌Lecanicillium lecanii菌株CA-1-G分别为葡萄糖与明胶、葡萄糖与大豆蛋白胨;绿色木霉Trichoderma viride菌株TV-1分别为果糖与酪蛋白、纤维二糖与酵母提取物;厚垣孢普可尼亚菌Pochonia chlamydosporia菌株HSY-12-14分别为蔗糖与大豆蛋白胨、蔗糖与NaNO3。 相似文献
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顶孢霉(Acremonium hansfordii)在PDA、淀粉琼脂、查彼氏、萨氏培养基和萨氏蛋黄培养基上培养,萨氏培养基和萨氏蛋黄培养基有利于菌落生长和产孢,菌落直径和产孢量显著高于其他处理,分别为7.77 cm和7.07 cm,19.02×103、25.87×103个孢子;葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、淀粉、甘露醇、肌醇、甘油、麦芽糖8种碳源中葡萄糖、蔗糖有利于菌落的生长和产孢,菌落直径分别为7.73 cm和7.60 cm,产孢量分别为25.96×103、25.79×103个,显著高于其他处理;蛋白胨、硝酸钠、硝酸钾、氯化铵、硝酸铵、尿素6种氮源中,蛋白胨有利于菌落的生长和产孢,菌落直径为7.60 cm,产孢量为25.91×103个,显著高于其他处理。 相似文献
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H.R. Etebarian E.S. Scott T.J. Wicks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2000,106(4):329-337
Trichoderma harzianum isolate T39 and T. virens isolate DAR 74290 were evaluated as potential biological agents for control of pink rot of potato and root and stem rot of tomato caused by Phytophthora erythroseptica. Cell-free metabolites of T. virens DAR 74290 completely inhibited growth of P. erythroseptica in vitro and appeared to be fungicidal. T. virens DAR 74290 and Trichodex, a commercial formulation of T. harzianum T39, were tested for their ability to protect potato and tomato plants from disease caused by P. erythroseptica in glasshouse experiments. Trichodex and T. virens DAR 74290, alone and combined, reduced disease severity in shoots and roots of potatoes 10 weeks after inoculation with the pathogen. The yield of potatoes from plants treated with P. erythroseptica and T. virens DAR 74290 (mean of 12.9g fresh weight/pot) was significantly greater than in controls inoculated with the pathogen alone (mean of 2.1g/pot). Treatment with Trichodex alone increased the yield of tubers compared to the uninoculated controls. T. virens DAR 74290 increased the survival of tomato seedlings inoculated with the pathogen, and both this isolate and Trichodex decreased the severity of disease on tomato. 相似文献
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产芽孢细菌T99生防作用评价及其活性产物分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从京郊菜田土壤中分离获得一株具显著抗菌活性的产芽孢细菌199.室内离体测定表明其对多种植物病原真菌及细菌均具很好的抑制作用,对峙培养法测定对苹果轮纹病菌的抑菌带宽达15mm;牛津杯法测定对蜡状芽孢杆菌抑菌圈直径达24mm.温室和田间小区防治试验其对甘蓝枯萎病的防治效果分别达89.9%和81.5%,优于对照药剂多菌灵.其发酵液中的抗菌物质耐酸碱、抗热性和抗紫外照射能力强,且可用硫酸铵沉淀法和正丁醇单一溶剂提取,粗提物对蜡状芽孢杆菌的最小抑制浓度为350μg/ml. 相似文献
14.
谷斑皮蠹和黑斑皮蠹幼虫形态比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文总结了谷斑皮蠹(Trogoderma granarium Evens)和黑斑皮蠹[T:glabrum(Herbst)]幼虫的形态学研究成果,对于两种重要斑皮蠹幼虫的一些鉴别特征提出了新的见解,并指出体色和上内唇刚毛形态在鉴定两种幼虫中有重要的意义. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Isolates of Tilletia controversa and T. bromi were sampled from wheat and two Bromus species hosts, respectively, in the Pacific Northwest, and genetic variation within and among populations was determined. Fifty-one random amplified polymorphic DNA markers from eleven primers were treated as phenotypic 1 and 0 character state data to estimate similarities and analyze molecular variance (AMOVA) among populations and as putative genetic loci to carry out analyses of gene diversity. Phenotypic analysis of T. controversa and T. bromi isolates revealed two distinct clusters that were 37% similar. The T. bromi cluster was subdivided further into two groups, corresponding to host, with 40% similarity. Cluster analysis based on allele frequencies produced similar results and also supported two T. bromi groups based on host. No evidence of natural hybridization and introgression was detected between the T. controversa and T. bromi populations. Both AMOVA and gene diversity analyses detected moderate levels of differentiation among T. controversa populations, whereas T. bromi populations were highly differentiated. The level of genetic differentiation observed between the T. bromi populations on different Bromus species hosts supports the hypothesis that a high degree of host specificity exists in the wild grass-infecting smuts. We speculate that the higher level of genetic differentiation among the T. bromi populations compared with the T. controversa populations on wheat may be due to selection by a more genetically diverse host population. 相似文献
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S. Teber A. Ceylan K. Gürcan T. Candresse Ç. Ulubaş Serçe M. Akbulut S. Kaymak B. Akbaş 《Plant pathology》2019,68(4):755-763
Very limited information is available on the origin, diversity and evolution of Plum pox virus (PPV) ‘Turkey’ (T) strain. Phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of 421 isolates and complete genome sequences of 57 isolates, representing the geographical distribution of PPV-T in Turkey, revealed the existence of several monophyletic and, in some cases, geographically limited groups within the PPV-T strain (Ankara-Konya1-Kayseri, Ankara-Balkan, Istanbul, Konya2 and Balkan). PPV-T diversity (0.018%) was found to be greater than that of PPV strains D and Rec but lower than that of the M strain when including the newly described and divergent M-Istanbul isolates, suggesting a long evolutionary history for PPV-T. The European part of Turkey in the Balkans, close to Bulgaria where PPV was identified for the first time, appears as a likely centre of origin for PPV-T isolates. The colonization of various parts of Turkey by diverse isolates from that region, followed by secondary local spread, is the most likely scenario for the diffusion of PPV-T in Turkey. 相似文献
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两种赤眼蜂过寄生及其对过寄生适应能力的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
室内以米蛾Corcyra cephalonica卵为寄主研究了玉米螟赤眼蜂Trichogramma ostriniae和松毛虫赤眼蜂T. dendrolimi过寄生及其对子蜂大小和性比的影响。结果发现,在蜂卵1∶3的接蜂比例下,两种蜂均有过寄生发生,其中松毛虫赤眼蜂寄生2次的比例达到45.5%,显著高于其它寄生次数发生的比例。寄生次数显著影响羽化卵率及羽化蜂的雌性比,蜂种、寄生次数/单卵出蜂数均显著影响羽化蜂的体长。单卵羽化出1头蜂的体长显著大于单卵羽化出2头或3头蜂的体长;单卵羽化2头或3头时,松毛虫赤眼蜂体长显著大于对应羽化蜂数的玉米螟赤眼蜂体长。当单卵育出1头蜂时,两种蜂对应性别体长不存在显著差异,但同时羽化出雌雄蜂时,松毛虫赤眼蜂的雌雄蜂体长（雌蜂0.43mm,雄蜂0.38mm）显著大于单卵育出的玉米螟赤眼蜂雌蜂对应性别蜂的体长（雌蜂0.38mm,雄蜂0.35mm）。这些结果表明,与松毛虫赤眼蜂相比,玉米螟赤眼蜂雌蜂对过寄生的适应能力较弱,且其子代雌蜂发育受过寄生的影响较大。 相似文献
19.
运用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术对生防木霉菌T23及其诱变体进行基因组DNA多态性分析,从38条随机引物中筛选出条带清晰、重复性好的10条引物,共扩增出145条RAPD谱带,多态性标记数为119条,占扩增总带数的82.1%。DNA片段大小范围在564～3 530 bp内,大多数集中在564～2 027 bp。并利用NTSYS统计软件对扩增结果进行统计和聚类。结果表明,生防木霉菌T23诱变前后具有一定的遗传稳定性和遗传多态性;生防木霉菌T23经过尿素、过磷酸钙、多菌灵、甲基硫菌灵、百菌清的长时间诱导能发生遗传变异。 相似文献
20.
10,288 fish specimens of 34 species from three water bodies in northern Finland were studied mainly in 1978-1982 Triaenophorus nodulosus and T. crassus parasites. Six of the 31 species from the Bothnian Bay were found to harbour T. nodulosus plerocercoids, four of the 11 from the cold, oligotrophic Lake Yli-Kitka in northeastern Finland and only one of the 6 from the small, eutrophic Lake Kuivasj?rvi. The ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus) was most essential intermediate host in the lakes, as supported by stomach analysis of predator fish. Although the highest prevalences were found in adult burbot (Lota lota) in two of the areas, these fish are more likely a blind end in the life cycle of T. nodulosus in the present case. T. crassus larvae were found only in three coregonid species and once in the intestine of a lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis) from the sea. Neither the prevalence nor the intensity of infection in most of the intermediate fish hosts of T. nodulosus was seen to increase with the length of the fish. The only exception was the ruff in Lake Yli-Kitka, where a sharp increase was encountered. No prominent seasonal variation in Triaenophorus larvae infections was found in any of the cases. The prevalence of T. nodulosus infection in its final host, the pike (Esox lucius), was highest in the sea (93%) and lowest in the eutrophic lake (47%). Seasonally, the lowest T. nodulosus infections were found in June-July in the two lakes. A clear maturation cycle was also found, with the youngest worms in the summer months in all cases. T. crassus was found in every third pike in the sea and its proportion in relation to T. nodulosus is higher in the smallest and largest fish. In only 12%t of the pikes did the number of T. crassus exceed that of T. nodulosus, however, the mean ratio being 1:13 to favour of T. nodulosus. The results give an indication that the composition of the fish fauna in each water body has a considerable influence on the T. nodulosus burden and its distribution among its potential intermediate fish hosts. With the most stable environmental conditions and the greatest variety of fish species, the parasite burden in the Bothnian Bay is most evenly distributed among the 6 intermediate hosts. The fewer fish species occur in the water body, as in the present eutrophic lake, the more the significance of a few or even one intermediate host will increase. 相似文献