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Julia Bauer Felix Teitge Lisa Neffe Mikolaj Adamek Arne Jung Christina Peppler Dieter Steinhagen Verena Jung‐Schroers 《Journal of fish diseases》2021,44(1):89-105
Tropical shrimp, like Litopenaeus vannamei, in land‐based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are often kept at low water salinities to reduce costs for artificial sea salt and the amount of salty wastewater. Although these shrimp are tolerant against low salinities, innate immunity suppression and changes in the microbial composition in the water can occur. As especially Vibrio spp. are relevant for shrimp health, alterations in the species composition of the Vibrio community were analysed in water from six RAS, run at 15‰ or 30‰. Additionally, pathogenicity factors including pirA/B, VPI, toxR, toxS, vhh, vfh, tdh, trh, flagellin genes and T6SS1/2 of V. parahaemolyticus were analysed. The Vibrio composition differed significantly depending on water salinity. In RAS at 15‰, higher numbers of the potentially pathogenic species V. parahaemolyticus, V. owensii and V. campbellii were detected, and especially in V. parahaemolyticus, various pathogenicity factors were present. A reduced salinity may therefore pose a higher risk of disease outbreaks in shrimp RAS. Because some of the detected pathogenicity factors are relevant for human health, this might also affect food safety. In order to produce healthy shrimp as a safe food for human consumption, maintaining high water salinities seems to be recommendable. 相似文献
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Dietary fulvic acid effects on survival and expression of immune‐related genes in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jesús A. Fierro‐Coronado Carlos Angulo Arturo Rubio‐Castro Antonio Luna‐González Carlos J. Cáceres‐Martínez Cesar A. Ruiz‐Verdugo Píndaro Álvarez‐Ruíz Ruth Escamilla‐Montes Héctor A. González‐Ocampo Genaro Diarte‐Plata 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):3218-3227
The effects of fulvic acid (FA) on survival and immune‐related gene expression were investigated in Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus by immersion. Shrimp were fed with different dietary FA concentrations (1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg feed) for 20 days (first bioassay) or 8 days (second bioassay, 2 g/kg feed of FA added every 2 days) and then challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. In a third bioassay, the expression of three immune‐related genes (translationally controlled tumour protein [TCTP], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and heat‐shock protein 70 [HSP70]) in haemocytes or hepatopancreas of experimental shrimp was measured by real‐time quantitative PCR at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr after FA (2 g/kg feed) administration. Fulvic acid increased survival at a concentration of 2 g/kg feed supplied every two days. Interestingly, TCTP gene expression was upregulated, whereas gene expression of SOD and HSP70 was downregulated. In conclusion, dietary fulvic acid improves survival in white shrimp challenged with V. parahaemolyticus and modulates the immune response. Therefore, FA merits further evaluation as prophylactic treatment in commercial shrimp farms. 相似文献
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Ruben Avendaño-Herrera Isabella Benavides Jaime A. Espina Daniela Soto-Comte Matías Poblete-Morales Juan A. Valdés Carmen G. Feijóo Ariel E. Reyes 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(5):561-570
Flavobacterium psychrophilum is the causative agent of bacterial cold-water disease and rainbow trout syndrome in freshwater salmonid fish worldwide, generating injuries and high mortality rates. Despite several studies on this bacterium, the infection mechanism remains unknown due to limitations in the employed animal models. In this work, we propose using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model for studying bacterial pathogenicity. To substantiate this proposal, zebrafish infection by F. psychrophilum strain JIP 02/86 was characterized. Zebrafish larvae were infected using the bath method, and morphological changes and innate immune system activation were monitored using transgenic fish. Salmonid-like infection phenotypes were observed in 4.74% of treated larvae, as manifested by fin, muscle and caudal peduncle damage. Symptomatic and dead larvae accounted for 1.35% of all challenged larvae. Interestingly, infected larvae with no infection phenotypes showed stronger innate immune system activation than specimens with phenotypes. A failure of function assay for myeloid factor pu.1 resulted in more infected larvae (up to 43.5%), suggesting that low infection rates by F. psychrophilum would be due to the protective actions of the innate immune system against this bacterium in zebrafish larvae. Our results support the use of zebrafish as an infection model for studying F. psychrophilum. Furthermore, the percentage of infected fish can be modulated by disturbing, to varying extents, the differentiation of myeloid cells. Using this evidence as a starting point, different aspects of the infection mechanism of F. psychrophilum could be studied in vivo. 相似文献
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Selection of lactic acid bacteria as candidate probiotics for Vibrio parahaemolyticus depuration in pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Sadok Khouadja Najla Haddaji Meriam Hanchi Amina Bakhrouf 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(4):1885-1894
The application of probiotics in food is now widespread and is widely accepted by consumers. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were isolated from traditional salted fish and then characterized by its ability to inhibit Vibrio parahaemolyticus growth using minimal inhibitory concentration tests. Five out of these strains were identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Lactobacillus casei and three Lactobacillus gasseri by PCR using 16S and 23S rRNA genes. Antibiofilm activity of Lactobacillus spp. extracts were also tested in 96 polystyrene plates. A potential antibiofilm effect was demonstrated as most LAB. Although most LAB extract were able to eradicate pre‐formed biofilm, results demonstrated that five Lactobacillus spp. exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect against V. parahaemolyticus in infected oysters. Vibrio parahaemolyticus viable cells number declined from 106 UFC to 104 UFC after 3 days of incubation with Lactobacillus spp. Probiotic applications, in biological control of seafood associated pathogens can be an alternative solution, providing consumer with a product of good quality owing to the use of non‐toxic compounds. Based on our results, LAB could be used as a bioprotective culture in oyster's depuration to prevent V. parahaemolyticus growth. 相似文献
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Molecular isolation and characterization of a haemocyanin of Macrobrachium rosenbergii reveal its antibacterial activities 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Chutima Srisuk Saengchan Senapin William G Bendena Siwaporn Longyant Paisarn Sithigorngul Parin Chaivisuthangkura 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(1):505-516
Haemocyanin is a multi‐subunit protein complex found in the haemolymph and is involved in the immune system of crustaceans. In this study, a haemocyanin gene of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, designated MrHc, was successfully isolated. The MrHc gene contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,992 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 663 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of 76.5 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence contained distinct structural motifs of the haemocyanin superfamily, including an all‐alpha domain, a copper‐containing domain and an immunoglobulin‐like domain. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the MrHC protein demonstrated a close relationship with the haemocyanins of Palaemon carinicauda and Macrobrachium nipponense. The MrHc gene was expressed in various shrimp tissues, including the hepatopancreas, gill, haemocytes, stomach and muscle. After Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) challenge tests, the MrHc gene was up‐regulated 237‐fold at day 2. A recombinant protein of the MrHc immunoglobulin‐like domain exhibited antibacterial activity against Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, Aeromonas caviae, A. veronii, A. hydrophila and Bacillus cereus. This study suggested that MrHc may play important roles in the shrimp innate immune response to MrNV infection and bacterial infection. 相似文献
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The half-smooth tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis, is an important cultured flatfish species. Vibrio harveyi is a common pathogen to this fish, which may result in great economic loss to C. semilaevis culture industry. piRNAs, a non-coding RNAs with 26–32 nt, have been regarded as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and fish diseases. Here, we extracted the RNA from mucus of C. semilaevis and constructed the differential expression profiles of piRNAs between the sick fish (MS) and healthy fish (MC). We identified 45,696 differentially expressed piRNAs including 22,735 up-regulated piRNAs and 22,961 down-regulated piRNAs in MS group compared with MC group. The GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the differential piRNAs were carried out. The result showed immunity-related target genes mainly involved in immune system process, response to stimulus, cell killing, immune system, infectious diseases and cell growth and death. The 10 most differentially expressed piRNAs were chosen to perform the qRT-PCR, while only seven piRNAs were consistent with the sequence result. Compared with MC group, the expression levels of piR-mmu-72173>piR-rno-62831>piR-xtr-704880, piR-dme-15546979, piR-mmu-49941660, piR-mmu-29283297 and piR-mmu-1758399 were significantly lower, and piR-gga-10574 and piR-gga-134812 were significantly higher in MS group. These piRNAs may be potential biomarkers during the V. harveyi infection of C. semilaevis. This study could provide a new method to identify the infection status of C. semilaevis and understand better about the innate and adaptive immune system in C. semilaevis during bacterial infection. 相似文献
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Non‐specific immune responses and intestinal immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fed Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) fruit extract 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar Hassan Khodadadian Zou Hamed Paknejad Ehsan Ahmadifar Hien Van Doan 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(9):2995-3003
This study investigated the effects of Jujube (Ziziphus jujube) fruit extract (JFE) as an excellent source of nutrients and phytochemicals on the innate immune responses and expression of genes involved in intestinal immunity of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. Three hundred healthy carps (10.78 ± 0.05 g) fingerlings were randomly allocated to 12 fibre glass tanks (300L; 15 fish per tank) and fed for 8 weeks with experimental diets which contained different levels of JFE (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1%). Thereafter, serum non‐specific immune parameters [total immunoglobulin (Ig) as well as alternative complement (ACH50) and lysozyme activity (SL)] and expression of genes involved in intestinal immunity (lyz, tnf‐alpha, il1b, il8, il10, and tgfb) were measured. The results revealed a significant elevation of Ig level in the JFE‐fed fish (p < 0.05) over the control fish. However, there was no significant difference among treated groups in case of serum total Ig. The highest levels of SL and ACH50 were observed in fish fed 1% of JFE. Nonetheless, no significant difference was noticed regarding SL and ACH50 of control and other supplemented groups (0.25% and 0.5% JFE). Also, expression of lyz, tnf‐alpha, and il1b genes increased significantly (p < 0.05) in JFE‐fed fish, in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, significant (p < 0.05) down‐regulation of il110 and tgfb were noticed in treated groups. The present findings suggested that extraction of Jujube, Z. jujube fruit, possesses beneficial effects on immune responses of common carp. 相似文献
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Strain and dose infectivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus: the causative agent of early mortality syndrome in shrimp 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Moonyoung Choi Ann M Stevens Stephen A Smith Daniel P Taylor David D Kuhn 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3719-3727
Diseases of shrimp have contributed to billions of dollars of economic loss in the aquaculture industry. Newly emerging strains of the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus produce a condition in shrimp called early mortality syndrome or acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. Three different V. parahaemolyticus strains were evaluated for their respective pathogenicity on shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, when the bacterial strains were grown under various laboratory conditions prior to inoculating shrimp. For each trial, feed was inoculated with a known concentration of bacteria and then fed to the shrimp. The early mortality syndrome strain of V. parahaemolyticus was the most lethal resulting up to 100% mortality within 24 h after being introduced to shrimp via a single feeding. The other two strains of Vibrio, one isolated from the environment and the other from a human clinical case, resulted in 0% and 30% mortality within 96 h respectively. The concentration of the early mortality syndrome strain of V. parahaemolyticus that the shrimp were exposed to directly correlated with mortality rate, which allowed for lethal or sublethal short‐term disease challenge assays to be established. Infiltration of haemocytes was also evident in the midgut caeca of shrimp infected with the early mortality syndrome strain of V. parahaemolyticus, which has not been previously reported. 相似文献
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Innate immune response and gene expression of Scylla paramamosain under Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Zhao Zhang Shengkang Li Chuping Xie Lizhen Zhou Chuanbiao Li Wenhua Liu Xiaobo Wen 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(2):462-471
An epidemic of ‘milky disease’ in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) generally breaks out in the fall when the crab is near maturity, resulting in large economic losses in crab farming. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been proven to be one of the major pathogens. In this study, the mud crabs were challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, and their innate immune responses were investigated in terms of total haemocyte counts (THCs), haemocytic enzyme activities and gene expression levels during a 114‐h period. The THCs of the mud crabs decreased significantly after 42 h of exposure. The activities of the haemocytic enzymes, including acid phosphatase‐alkaline phosphatase, phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase and nitric oxidase synthethase, were significantly enhanced during the challenge course. The gene expression levels also significantly increased for all tested genes (proPO, Cu/Zn‐SOD, Prx, LYS, CRU and ALF) with the exception of CAT down‐regulated expression. The results may imply that the immune responses of the mud crab could be activated by the pathogens, and the data here will provide many clues for further systematic investigation of ‘milky disease’ caused by V. parahaemolyticus and the disease prevention in mud crab S. paramamosain. 相似文献
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Junwei Li Yongjian Guo Changbo Zhu Zhenhua Ma Jian G. Qin Xiaoyong Xie Suwen Chen 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(7):1942-1951
The effects of system partition on the water quality were studied using three shrimp ponds (Ts), and each one of the shrimp pond was connected individually with a fish pond by piping and pump. Three other isolated shrimp ponds were designated as the Cs treatment. The results showed that the implementation of the system can improve the water quality in the shrimp ponds. Particulate organic matter (POM), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite nitrogen (NO2–N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3–N) in the Ts were lower than those in the Cs during the experiment, and in some cases, they were significantly lower (p < 0.05). Throughout most of the experimental period, the soluble reactive phosphorus in the Ts treatment were greater than that in the Cs treatment (p < 0.05), and N/P ratio of the water column was lower in the Ts treatment than in the Cs treatment throughout most of the experimental period (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the partitioned system contributed to the stability of water quality and N/P ratio in the water. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was dominant in the third to seventh weeks in Cs, and the dominant condition was found only in seventh week in Ts. The result indicated that system may contribute to the slowing down of the breakout of V. parahaemolyticus in the shrimp pond. According to the redundancy analysis, COD, chlorophyll a and POM were mainly positively related to the dominance index of V. parahaemolyticus, and maybe POM can serve as an indicator to reflect the trend of V. parahaemolyticus. 相似文献
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Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in southern Thailand 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 J Kongrueng M Yingkajorn S Bunpa N Sermwittayawong K Singkhamanan V Vuddhakul 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(11):957-966
Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from shrimp of five farms located in the Pattani and Songkhla provinces of southern Thailand. Using a PCR method targeted to the unique DNA sequences derived from the plasmid (AP2 primers) and the toxin gene (AP3 primers) of V. parahaemolyticus that caused acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), a total of 33 of 108 isolates were positive. In contrast, all 63 and 66 isolates of clinical and environmental V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, obtained previously from 2008 to 2014 from the same area were negative. This implied that these strains were likely to be the cause of the outbreak of AHPND in this area. Intestinal samples proved to be a better source for the isolation of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND than the hepatopancreas. All isolates were investigated for haemolytic activity, virulence genes, serotypes, genotypes and antibiotic susceptibility. All the AHPND isolates had a unique O antigen, but small variations of the K antigens were detected from different farms. In addition, the DNA profiles of V. parahaemolyticus AHPND isolates were similar, but distinct from those clinical and environmental isolates. It is postulated that the causative agent of AHPND might have originated from one clone and then slightly different serotypes subsequently developed. 相似文献