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1.
‘Rojo Brillante’ is an important variety of persimmon that after removal of the astringency with high levels of CO2, maintains firmness and sweetness, making possible its commercialization as a fresh-cut commodity. However, the commercial success of the product is limited mainly by enzymatic browning. This work presents the effect of a wide range of antioxidants on enzymatic browning of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon combining in vitro (extracts and precipitates) and in vivo (cut tissue) studies. Preliminary screening of the antioxidants, determined by absorbance and color measurements of persimmon extracts and pellets, showed that 4-hexylresorcinol (Hexyl), citric acid (CA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were effective at controlling browning at 10 mM; whereas, ascorbic acid (AA) required a higher concentration (25 mM). Peracetic acid, cyclodextrin, cysteine, and hexametaphosphate were not effective at controlling browning, even at a concentration of 50 mM. In in vivo studies, AA (1.12%) and CA (0.21%) were the most effective treatments to control enzymatic browning of fresh-cut material, reaching the limit of marketability in 5–7 days, whereas, Hexyl and CaCl2 did not reach 1 day of storage. The results showed that optimum concentrations in cut tissue did not always correlate with the in vitro studies, indicating that antioxidants have an effect not only in browning reactions, but also in metabolic activity and cell wall changes during wound-induced reactions. The results provide relevant information for further development of minimally processed ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon during storage at 5 °C. 相似文献
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Fresh-cut artichokes were treated with cysteine in the form of aqueous solutions of l-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate at 0.5% (w/v) normal pH 2.2 adjusted to different pH values with NaOH (from 2 to 7). General appearance and colour measurements during storage at 5 °C showed different degrees of suppression of darkening on cut surfaces. Cysteine pre-treatments caused an increase in the yellow index (b* value) of fresh-cut artichokes compared to untreated samples, which was more pronounced at lower pH (47.9 versus the initial value of 28.3 after 1 day). Artichokes treated at lower pH values also had a lower appearance score and higher PPO activity than artichokes treated at higher values, closer to neutrality. Starting from 3 days of storage a negative correlation between solution pH and PPO activity was also observed, that for artichokes treated with cysteine at pH 7 was lower than for control samples. l-cysteine pre-treatments did not affect total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of fresh-cut artichokes, which showed an increasing pattern after 8 days. These data may represent an important step in prevention of browning in fresh-cut artichokes. 相似文献
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超高压处理对鲜切山药片质量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为研究适宜的鲜切山药片的保藏方法,采用超高压处理对鲜切山药片进行保鲜。将鲜切山药片分别采用0MPa、200MPa、400MPa和600MPa加压处理10min后,在4℃条件下贮藏9d,分析超高压处理对贮藏期间鲜切山药片中细菌总数、多酚氧化酶活性、褐变指数、可溶性固形物、总酸和维生素C含量的影响。结果表明：600MPa压力处理10min后,可抑制于褐变相关的多酚氧化酶,抑制微生物生长,产品在4℃条件下贮藏9d后,仍然可具有较好的理化指标,表明该法是一种较好的鲜切山药片的保藏方法。 相似文献
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鲜切果蔬酶促褐变物理控制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酶促褐变是影响鲜切果蔬品质的重要原因之一。综述了目前采用物理方法(包括温度控制、氧气控制、高压处理和辐照处理)控制鲜切果蔬酶促褐变的研究进展。 相似文献
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为探究红枣在干燥过程中酚类物质的变化及其与褐变的关系,选用新疆和田大枣为试材,采用中短波红外干燥方式对其进行干制处理,测定其在干燥过程中总酚、总黄酮、单体酚类物质含量及褐变度的变化,并鉴定酶促褐变的底物。结果表明:随着干燥过程的进行,枣果褐变度不断提高,总酚、总黄酮含量不断下降;枣果中共鉴定出11种酚类物质,其中芦丁、绿原酸、儿茶素、表儿茶素是其主要酚类物质,没食子酸、表儿茶素、儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸是枣果的酶促褐变底物,儿茶素是最主要的酶促褐变底物;干制过程中枣果的褐变度与总酚、总黄酮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与儿茶素、表儿茶素、绿原酸含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与没食子酸含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明总酚、总黄酮参与了枣果褐变的进程。研究结果为红枣干燥过程品质调控了提供理论依据。 相似文献
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以莴苣为研究材料,以10 g/L L-抗坏血酸、5 g/L柠檬酸、0.2 g/L水杨酸和0.2 g/L阿魏酸处理鲜切莴苣,去离子水浸泡为对照组,通过测定褐变度、总酚、类黄酮、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性,探讨不同抗褐变剂对鲜切莴苣褐变的影响。结果表明,4种抗褐变剂处理均能够有效抑制酶促褐变有关酶活性的升高,减少多酚物质的含量,降低褐变度,有效地保证了鲜切莴苣的贮藏品质,其中0.2 g/L阿魏酸处理的效果最好。 相似文献
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以超声波(40 kHz、300 W)辅助异抗坏血酸(0.5 g/L)处理鲜切苹果,通过测定褐变指数(BI)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、多酚及丙二醛(MDA)含量,以鲜切无任何处理样品为对照组,探讨超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理(试验组)对鲜切苹果的护色效果.结果表明,在贮藏期内,试验组鲜切苹果的BI值、PPO活性及POD活性均低于对照组,而多酚含量高于对照组.在贮藏初期和后期,试验组PAL活性显著低于对照组,而MDA含量在贮藏初期显著低于对照组.通过超声波辅助异抗坏血酸处理,可以有效抑制褐变关键酶活性,继而延缓贮藏期鲜切苹果的褐变. 相似文献
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马铃薯褐变的原因有非酶褐变和酶促褐变,加工中引起褐变的主要原因是酶促褐变。综述了马铃薯酶促褐变的特性和褐变抑制剂的研究进展,在生产中抑制褐变可将不同方法结合使用,如水洗、热处理、酸处理、添加褐变抑制剂等,抗褐变效果会更好。 相似文献
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利用保鲜剂对鲜切苹果块进行涂膜处理,研究了涂膜保鲜对鲜切苹果块的保鲜效果.以硬度、失重率为主要指标,结合感官评定,研究了羧甲基纤维素钠、柠檬酸、氯化钙、山梨酸钾添加量对鲜切苹果保鲜效果的影响,并通过正交试验进行配方优化,得出可食性涂膜对鲜切苹果块品质影响的最佳工艺参数.结果表明,可食性复合膜的最佳工艺配方为:羧甲基纤维素钠3.0％,柠檬酸0.6％,氯化钙0.25％,山梨酸钾0.5％,该条件下涂膜处理能够获得表面光亮、无褐变、无斑点、无腐烂、清脆爽口的鲜切苹果块,在50 h内不发生褐变和变质,保持一定的硬度,无明显失重,色泽、口感良好.试验结果显示,可食性涂膜可以有效延长鲜切苹果块的保鲜时间,且能保持较好状态,并可用于其他水果的保鲜. 相似文献
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以山药为原料进行鲜切处理,分别在冰温,4,14,25℃下贮藏,通过对样品感官评分、褐变度、失重率、多酚氧化酶活性(PPO)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和菌落总数等指标进行测定,研究冰温贮藏技术对鲜切山药品质影响。随后基于试验数据,利用阿伦尼乌斯方程建立鲜切山药MDA含量和褐变度品质指标的一级动力学模型来模拟鲜切山药的货架期模型,并以偏差度(BF)、准确度(AF)对上述货架期模型进行评价。结果表明,冰温贮藏可以有效延缓鲜切山药的褐变,同时降低失重率,保持多酚氧化酶活性,降低丙二醛含量,维持低微生物水平,能够较好地保持鲜切山药的品质。以MDA含量为品质指标预测的货架期模型AF为0.9,更趋近于1,可以更好地反映鲜切山药的品质指标变化,建模更准确,该模型EA=54732.03232 J/mol,k0=6170217959.94,可在适宜的范围内对鲜切山药进行实时监测。 相似文献
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酶促褐变是导致果蔬组织褐变的主要原因,控制酶促褐变很大程度上能够减轻果蔬采后褐变的发生。本文就国内外关于果蔬采后酶促褐变控制的物理、化学和生物方法的研究进展进行综述,以期为采后果蔬的贮藏保鲜提供理论依据。 相似文献
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This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. 相似文献
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为研究曲酸对鲜切马铃薯的抗褐变机制,以鲜切马铃薯为试材,采用0.3 g/L曲酸溶液进行真空浸渍(VI)处理,用聚乙烯保鲜膜包装后于(4±1)℃下冷藏12 d,分析鲜切马铃薯冷藏期间的褐变指数(BI)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性、总酚含量以及抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明,曲酸VI处理组和对照组鲜切马铃薯PPO活性均呈上升趋势,但曲酸VI处理组的上升幅度显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05),冷藏第12天时,曲酸VI处理组的PPO活性较同期对照组下降了27.6%,这与BI值变化趋势基本一致。曲酸VI处理组的PAL活性也显著低于同期对照组(P<0.05)。然而,冷藏期间曲酸VI处理组的POD活性显著高于同期对照组(P<0.05)。在冷藏0~8 d,曲酸VI处理组总酚含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的抗氧化能力在冷藏初期(0~2 d)差异不大,但贮藏4~12 d,曲酸VI处理组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。因此,曲酸VI处理可以抑制PPO活性,延缓鲜切马铃薯冷藏期间的褐变。 相似文献
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《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2006,39(3):254-264
The shelf life of minimally processed potatoes is limited by enzyme-catalysed browning reactions. Generally, this phenomenon is controlled by the use of chemical reagents such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, or 4-hexyl resorcinol, but it seems that “oxygen shock” treatments are also particularly effective in inhibiting enzymatic browning. The aim of this work was to study the effects of high oxygen partial pressures in combination with ascorbic and citric acid on the development of the enzymatic browning of peeled and cut potatoes (‘Primura’ variety) that were packaged in flexible pouches and stored at 5 °C for 10 days. Different treatments, chosen in according to a central composite design, were applied to the sliced potatoes. The browning development during storage was measured by a tristimulus colorimeter. Second-order polynomial models were computed for three periods of storage (3, 7 and 10 days) to relate the independent variables (oxygen partial pressure, ascorbic and citric acid concentrations) to the colour function attributes.The effectiveness of the statistical approach offered the possibility to investigate the effects of several processing conditions involved in the enzymatic browning of minimally processed potatoes, while the response surface methodology allowed the identification of the optimum range of the independent variables which prevented browning. 相似文献
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西南冷凉地区是我国马铃薯主产区之一,近年来马铃薯产业快速发展,其加工产品不断增加,为解决鲜切马铃薯在保鲜过程中发生的褐变问题,以昭薯ZT032为试材,选取柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、D-异抗坏血酸钠、氯化钙作为护色剂,通过单因素试验,研究了其对鲜切马铃薯片的护色效果,并在此基础上采用响应面法进行护色剂复配研究.结果表明:复合护色剂对多酚氧化酶活性的抑制效果优于单一护色剂,复合护色剂的最优配方为柠檬酸0.47％、L-半胱氨酸0.28％、D-异抗坏血酸钠0.05％、氯化钙0.54％,在此条件下,酶活性抑制率可达95.13％,加工的鲜切马铃薯护色效果较好. 相似文献
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采用分光光度法对砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶促褐变机理进行研究。通过对其所催化的邻苯二酚氧化后所得到的产物吸光度值进行测定,分析了反应时间、pH值、温度和几种抑制剂对砀山酥梨PPO活性的影响,以及研究了破碎打浆、pH值、温度、贮存时间等不同加工过程对砀山酥梨酶促褐变变化趋势的影响。结果表明,以0.1 mol/L的邻苯二酚为底物,测得砀山酥梨PPO的最适pH值为6.5,最适温度为40℃,且随着时间的延长,砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶的活性始终保持稳定;L-半胱氨酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸对砀山酥梨多酚氧化酶的活性均表现出抑制作用,其中以柠檬酸的效果最好;在pH值3.5-4.6,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献低于非酶促褐变,且pH值越高,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献越大;在4℃,室温和37℃下,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献低于非酶褐变,且温度越高,酶促褐变对总褐变指数的贡献越大,温度为37℃时,随着贮存时间的延长,酶促褐变对整个褐变反应的贡献逐渐减小。 相似文献