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1.
运用免疫组织化学超敏 SP法对山羊胎儿脊髓发育中神经生长因子 (nerve growth factor,NGF)及其高亲和力受体 Tr KA的表达及其功能进行了系统的研究和探讨。结果显示 ,山羊胎儿脊髓灰质中存在 NGF及其受体 Tr KA,于 6周龄胚就可检测到 ,随胚龄增加 ,其表达范围及免疫反应着色程度逐渐增强。 NGF主要分布于腹角和背角的神经细胞 ,反应产物主要定位于胞质和突起 ;Tr KA的分布主要以腹角及胶状质为主 ,反应产物主要定位于胞核 ,后期胞质及突起也可见到阳性反应。在山羊胎儿脊髓白质中也可观察到 NGF及 Tr KA免疫阳性反应 ,其发育后期更为显著 ,阳性反应主要分布于神经胶质细胞核、神经纤维的轴索及雪旺氏细胞。结果提示 ,NGF不仅对交感和感觉神经元的发育起作用 ,而且还与腹角运动神经元的发育有关 相似文献
2.
对山羊胚胎脊髓胶状质发育的形态学变化了系统研究，结果表明：（1）山羊脊髓胶状质在胚胎第17周以后逐渐较多的神经元胞体和较大的淡染的神经元细胞核，提示胚胎第17周龄是山羊脊髓胶状质神经元发育的关键时期；（2）山羊脊髓胶状质内神经纤维在胚胎第11周时就已出现，而在髓神经纤维的髓鞘则在胚胎第15周时形成，以后逐渐发育成熟；（3）山羊脊髓胶状质的胶质细胞发育较早，在胚胎第6周末胶状质的胶质细胞发育较早，在胚胎第6周末胶状质原基刚形成时，胶质细胞核已经开始分化，到胚胎第18－19周时，胶质细胞又出现一个增殖高峰。 相似文献
3.
对从胚胎期第6周到出生前山羊的延髓主要灰质核团发育的组织学变化进行了系统研究。结果表明：（1）第6周山羊胚胎延髓处在组织发生末期和核团形成初期，是其内部核团构建的关键时期。（2）延髓内不同核团中的神经元发育变化在时间上有较大的差异，在同一核团内神经元胞体发育分化在时间上也有差异，即同一核团内较为成熟的神经元胞体的数量由少到多，细胞质内的尼氏小体也存在由少到多，由小变大的过程。（3）延髓灰质结构形成和神经元发育分化的规律：有些结构发生早，而神经元分化较晚，如下橄榄核、三叉神经脊束核和孤束核；有些结构发生略晚，但其中的神经元胞体分化和发育则较早，如舌下神经核、疑核及延髓的网状结构；有些结构发生早，神经元发育也早，如迷走神经背核。 相似文献
4.
采用外周血淋巴细胞培养及Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ显带技术，分析了云南龙陵黄山羊、马关无角山羊、路南圭山山羊和宁蒗黑头山羊４个保种山羊银染核仁组织区（Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ）。结果表明，４个保种山羊核仁组织区银染有多态：龙陵黄山羊雌性核仁组织区银染分布于Ｎｏ．１、２、４、５、２５号染色体，雄性分布于Ｎｏ．１、２、２５号染色体，显示了性别及分布多态性；其余３个保种山羊雌雄均有相同的银染数目，并都分布于Ｎｏ．１、２、４、５和２５号染色体上。银染显示强度也不同；圭山羊、马关无角山羊最强，龙陵黄山羊次之，黑头山羊最弱。研究还发现染色体Ａｇ－ＮＯＲｓ联合的多态性，即黄山羊、圭山羊和马关无角山羊有联合现象，宁蒗黑头山羊无联合现象。山羊的银染显示强度和联合现象可能与山羊的近交有某种联系。 相似文献
5.
为探明异性抗体对神经元的损伤机制，分离提取猪脊髓前角运动神经元并作为抗原免疫动物，分离纯化ＩｇＧ，这种ＩｇＧ（ａｎｔｉ－ＳＭＮ）对无血清培养大鼠脊髓神经元的影响。结果表明，培养的脊髓中确有部分神经元表达ＬＮＧＦＲｍＲＮＡ，这些阳性细胞呈多角形、三角形或椭圆形，胞浆呈蠛黑色，胞核未着色，即为运动神经元；培养神经元暴露于ａｎｔｉ－ＳＭＮ４８ｈ后，ａｎｔｉ－ＳＭＮ组ＬＮＧＦＲ阳性细胞明显减少，狭缝杂交定 相似文献
6.
【目的】探究貉卵母细胞成熟发育特征,为貉卵母细胞的体外成熟培养及优质成熟卵母细胞的挑选提供依据,以提高貉的体外受精效率。【方法】采集1～3岁(性成熟)繁殖期母貉的新鲜卵巢,制备光、电镜样品,观察貉卵母细胞成熟发育过程中细胞器变化;利用X射线微分析技术探索卵母细胞质膜化学元素变化与成熟发育的关系。【结果】根据颗粒细胞层数、卵泡直径、卵母细胞大小以及透明带的变化,将貉卵母细胞成熟发育划分为8个时期。貉卵母细胞在早期发育阶段(第Ⅰ～Ⅳ期)由颗粒细胞包围,逐渐出现透明带、卵泡腔,生发泡内的染色质越来越致密;随着卵母细胞的成熟发育(第Ⅴ～Ⅶ期),微绒毛、皮质颗粒出现;高尔基复合体、线粒体等细胞器数量明显增加,且逐渐迁移至皮质区,同时线粒体、脂滴形态发生变化。卵母细胞成熟时(第Ⅷ期),高尔基复合体及粗面内质网消失,皮质颗粒在质膜下排列;排卵后,核仁发生致密化。随着卵泡腔的增大,卵母细胞质膜表面的钠、氯和硫含量呈下降趋势,第Ⅴ期卵母细胞质膜中钠、氯和硫含量显著高于第Ⅶ期(P<0.05),钙含量显著低于第Ⅵ期和第Ⅶ期卵母细胞(P<0.05);钾含量呈现低-高-低的变化规律,第Ⅵ期卵母细胞质... 相似文献
7.
影响牛卵母细胞体外发育能力的因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文重点从三个方面探讨了影响卵母细胞成熟发育能力的制约因素：（1）通过分析卵母细胞核成熟和胞质成熟的过程及成熟时各细胞器的状态，指出在体外培养系统中卵母细胞的核成熟，并不代表胞质的成熟，推迟卵母细胞减数分裂的恢复能够有效促使胞质成熟；（2）针对母牛卵巢的功能结构和形态变化，卵泡发育程度及母牛发情周期的不同阶段等有关内容的实验材料，分析了卵泡发育过程中的几种关键因素对卵母细胞发育能力的影响，为了获得较多具有发育潜力的卵母细胞，提出了采集母牛卵巢的适宜情期阶段；（3）根据卵母细胞发育的不同的阶段，提出改善培养体系能提高卵母细胞的发育力。 相似文献
8.
对3～22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察，结果表明：1．7～22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关，肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见．肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整，以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合；2．山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期：胚胎期(3～5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管，主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管，均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6～12周)以支气管树发育为主，小支气管衬以假复层和／或单层柱状上皮；终蕾呈腺状，上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状，胞核向细胞顶端移行；终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛；线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多，它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13～14周)以呼吸部发育为主，原始肺泡开始形成，呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮；终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失，终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮；细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛，胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著，肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态；部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞；Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16～22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主，更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期，毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近，可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种：Ⅰ型细胞，呈矮柱状或椭圆形，胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体；形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞，胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体，内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状，多泡体出现，线粒体膨大变性，细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞，为未分化细胞，呈立方形，胞体较小，胞核相对较大，呈圆或椭圆形，胞质少，呈带状．电子密度低，细胞器少。 相似文献
9.
哺乳动物胎肺发育的形态学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
哺乳动物胎肺的发育可以分5个时期：胚胎期、假腺期、小管期、囊状期和肺泡期。人、绵羊和山羊胎儿至出生时肺的发育已基本完善，处于肺泡期；而兔、大鼠和小鼠的胎儿至出生时肺的发育尚处于囊状期。甩泡表面上皮细胞的分化和气血屏障的形成是肺发育的形态学标志。呼吸功能的建立，与Ⅱ型上皮细胞的分化密切相关。Ⅱ型细胞的分化标志有以下几点：①糖原的变化；②粗面内质网池扩张，并出现絮状物质；③多泡体出现及高尔基小泡增多；④胞质内微管出现；⑤腔面生成微绒毛；⑥致密小体内板层的出现等。 相似文献
10.
山羊子宫内肽能神经分布及妊娠时的变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用免疫组化方法，研究了山羊子宫内含P物质（SP）和含血管活性肠肽（VIP）神经的分布。结果，妊娠及未妊娠山羊子宫颈内有粗细不等的神经束行经于外膜和肌层中，神经分支形成丛状分布于血管壁，子宫颈部未见SP神经元胞体及VIP神经元胞体；未妊娠山羊子宫角内SP神经和VIP神经均呈丛状围绕血管并分布于血管壁；妊娠中期的孕角和非孕角均有胎盘形成，除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经同样分支形成丛状分布于血管壁。结果提示，山羊子宫内SP神经和VIP神经主要支配子宫内血管，妊娠时除胎盘内无神经分布外，SP神经及VIP神经的分布无明显变化。 相似文献
11.
With the cloning of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isaxole propionic acid (AMPA)-type receptor subunits, it is now possible to localize these receptor subunits in the spinal cord. Comparison of the neurokinin 1 receptor distribution with that of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor subunits (GluR1-4), considered to be AMPA-type, was investigated in rat spinal cord by immunocytochemical methods. Different patterns of immunolabelling were observed with the antibodies to the GluR1, GluR2/3 and GluR4 subunits in the lumbar spinal cord. Immunolabelling with antibodies to both GluR1 and GluR2/3 revealed intensive staining in the dorsal horn, while staining for GluR2/3 and GluR4 was dense in the motor neurons of the ventral horn. These results suggest that in the rat spinal cord AMPA-type receptors vary their composition according to the region where they are expressed. Neurokinin-1-receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsal horn do not appear to express the GluR4 subunit, however, whether they express the GluR1, GluR2/3 receptors subunits could not be determined. 相似文献
12.
13.
Uehara M Akita M Furue M Shinozaki A Hosaka YZ 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2012,74(4):495-498
The aim in this study is to elucidate the laterality of chicken spinocerebellar (SC) neurons that originate from the caudal cervical to caudal lumbosacral spinal cord. SC neurons in the spinal segment (SS) 17-20 consisted of a mixture of crossed and uncrossed axons. SC neurons in the more cranial and caudal SS than SS 17-20 (transitional zone) were generally uncrossed and crossed, respectively. In the transitional zone, SC neurons in spinal border cells and ventral border cells of the ventral horn changed dramatically from an uncrossed to a crossed type between SS 17 and SS 18. Chicken SC neurons are markedly different in laterality from mammalian SC neurons. 相似文献
14.
Hwang IK Yoo DY Yoo KY Choi JH Lee HJ Lee CH Moon SM Lee YL Shin HC Won MH 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(3):e10-e15
German Shepherds are a good model for research about aging and neurological disorders such as lumbosacral spinal canal stenosis. We compared neurons, glia and cholinergic neurons in the ventral horn of the lumbar spinal cord (L3) between adult (1–2 years old) and aged (10–12 years old) groups. Any pathological findings were not found by hematoxylin and eosin staining and neurological examination, and the number of NeuN (a marker for neurons)-positive neurons were similar in both groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactive dendrites in the aged dog were decreased without any change in β-tubulin protein level. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (a marker for astrocytes) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (a marker for microglia) immunoreactivity were not significantly changed in both groups. The number of ChAT immunoreactive neurons was decreased; however, its protein level was not significantly changed in the aged group. These results suggest that numbers of ventral horn neurons are not changed, but cholinergic neurons may change in aged dogs compared to adult dogs. 相似文献
15.
G Dirksen K Doll A Hafner W Hermanns E Dahme 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》1992,99(5):168-175
The report describes seven SMA-cases in descendents of crossbreeds of American Brown Swiss x Deutsches Braunvieh. Symptoms and course: After initially normal development of the calves for one to six weeks the disease set in suddenly followed by a rapid lethal course of one to one and a half weeks duration due to asphyxia and/or secondary diseases. Only one case was reported having been sick since birth (?). Characteristic signs were rapidly progressing muscular atrophy, paresis and paralysis of the limbs, the trunk and the diaphragm, usually accompanied by progressive dyspnoea. Signs of congenital neuromyodysplasia (arthrogryposis) of different degree were present in four of the seven calves. Six calves had contracted a secondary pneumonia. Blood gas analysis (6/7) revealed a compensated (1x) or decompensated (4x) respiratory acidosis. Neurohistological findings: Degeneration and loss of motor neurons in the ventral horns of the spinal cord and neurogenic muscular atrophy. Immunohistochemistry revealed a pronounced accumulation of type 200 kD-neurofilaments in perikarya and dendrites of ventral horn motoneurons indicating disturbed mechanisms of the axonal transport. The disease seems to be inherited as a recessive trait. 相似文献
16.
Nine Gelbvieh calves originating in four herds and clinically presenting with rear limb ataxia/paresis had histopathologically confirmed peripheral neuropathy and a proliferative glomerulopathy. Degenerative lesions were severe in peripheral nerves, dorsal and ventral spinal nerve roots, and less marked in dorsal fasciculi of the spinal cord. Cell bodies of spinal ganglia were minimally diseased; ventral horn neurons occasionally had central chromatolysis and nuclear displacement. Glomerular lesions ranged from mild mesangial hypercellularity to glomerulosclerosis. Pedigree analysis of affected animals from one herd indicated a strong familial relationship and probable hereditary basis for the syndrome. 相似文献
17.
猪颈前神经节脊髓颈部和胃内Leptin长形受体mRNA的分布定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用原位杂交法研究了10头长白猪(n=5)和梅山猪(n=5)颈前神经节、脊髓颈部和胃内Ob—Rb mRNA的分布定位。实验结果表明，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元位于长白猪和梅山猪颈前神经节、脊髓颈部和胃内。在颈前神经节，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元散在分布，胞体呈圆形或卵圆形。在脊髓颈部，Ob—Rb mRNA标记神经元分布于背侧角和腹侧角，以背侧角分布密集。在胃内，Ob—Rb mRNA标记细胞分布于黏膜层和黏膜下层。长白猪和梅山猪上述结构内Ob—Rb mRNA的分布定位无明显差异。 相似文献
18.
Our previous study showed localization of glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) mRNA in neurons of the pigeon spinal cord, suggesting glutamatergic input from intrinsic and extrinsic origins. The present study examined localization of vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2) mRNA to confirm an extrinsic origin of glutamatergic neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were examined in DRG and spinal cord to seek projection regions from VGLUT2 mRNA‐expressing neurons. VGLUT2 mRNA was expressed in most DRG neurons and labelling intensity varied from weakly to intensely. Intense VGLUT2 mRNA expression was mainly seen in medium to large neurons. GluR1 and GluR2 mRNAs were expressed in the dorsal horn and GluR2 mRNA signal was also seen in the marginal nucleus. The results suggest that the pigeon DRG has an extrinsic glutamatergic origin that project to the dorsal horn and marginal nucleus of the spinal cord. 相似文献
19.
Lee JC Hwang IK Park SK Yoo KY Seo K Kang TC Oh YS Won MH 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2005,34(4):252-257
This study was carried out to investigate the motor neurone degeneration in the ventral horn following transient spinal cord ischaemia at normothermic conditions in rabbits. Transient spinal cord ischaemia was induced by occlusion of the abdominal aorta underneath the left renal artery for 15 min at normothermia (38.7 degrees C). Sections at the level of L7 were examined using histochemical and electron microscopic methods. Cresyl violet-positive motor neurones began to reduce in number at 3 h after ischaemia reperfusion, and were not detectable at 48 h after ischaemia reperfusion. Acid fuchsin-positive motor neurones were detected at 1 h after ischaemia reperfusion, significantly increased up to 6 h after the ischaemia reperfusion, and eventually disappeared by 48 h after ischaemia reperfusion. In electron microscopic findings, the disintegration of cytoplasmic membranes, and the disruption of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were observed in motor neurones at 30 min after ischaemia reperfusion. Motor neurones showed necrotic findings with pyknotic degeneration at 1 h after ischaemia reperfusion. The necrotic degeneration became severer time dependently after ischaemia reperfusion. At 48 h after ischaemia reperfusion, cellular components were not detectable in motor neurones. In conclusion, we suggest that the degeneration pattern of motor neurones of the ischaemic spinal cord was necrotic after ischaemia reperfusion under normothermic conditions. 相似文献