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以晚熟桃"映霜红"为试材,通过对桃果面、果蒂处带菌量分析,并进一步对病原真菌分离纯化,明确晚熟桃采后0℃贮藏过程中锈斑处的主要致病菌及其致病性。结果表明,晚熟桃锈斑病一般在采前出现浅褐色锈斑;新采收的晚熟桃果蒂锈斑处微生物总量为(4.50±0.05)lg(CFU·g~(-1)),显著高于果面处(3.51±0.03)lg(CFU·g~(-1))(P0.05);在果面和果蒂处共分离出8种真菌,其中病原真菌A-1的分离率最高,达43.8%,该菌有伤接种致病率达100%。结合病原菌的生长特性、显微镜下的形态特征和病原菌rDNA-ITS检测结果,病原菌A-1鉴定为半知菌纲(Deuteromycetes)链孢霉目(Moniliales)黑霉科(Dematiaceae)链格孢属(Alternaria)链格孢(Alternaria alternata),该病原菌加剧了贮藏后期晚熟桃果蒂处褐腐病的发生。 相似文献
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<正>枣焦叶病近年来在各大枣区,特别是相关局部地区逐年加重,一般流行年份发病率在40%左右,个别暴发区域可高达60%以上,远看像"火烧"一般的枣园,坐果率低,落果严重,甚至绝收,严重影响枣的产量和品质。发病原因:引发枣焦叶病的病原菌为半知菌亚门黑斑孢目真菌胶孢炭疽菌,有性阶段为子囊菌亚门真菌围小丛壳菌。其圆柱形的无色分生孢子梗短小、无隔膜,密集生长;圆柱形的单胞分生孢子(图1)两端钝圆,有的略弯,一般与菌丝一 相似文献
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蒜薹采后致病菌种类及侵染规律研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以金乡蒜薹和苍山蒜薹为试材,研究蒜薹采后病原菌种类、侵染和发病规律。结果表明:导致蒜薹采后贮藏过程中腐烂的病原真菌分为9个属14个种,其中主要是交链格孢属(Alternaria)占28.5%,并且,交链格孢属中,链格孢霉(A.alternate(Fr.)Keissler)最多,占17.9%;其次是葱紫斑交链孢霉(A.porri(Elliott)Cif.),占6.6%,侵染链格孢霉(A.infectoriaSimmons)占4.0%;葡萄孢属(Botrytis),占17.0%,主要是葱鳞葡萄孢霉(B.squamosaWalker)和葱腐葡萄孢霉(B.alliiMunn),占15.6%,灰葡萄孢霉(B.cinereaPers)仅为1.4%;而青霉属(Penicillium)、匐柄霉属(Stemphylium)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、芽枝霉属(Cladosporium)、腐霉属(Pythium)、疫霉属(Phytophthora)和聚端孢霉属(Trichothecium)依次占15.7%、12.6%、7.8%、6.5%、4.9%、3.8%和3.3%。其发病规律是:除青霉属外,其它12种病原菌初期主要侵染蒜薹的薹梢部位,之后再逐渐向薹梗、薹基部位蔓延。 相似文献
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甜樱桃实生后代部分品质性状的遗传变异 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以31个甜樱桃实生株系的成熟果实为试材,进行了果实单果重、可食率、可溶性固形物、糖酸组分和含量以及挥发性化合物种类和含量的测定,旨在为甜樱桃实生繁殖下品质育种工作提供基本资料。结果表明,①甜樱桃实生后代平均单果重和可溶性固形物含量单株间变异系数较大(32.76% 和20.03%),而可食率彼此间差异不显著,变异系数仅为2.23%。②甜樱桃果实可溶性糖组分主要是果糖和葡萄糖,有机酸组分主要为苹果酸;实生后代果实中果糖、葡萄糖以及总糖的含量单株间亦存在明显变异（17.93%、17.05%和17.40%）,不同株系间有机酸含量及糖酸比的变异系数更大,分别为25.67%和35.22%。③从31个甜樱桃实生株系的果实中共鉴定出烃类、醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类5类113种挥发性化合物,各实生株系的果实中挥发性化合物种类数、各类挥发性化合物种类数及其含量以及主要挥发性化合物相对含量等均存在更广泛的遗传变异,遗传多样性更为丰富。总之,31个甜樱桃实生株系果实品质性状存在广泛的遗传变异,为进一步筛选优良单株提供了可能性。 相似文献
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Compatibility of cherries in the Netherlands 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
D. P. De Vries 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):207-215
Summary Results of pollination trials, carried out between 1908 and 1963 in The Netherlands and adjacent parts of Belgium, were compiled to detect groups of inter-incompatible cherry varieties.In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) there appeared to be at least six groups of inter-incompatible varieties; in sour cherry (P. cerasus L.) only one group of inter-incompatible varieties was found. Moreover two groups of inter-compatible sour and hybrid cherries (P. avium x P. cerasus) were encountered.A weak relation was found between fruit set of a variety and the capacity of its pollen to induce fruit set. 相似文献
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Sweet cherries are self-incompatible because of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system. S alleles in the style and pollen determine the crossing relationships. Knowledge of the S allele constitution of cultivars is very important for cherry growers and breeders, and recently, molecular methods have been developed to distinguish the S alleles in sweet cherries. The S allele genotypes of 149 sweet cherry cultivars and clones, including 126 not previously genotyped, were determined by using PCR analysis. Thirteen different S alleles in 40 combinations were distinguished and nine new incompatibility groups were documented. Two new S alleles were identified in five local sweet cherry processing cultivars from southwestern Germany using the second intron primers. The sequence of these alleles was determined and compared to all known sequences available in the NCBI database. The sequences obtained showed high similarities to the alleles S 19 and S 22 , previously described only in wild cherries, Prunus avium L. 相似文献
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甜樱桃裂果危害其商品价值。为了不同品种间裂果差异性，探索内源激素水平与裂果的相关性，选取了三种早熟品种（红灯、早大果、美早）两种晚熟品种（龙田晚红、红玛瑙）进行研究。检测了不同品种成熟期的裂果率，检测并比较了正常果与裂果果肉中的生长素（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）、脱落酸（ABA）含量。结果表明，早熟品种的裂果率普遍大于晚熟品种，且红灯>早大果>美早>龙田晚红>红玛瑙。所有品种果实果肉中内源激素的含量裂果均高于正常果，且所有品种中裂果与正常果中脱落酸含量越大裂果率越高。因此推测甜樱桃裂果与成熟期脱落酸含量升高有关。本实验结果对于甜樱桃生产中选栽适宜品种，有效减少裂果率，提高商品性提供理论依据。 相似文献
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气调箱贮藏甜樱桃品质变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文以美早和萨米脱为试材,研究了气调箱保鲜处理对果实贮藏品质变化的影响。结果显示,甜樱桃贮藏过程中,气调箱内CO2浓度基本维持在12-15%;气调箱处理甜樱桃果实硬度显著高于对照果实,轻微降低了可溶性固形物的含量;但却保持了果实较高的可滴定酸含量以及维生素C含量。气调处理最明显的效果就是降低了甜樱桃果实的腐烂率。两品种相比较,萨米脱的腐烂率要远低于美早,耐贮性较好。两品种果实0oC贮藏60 d后仍具有较好的感官品质,并可以保证3 d的常温货架期。 相似文献
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Firmness is a major quality attribute of fresh cherries, and is also a main factor affecting susceptibility to bruising and postharvest rots. In order to identify the factors determining the textural differences between genotypes, we evaluated the solubilization, depolymerization and monosaccharide composition of pectin and hemicelluloses from two cultivars with contrasting firmness (‘Sweetheart’, firm and ‘Newstar’, soft) at four different developmental stages. Firm ‘Sweetheart’ cherries had higher contents of cell wall material than soft ‘Newstar’ fruit. Moderate depolymerization of hemicellulose and tightly bound pectins was detected irrespective of cultivar firmness. The general pattern and extent of uronic acid solubilization was quite similar in both cultivars. Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) seemed to be preferentially solubilized in firm ‘Sweetheart’ fruit as opposed to tightly bound homogalacturonans (HG) in soft cherries. Pectic polymers with higher neutral sugar to uronic acids ratio were found from early development in soft ‘Newstar’ fruit. Overall, soft ‘Newstar’ fruit had reduced wall content and higher branching of tightly bound pectins than firm ‘Sweetheart’ fruit. These factors may be associated with the varietal differences in cherry firmness. 相似文献
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【研究目的】为研究考特和吉塞拉作为砧木对甜樱桃果实香气成分的影响。【方法】采用顶空微萃取技术提取成熟期果实的香气成分,经气相色谱质谱联用仪进行测定分析。【结果】不鲁克斯甜樱桃的香气成分共检测到61种,主要成分为醛类、醇类和酯类。从布鲁克斯（吉塞拉）中检测出38种香气成分占总峰面积的59.66 %,相对百分含量较高的是乙醇、乙酸己酯、1-乙基－3－甲基苯、苯乙烯、1,2,3－三甲基苯。从布鲁克斯（考特）中检测出30种香气成分占总峰面积的64.74 %,相对百分含量较高的是乙醇、（E)2－己烯－1－醇、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇、乙酸己酯。【结论】吉塞拉和考特作为砧木对布鲁克斯甜樱桃果实中香气成分的影响较明显,在香气种类上吉塞拉砧木具有明显优势。（E)2－己烯－1－醇、己醛、乙酸己酯、(E)-丁酸－2－己烯酯、3-异丁基-6-烯-1-辛醇是不鲁克斯甜樱桃成熟果实的特征香气成分。 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2004,31(1):41-49
Preharvest gibberellic acid-treated California ‘Bing’ sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) were treated with hot water baths (46–58 °C for 0.25–18 min), followed by hydrocooling. The fruit were then stored to simulate either air shipment or sea shipment to overseas markets, both followed by 15 h of shelf life at 20 °C. In separate experiments, cherries were also infested with codling moth larvae and subjected to similar hot water bath heating. The quality attributes showed different sensitivity to the combinations of temperature and time used for hot water bath treatment. Pitting was more common in fruit treated at lower temperatures for longer times, while stem browning was more common in fruit treated at high temperatures. Berry browning, stem color, and pitting were the quality attributes most affected by heat treatment. Browning of cherry stem color was a crucial factor in determining whether a combination of temperature and time for hot water bath treatment was successful. All cherries stored at 0 °C for 14 days to simulate sea shipment were of unacceptable quality after shelf life. Hot water bath treatments that provided 100% codling moth mortality and maintained overall acceptable fruit quality were very limited and included treatments at 50 °C for 10 min and at 54 °C for 6 min. Delaying the hot water bath treatment after fruit harvest, even if the cherries were kept at 0 °C, resulted in a greater loss in fruit quality compared with those treated on the harvest day. Using hot water baths as a quarantine treatment for codling moths (Cydia pomonella) on sweet cherries may be feasible if fruit are air shipped at 5 °C for 2 days, but not suitable if fruit are sea shipped at 0 °C for 14 days. 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,50(3):411-416
This paper introduces an application of using transmittance spectroscopy to identify the infestation in tart cherry resulting from past or present insect activities. The spectra were recorded within a wavelength region between 550 and 980 nm with a FieldSpec spectroradiometer. The fresh tart cherries were hand harvested from different orchards in Michigan in 2004–2007. The samples included intact as well as infested cherries with different damage levels. The spectral analysis indicates that the maturity of tart cherry has effects on the classification accuracy. The intact cherries harvested late in the season (over-ripened) have similar spectral characteristics as the infested tissues. The classification accuracy for the samples harvested at normal time is better than that for the late harvested samples. Depending on the arrangement of the samples into non-infested or infested classes, the total classification accuracy varies from 82% to 87%. These findings and results demonstrate that transmittance spectroscopy has strong potential to detect the internal insect infestation within a tart cherry fruit. 相似文献