共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《杂交水稻》2017,(2):29-31
利用39个不育系为材料,采用2因素两向分组资料无重复观察值模型对不育系不同播期间播抽期进行方差分析和差异显著性比较,以明确不同不育系的播抽期受环境的影响程度,为不育系繁殖、制种时的花期安排和调节提供参考。结果表明,5202A、泸香618A、内香6A、绵69A、泸5406A、Y19A、绵7A和川谷A这8个不育系播期间播抽期差异极显著;雅7A、3850A、绵香8A、泸香98A、川106A和旌1A这6个不育系播期间播抽期差异显著;绵香93A、Q3A、绵5A、Q1A、雅5A、贡1A、雅香1A、中浙A、旌3A、6880A、9A、Y17A、德香074A、7402A、82A、Y16A、B213A、德66A、泸56S、16A、5680A、5360A、71A、Ⅱ-32A和宜香1A这25个不育系播期间播抽期差异不显著。不同播期间播抽期差异极显著或显著的不育系的开花期往往存在很大的不确定性,这会给制种的花期安排增加难度,一方面要谨慎使用这类不育系,另一方面用这类不育系繁殖、制种时应更加重视花期安排和调节,以确保父母本花期相遇。 相似文献
2.
云南温光敏两系杂交小麦制种技术研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为探索适于云南高原麦区的温光敏两系杂交小麦制种技术，以云杂3号（C49S-87／98YR5）、云杂5号（K78S／01Y1-1069）为材料，在1997-2005年大面积生产制种中，对与制种纯度和产量相关的主要技术措施进行了研究，制种实践及研究结果表明：父母本行比极显著地影响制种产量，云杂3号、云杂5号的最佳父母本行比分别为2：8和2：6；对于C49S-87，为确保制种纯度和制种产量，制种以利用前3个分蘖穗为宜；叶龄、叶枕距、幼穗长度等均可作为制种中预测父母本花期相遇的形态指标；不育系C49S-87和K78S的制种实践表明，不育系本身的育性参数和异交结实性对建立高效制种技术起决定性作用。2003年以来，已建立了一套基于K78S的简易、高效、低成本的温光敏两系杂交小麦制种技术，制种产量稳定在3750kg／hm。（不含该面积上的父本产量），制种纯度稳定达98％以上。 相似文献
3.
4.
杂交水稻制种成本制约了杂交水稻持续发展。为降低制种成本,实现制种轻简机械化,以恢复系湘农恢887为父本,小粒型两系不育系卓234S、梁2329S、展998S为母本,从父母本粒型、播始历期、异交习性、混播比例、产量性状、混收后机械分选等方面对湘农恢887与小粒型不育系的混播制种进行研究。结果表明,湘农恢887与3个小粒型不育系混播制种花期相遇稳定,湘农恢887表现为花时晚、散粉集中且花粉量充足,小粒型不育系均表现花期长、花时早、柱头外露率高。成熟期混收父母本种子通过机械分选,其杂交种纯度在99.79%以上。卓234S/湘农恢887、梁2329S/湘农恢887、展998S/湘农恢887的父本混播粒比为3.5%时,混播制种产量分别为3.385、3.142、3.013t/hm2,分别比以传统方式制种增产20.2%、16.1%、11.1%。因此,湘农恢887与小粒型不育系配制的组合适合杂交水稻轻简机械化混播制种。 相似文献
5.
绵杂麦168是绵阳市农科所利用具有自主知识产权的温光敏型两用不育系MTS-1和恢复系MR168组配而成。自2005年开始试制此温光敏两系杂交小麦,制种面积逐年扩大,至2010年累计面积达200hm^2,平均单产3．4t,种子质量除2008年遭遇南方特大雪灾, 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
在杂交油葵制种过程中,因气候、父母本播期、父母本行比、栽培管理等因素的影响,使制种田母本授粉不良,结实率低,制种产量与质量难以提高。因此,在对亲本适应性、生育期等特征特性详细观察的基础上,针对油葵制种田不利于母本授粉的具体情况,采取相应的措施,协调好父母本花期,保证父母本花期正常相遇,使母本充分接受父本的花粉,利于提高母本的结实率,进而提高制种产量和质量。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
16.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献