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FUQiang FUHong LIANGChuan 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2004,11(1):57-61
The author considered the influences of several weather factors, such as air temperature, sunlight, saturation deficiency, wind speed and so on to forecasting the water requirement of well irrigation rice based on Artificial Neutron Network. Through dealing with the time series of water requirement and its influence factors, the author applied the multi-dimension data correlation analysis to ensure the net structure. Thus, the ANN model to forecast the water requirement of well irrigation rice has been built. By means of the ANN model, uncertainty relation between water requirement and many influence factors among the interior and exterior can be discovered. The results of ANN model is good, and can provide some references for establishing the water saving irrigation system. 相似文献
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Different irrigation schemes have different effects on water consumption in rice production. However, few studies have been conducted on the water consumption processes between dry direct seeding rice and transplanting rice under different irrigation schemes. Water consumption process, water use efficiency and correlation effect of water consumption on yield under different planting models in rice production were investigated in northeast China in 2018. Seven treatments were implemented: drip irrigation dry direct seeding rice(DDSR), wet irrigation dry direct seeding rice(WDSR), flooded irrigation dry direct seeding rice(FDSR), transplanting flooded rice(TFR), controlled irrigation transplanting rice(CTR), intermittent irrigation transplanting rice(ITR) and wet irrigation transplanting rice(WTR). Among them, TFR was the control. The results showed that the peaks of the water consumption amount, intensity and its modulus coefficient of the seven treatments all appeared in the middle tillering and the jointing booting stages. The total water consumption amount(ET) and average water consumption intensity of DDSR, WDSR, FDSR and WTR were lower than those of TFR, CTR and ITR. The maximum water use efficiency of yield(WUEy) occurred in DDSR with a value of 3.8 kg · m~(-3).WUEy of DDSR, WDSR and FDSR were significantly higher than those of TFR, CTR and ITR. In the middle tillering and the heading and flowering stages, the water consumption amount of each treatment had a positive effect on yield formation, and the water consumption amount in the late tillering stage had a negative effect on yield formation. The relationship between ET and yield(Y) of dry direct seeding and transplanting planting models showed a quadratic function curve. ET of transplanting planting model had a significant positive impact on Y, and ET of dry direct seeding planting model had no impact on Y. DDSR had the least total water consumption of 199.8 mm · m~(-2), the lowest water consumption intensity of 2.0 mm · d~(-1) and the greatest water use efficiency of 3.8 kg · m~(-3), which suggested that DDSR had the most significant water saving effect. The combination of dry direct seeding planting model and drip irrigation scheme would be a good option for determining a water-saving rice planting model in northeast China. 相似文献
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在能定量控制水分的模拟槽中，对水稻的生理生态需水进行了研究．结果表明：稻田的蒸散作用主要受水稻冠层的控制．同一生育阶段内，温度因子对蒸散作用有显著影响．１９９２年杭州市郊区早稻湿润灌溉的蒸散总量为３２３．２ｍｍ，日平均４．１ｍｍ，比对照减少０．２７ｍｍ．晚稻本田期蒸散总量为３９８．８ｍｍ，日平均为４．５ｍｍ，比对照减少０．３４ｍｍ．叶面蒸腾与叶面积指数呈正相关，早稻的相关系数为０．９６＊＊，晚稻为０．９７４＊＊．早稻的蒸腾系数为２３６，晚稻的蒸腾系数为２２３．淹灌处理的蒸散量比湿润处理高１０．３％，而节水处理的产量比淹灌高１０．５％ 相似文献
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基于CROPWAT模型水稻需水量及灌溉制度研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究黑龙江松嫩平原南部地区气候变化对水稻需水量影响及水稻不同灌溉制度,基于黑龙江省庆安县1966～2015年气象、土壤数据和水稻作物参数,采用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析水稻生育期内需水量变化规律,利用CROPWAT模型计算水稻各生育期需水量、有效降雨和灌溉需水量,对不同典型年份水稻需水量和有效降雨作耦合度分析,制定水稻灌溉制度。结果表明,生育期内水稻需水量在气象因素共同作用下以13.68 mm·10年-1速率下降,变化范围为410.8～574.6 mm;该地区特枯水年、枯水年、平水年和丰水年水稻需水量分别为521.0、484.9、451.8、410.8 mm;水稻在拔节和抽穗期需水量较大,两个时期需水量在不同水文年下差异明显;不同水文年下6、7、8月主要需水时期,需水量与有效降雨耦合度均小于1;同一水文年下灌溉定额均为淹水灌溉>"浅、湿"灌溉>干湿交替灌溉>控制灌溉,淹水灌溉灌溉次数最多,干湿交替灌溉模式灌溉次数最少;不同水文年下与淹水灌溉灌溉定额相比水稻"浅、湿"灌溉、干湿交替灌溉和控制灌溉节水效果明显,分别可节水6.3%～13.4%、29.1%～39.4%、30.6%～42.6%。有效降雨量难以满足水稻需水要求,在水稻生育期内应根据不同典型年选择合适灌溉制度灌溉,并在拔节孕穗、抽穗开花两个高耗水时期加强灌溉。 相似文献
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水稻覆膜旱作高产节水机理研究 总被引：72，自引：6，他引：66
研究了全程旱管条件下地膜覆盖、超稀植（5.3～6.4万穴/ha）对水稻生物学性状、水分生理特性、产量及其构成因素和土壤水热条件的影响。结果表明,覆膜条件下水稻根系和地上部干重、生物量、株高、单株分蘖数、叶面积指数以及茎伤流液量极显著地大于裸地旱作水稻。覆膜对土壤具有明显的保水增温作用,降低了水稻叶片的细胞汁液浓度、细胞质膜透性,从而缓解了水稻植株的水分胁迫程度。覆膜旱作水稻产量达到6372～13500kg/ha,而裸地旱作水稻产量仅为4530～5400kg/ha。水稻覆膜旱作比裸地旱作或淹水栽培显著节水。 相似文献
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ZHANG Zi-kun LIU Shi-qi LIU Su-hui HUANG Zhi-jun 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2010,9(4):512-518
The solar greenhouse without heating system has been widely used for vegetable production in Northeast China since the 1980s. The experiment was conducted in the solar greenhouse to study the relationship between evapotranspiration （ET） of cucumber and climatic factors. Reference evapotranspiration （ET0） and pan evaporation （Ep） were applied to determine cucumber evapotranspiration by regression methods. Results showed that the ET of cucumber increased with the increasing of solar radiation, air temperature and vapor pressure. The solar radiation was the most important factor that influences ET among environmental parameters. The determination coefficient （R2） was 0.865 between ET and Ep, higher than that between ET and ET0 （application of a constant vegetation coefficient, R2 = 0.46）. The pan coefficient （kp, determined from the ratio of ET to Ep） and the crop coefficients （kc, determined from the ratio of ET to ET0） showed considerable variability and no obvious systematic pattern could be described throughout the study period. Ep was linearly related to ET and 20 cm pan can be well used to determine the water requirement of cucumber under subsurface drip irrigation in this type of solar greenhouse. 相似文献
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宁夏设施番茄膜下滴灌条件下耗水规律和水分利用效率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索宁夏中东部干旱带设施番茄需水规律,在宁夏盐池温室大棚里进行小区栽培试验,研究了不同灌水定额对番茄产量和生理生化指标的影响。结果显示:不同阶段番茄的耗水量不同,平均日耗水量为1.31~3.73 mm/d,开花坐果期最大,日耗水强度达到7.31 mm/d。不同灌水定额处理对番茄茎叶、根的生物量及产量有显著的影响,灌水量为375 mm的处理产量达到195 898 kg/hm2,比对照增产75%,达到显著水平,水分利用率达到3.45 kg/m3。并初步制定了适合该地区设施番茄栽培的灌溉制度。 相似文献
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为了提高余庆县农产品质量安全水平,建立无公害优质稻生产基地,制定优质稻无害化生产技术规程,对余庆县农业局优质稻生产基地的灌溉水、环境空气质量、土壤环境质量进行了监测分析。结果表明,该基地灌溉水符合“GB5084-1992”农田灌溉水质标准和“NY5116-2002”灌溉水质一级水质标准,农田土壤环境质量符合“GB3095-1996”环境土壤质量二级标准和“NY5116-2002”环境土壤质量要求,空气质量符合“GB3095-1996”环境空气质量二级标准和“NY5116-2002”环境空气质量要求。故该基地符合生产无公害优质稻(生产的环境条件)。 相似文献
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为了分析贵州水稻生育期内有效降水量和需水量等水资源的变化特征,研究基于贵州80个气象站点1961—2015年的逐日气象资料,采用美国农业部(USDA)土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量和联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)推荐的参考作物蒸散量计算方法,计算贵州水稻不同生育期内的有效降水量和需水量,并分析水稻不同生育阶段缺水量和灌溉需求指数的变化特征。结果表明:1961—2015年,贵州水稻全生育期有效降水量为324 mm,呈递减趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期是有效降水量最大的阶段,呈递增趋势,其他生育期有效降水量均为递减趋势;水稻全生育期需水量为737 mm,呈递减趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期、抽穗—灌浆期需水量呈递减趋势,其他生育期需水量呈递增趋势;水稻全生育期多年平均缺水量为413 mm,呈递增趋势,其中,移栽—抽穗期缺水量呈递减趋势,其他生育期呈递增趋势。全生育期作物水分盈亏指数为0.56,其中,抽穗—灌浆期对灌溉依赖程度最高。 相似文献
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基于人工神经网络算法对水稻需水量的预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻需水量预测是节水灌溉规划的基础,由于BP神经网络在解决多参数非线性问题表现出极强的自适应能力,从而可以科学准确预测需水量。本研究从多个影响因子分析出发,得到了BP神经网络模型,并结合实际数据进行了检验。试验结果表明,该模型能够较好地反映气象因子与水稻需水量之间的关系,预测精度高。 相似文献
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为验证超前决策灌溉模型在土壤栽培中的科学性,筛选基于超前决策灌溉模型的最优灌溉量组合,以Penman-Monteith模型为对照(PM处理),分别在番茄的开花坐果期和果实膨大期设置超前决策灌溉模型计算灌溉量(ET)的3个水平(0.8 ET、1.0 ET、1.2 ET),共计10个处理,通过春秋两茬试验,分析比较不同灌溉模型对土壤含水量、番茄生理指标、产量、品质与水分利用效率的影响,并利用熵权-TOPSIS法评价不同处理番茄的综合指标。结果表明:与对照相比,超前决策灌溉模型处理土壤含水量的波动较小,光合能力、植株产量与水分利用效率显著提高。运用熵权-TOPSIS综合分析法进行排序,T2-3处理(开花坐果期使用1.0 ET灌溉,果实膨大期使用1.2 ET进行灌溉)排第1位,秋茬番茄PM处理(使用PM模型进行灌溉)排在第8位,春茬温室番茄PM处理排在第10位。秋茬与春茬温室番茄最优处理T2-3相较于PM处理,叶片的净光合速率提高约9.7%和24.3%,蒸腾速率降低约16.5%和14.6%,产量和水分利用效率分别提升了4.7%、8.7%与0.8%、9.5%。研究结果表明在温室番茄的土壤栽培中,无论是春季还是秋季,超前决策灌溉模型比PM模型灌溉精度高;且在开花坐果期使用1.0 ET灌溉、果实膨大期使用1.2 ET进行灌溉为超前决策灌溉模型最优的灌溉量组合。 相似文献
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水稻不同灌溉方式节水效益的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据江西省赣抚平原灌溉试验站1987~2003年水稻不同灌溉方式的对比试验资料,分析了间歇灌溉与浅水灌溉对水稻需水量、需水系数的影响。结果表明,在相同施肥水平和耕作措施条件下,间歇灌溉与浅水灌溉相比,可以降低水稻耗水量和水稻需水系数,提高水分生产率。 相似文献
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Experimental Investigation of Soil Evaporation and Evapotranspiration of Winter Wheat Under Sprinkler Irrigation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
YU Li-peng HUANG Guan-hua LIU Hai-jun WANG Xiang-ping WANG Ming-qiang 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2009,8(11):1360-1368
Sprinkler irrigation is one of the typical irrigation technologies used for the winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system in the North China Plain. To evaluate the evapotranspiration （ET） of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation in Beijing area, field experiments were conducted in growing seasons through 2005-2008, in the experimental station located in Tongzhou County, Beijing, China, with different irrigation depths. Results indicated that a relatively large variation of soil water content occurred within 0-40 cm soil layer. The seasonal ET of winter wheat generally increased with increasing irrigation amount, while the seasonal usage of soil water had a negative relationship with irrigation amount. Soil evaporation （Es） was about 25% of winter wheat ET during the period from reviving to maturity. Es increased while Es/ET decreased with increasing irrigation amount. Sprinkler irrigation scheduling with relatively large irrigation quota and low irrigation frequency can reduce Es and promote the irrigation water use efficiency. 相似文献
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作物需水量预报是灌区土壤墒情预报和灌溉预报的基础。通过对关中泾惠、洛惠和交口抽渭灌区气象资料的分析,用彭曼法计算了历史潜在蒸散量ET_0,利用因子分析法建立了灌区作物需水量随气温、天气而变化的ET_0预报模型,对建立的每月六种模型作进一步的相关分析、符合性、显著性检验,进而由综合评判优选出了适合于灌区ET_0预报的数学模型,开发了作物需水量预报模型建立与优化的通用计算机软件。 相似文献