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缨翅目Thysanoptera昆虫,俗称蓟马,其种类繁多、数量庞大,主要通过取食和传播植物病毒病进行为害.蓟马害虫已经发展成为我国热带地区最重要的农业害虫类群之一,对农作物和园艺植物造成了巨大的经济损失.天敌作为其重要的生物防治资源,在蓟马害虫防治中尤为关键.据此,本文结合国内外研究对西花蓟马和我国热带地区主要蓟马害虫... 相似文献
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P. J. LIMA 《EPPO Bulletin》1992,22(3):475-478
Today, as managers of plant pest control programs seek more and more alternatives to chemical pesticides, the demand for biological control organisms in the USA has increased significantly in volume and variety. There is a corresponding increase in the numbers of permit requests for biological control agents from foreign sources. Environmentalists, Federal and State plant regulatory agencies in the USA are concerned over the long-term effects of these ‘beneficials’ on the target hosts, non-target organisms, codependency of flora and fauna, and on the general environment. Within the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of USDA, Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) protects US agriculture from the introduction and dispersal of harmful plant pests. It does this with the help of a network of Plant Quarantine Officers. PPQ strongly supports biological control strategies and the importation of more effective agents by accommodating the needs of agribusiness under appropriate safeguards. Although most biological control organisms are not plant pests, certain precautions are in order prior to release since shipments may contain unwanted pests, other contaminants and prohibited plant material. 相似文献
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气候变暖对农业害虫及其天敌的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
全球气候的持续变暖引起了人类的高度关注。农业害虫是关系到农业生产顺利进行的一个特殊的昆虫类群,已经受到温度升高的影响。本文从气候变暖对农业害虫的发生、为害以及与天敌间关系的影响等三方面进行了综述。温度升高导致农业害虫的发生区域扩张,发生期提前和延长,高温适生种群发生量增大;农业害虫的为害时期改变,为害程度加重,为害物种之间产生新的竞争关系;农业害虫与寄主植物、天敌之间的同步性发生改变,继而影响到农业害虫的生物防治。本文最后对当前的研究工作进行了评述,就气候变暖形势下农业害虫的防治提出建议。 相似文献
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我国植物害虫生物防治的研究现状及发展策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物害虫生物防治是指利用生物或生物代谢产物来控制农业害虫的一种害虫防治方法,具有安全、环境友好和可持续等优点。本文基于我国近年在天敌资源挖掘、天敌控害机制、天敌产业化应用和新方法探索等方面研究现状与存在问题的分析,探讨了我国植物害虫生物防治学科的体系建设及促进学科发展的主要策略。 相似文献
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Donald A. Nordlund 《昆虫天敌》1998,(4)
ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＳｍｉｔｈａｎｄＲｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ（１９６５）ｄｅｆｉｎｅｄｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｐｅｓｔｃｏｎｔｒｏｌ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｙｎｏｎｙｍｏｕｓｗｉｔｈｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｐｅｓｔｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ（ＩＰＭ）ａｓ：Ａｐｅｓｔｐｏｐｕ... 相似文献
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Anaïs Chailleux Emily K Mohl Mickaël Teixeira Alves Gerben J Messelink Nicolas Desneux 《Pest management science》2014,70(12):1769-1779
Understanding how arthropod pests and their natural enemies interact in complex agroecosystems is essential for pest management programmes. Theory predicts that prey sharing a predator, such as a biological control agent, can indirectly reduce each other's density at equilibrium (apparent competition). From this premise, we (i) discuss the complexity of indirect interactions among pests in agroecosystems and highlight the importance of natural enemy‐mediated indirect interactions other than apparent competition, (ii) outline factors that affect the nature of enemy‐mediated indirect interactions in the field and (iii) identify the way to manipulate enemy‐mediated interactions for biological control. We argue that there is a need to increase the link between community ecology theory and biological control to develop better agroecological methods of crop protection via conservation biological control. In conclusion, we identify (i) interventions to be chosen depending on agroecosystem characteristics and (ii) several lines of research that will improve the potential for enemy‐mediated indirect interactions to be applied to biological control. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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植物检疫术语是进行植物检疫工作交流的前提与基础,对植物检疫工作具有重要意义。本文通过梳理及规范有害生物相关术语及其定义,明确了有害生物与外来物种的相互关系;通过对有害生物风险分析相关术语及其定义进行整理和规范,提出判定植物检疫性有害生物的评估方法,评估过程可结合适生性分析、传播途径、寄主情况及潜在的经济/环境影响等因素,从进入、定殖、扩散可能性及后果评估等方面进行分析。检疫性有害生物与外来入侵物种有一定交集,因此检疫性有害生物的防控对生物入侵防控具有积极作用。而对有害生物和有害生物风险分析相关术语进行规范也为植物检疫性有害生物名单的制修订提供了科学思路。本文提出的定义修改建议及植物检疫性有害生物评估方法较为概括,仅为定义和名单的制修订工作提供参考。 相似文献
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蜜源植物有利于天敌昆虫田间定殖与增效控害,是保护性生物防治的重要组成部分。为筛选及评价蜜源植物对天敌的涵养作用,本研究比较了波斯菊Cosmos bipinnata、千屈菜Lythrum salicaria、荷兰菊Symphyotrichum novi-belgii与对照杂草区域的天敌、害虫种群动态,同时评价了不同种植密度下波斯菊对瓢虫及蚜虫种群数量影响。结果表明：与对照杂草区域相比,千屈菜区域内天敌及害虫数量均显著较多,波斯菊区域内天敌数量显著较高但害虫数量较少,优势天敌为捕食性瓢虫。不同种植密度下波斯菊花带内的捕食性瓢虫和蚜虫数量存在显著差异;种植密度为50%波斯菊花带内瓢虫和蚜虫数量高于种植密度100%,且两种密度下波斯菊花带内益害比均显著高于对照杂草区域。本研究初步表征：波斯菊花带对捕食性天敌具有较好的诱集涵养作用,可作为天敌优良的蜜源植物增效害虫生物防治。 相似文献
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Introduction of pests into Italy appears to be increasing. Between 1974 and 1994, 82 exotic insect species have been recorded as new to Italy, representing approximately four introductions per year, compared with one species per year up to the 1960s and two species per year in the 1980s. To combat these, and native, pests, 28 entomophagous species have been used in the last 20 years in classical biological control programmes. At the same time, 24 other species of entomophages have played a role in pest control without human intervention (i.e. fortuitous associations). There are examples of native and introduced entomophages acting fortuitously or in planned programmes on native or introduced pests. So far, none of the introduced entomophages appear to have caused any negative effects on the Italian ecosystem. However, because of increasing concerns about the possibility of such effects, there is a need to develop clear protocols covering entry and release of biological control agents. 相似文献