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1.
Antibiotic resistance in avian bacterial pathogens is a common problem in the Bangladesh poultry industry. The aim of the present study was to provide information on the present status of antibiotic resistance patterns in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in Bangladesh. Of 279 dead or sick poultry of different ages, 101 pathogenic E coli strains isolated from broilers and layer hens with colibacillosis infections were screened to determine phenotypic expression of antimicrobial resistance against 13 antibiotics used in both veterinary and human medicine in Bangladesh. Of 101 pathogenic E. coli isolates, more than 55% were resistant to at least one or more of the tested compounds, and 36.6% of the isolates showed multiple-drug-resistant phenotypes. The most common resistances observed were against tetracycline (45.5%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (26.7%), nalidixic acid (25.7%), ampicillin (25.7%), and streptomycin (20.8%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.9%), chlormaphenicol (8.9%), nitrofurantoin (2%), and gentamicin (2%) was also observed, and none of the isolates were resistant to tigecycline as well as extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. One isolate was resistant to cefuroxime (1%), cefadroxil (1%), and mecillinam (1%) but was not an ESBL producer. Resistance rates, although significant in Bangladeshi isolates, were found to be lower than those reported for avian isolates from the Republic of Korea and clinical, avian, and environmental isolates from Bangladesh. The high level of antibiotic resistance in avian pathogens from Bangladesh is worrisome and indicates that widespread use of antibiotics as feed additives for growth promotion and disease prevention could have negative implications for human and animal health and the environment.  相似文献   

2.
Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. are frequent causes of diarrhoea in humans worldwide mostly originating from poultry. It has been suggested that extensive veterinary use of antibiotics is largely responsible for resistance in human isolates. During a 4-month period from January to April 2004, 192 Campylobacter spp. were isolated from fecal samples of 485 healthy food animals. The in vitro susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined by the agar disk diffusion method. Among the 192 Campylobacter spp. isolated, 135 (70.3%) were identified to be C. jejuni, 51 (26.6%) were C. coli and 6 (3.1%) were C. lari. C. jejuni was the most prevalent species in chickens (80.8%) versus 16.2% C. coli and 3.0% C. lari. All isolates found in pigs were C. coli. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin and all were resistant to cephalothin. More than 90% of the strains were sensitive to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, streptomycin and tetracycline. Resistance was found against ampicillin in 20% and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole in 37.5%. Resistance was not statistically different among C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari (p>0.05). Multidrug resistance to two or more drugs was detected in 14.5% of strains. In conclusion, the study showed that antimicrobial resistance is found only at relatively low frequencies for most antimicrobial agents tested except for ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. The low percentages of resistance to most antimicrobial agents tested in this study may be the result of low/no usage of these agents as a growth promoters or treatment in the Ethiopian animal farm setting. The detection of multidrug resistant isolates may pose a threat to humans and further limits therapeutic options.  相似文献   

3.
Objective  The purpose of this study was to describe the species distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Staphylococci isolated from naturally occurring canine ocular diseases.
Samples and Procedures  Samples obtained from 68 dogs with signs of external eye disease were processed for isolation of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus sp. Isolates were identified by biochemical reactions and tested for susceptibility to 11 antimicrobials of six classes.
Results  Forty (58.8%) samples yielded Staphylococcus sp. in pure culture. Coagulase-positive Staphylococci were most common and Staphylococcus intermedius was the most frequent (45%) species, followed by S . aureus (22.5%) and the coagulase-negative species S. epidermidis (20%), and S . simulans (12.5%). Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 92.5% of the isolates, and multidrug resistance was a common finding (72.5%). The most effective drugs against Staphylococcus strains isolated from extra-ocular canine ocular diseases were ceftiofur and cefalexin.
Conclusion  This study highlights the presence of Staphylococcus sp. genus in naturally occurring extra-ocular canine ocular disease and the emergence of resistant strains to common antimicrobial drugs. It also emphasizes the need for bacterial culture with species identification and susceptibility testing in order to choose the appropriate antimicrobial therapy.  相似文献   

4.
A total of 50 Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated in France from canine pyodermas in 2002 were investigated for their susceptibility to various antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using a 2-fold serial dilution method in Mueller-Hinton agar, and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. About 62% of the 50 strains tested were producers of beta-lactamase and categorized as penicillin-resistant. About 26% demonstrated resistance to sulphonamides, 46% to oxytetracycline, 30% to chloramphenicol, 28% to streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin or erythromycin, 22% to clindamycin, 6% to doxycycline, 2% to gentamicin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin or pradofloxacin. Acquired resistance was not observed to a clavulanic acid-amoxicillin combination, oxacillin, cephalosporins (cephalexin, ceftiofur and cefquinome), trimethoprim, a sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination and florfenicol. About 42% were simultaneously resistant to three or more antimicrobial classes (multiresistance). All isolates with acquired resistance to erythromycin were also resistant to streptomycin and neomycin/kanamycin. About 22% of isolates exhibited cross-resistance between erythromycin and clindamycin and all clindamycin-resistant isolates also exhibited resistance to erythromycin. Resistance to penicillin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol was also positively associated with resistance to erythromycin and streptomycin.  相似文献   

5.
Swine fecal Escherichia coli isolates were tested with the Microtiter broth dilution method for susceptibility to carbadox and 11 other antimicrobials. Of the 138 strains, 136 were resistant to sulfadiazine, 120 to tetracycline, 95 to streptomycin, and 63 to carbadox. Resistance to the remaining antimicrobials also was noted in various degrees, with the exception of amikacin, to which all strains were susceptible. Carbadox-resistant strains also were resistant to other antimicrobials. The multiple resistance pattern was most common to sulfadiazine and tetracycline or a combination of sulfadiazine, tetracycline, and streptomycin.  相似文献   

6.
Thirty nine canine S. pseudintermedius strains were examined for antibiotic susceptibility and genetic polymorphisms. All strains were methicillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP). Resistance to penicillin was most prevalent (66.6%), followed by resistance to neomycin (56.4%), erythromycin (53.8%), clindamycin (48.7%), chloramphenicol (48.7%), and tetracycline (46.2%). Pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) showed a high genetic polymorphism in the investigated strains.  相似文献   

7.
Salmonella isolates (n = 209) obtained from food animals and foods in Alberta during 1996 through 1999 were tested for sensitivity to 17 antimicrobials. Of the 3553 antimicrobial susceptibility tests on Salmonella isolates, 11.8% were positive for resistance. These isolates were commonly resistant to tetracycline (35.4%), streptomycin (32.5%), sulfamethoxazole (28.7%), ticarcillin (27.3%), and ampicillin (26.8%). Resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial was observed in 112 isolates (53.6%). Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen, and S. Heidelberg were the most common serovars among isolates resistant to individual antimicrobials and multiple antimicrobials. The most common profile of multiple-antimicrobial resistance was that which included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and ticarcillin. The proportions of isolates that were resistant to antimicrobials were greater among bovine isolates of Salmonella than among poultry isolates, and this difference was greater among isolates from veterinary diagnostic sources than among those from monitoring sources.  相似文献   

8.
Resistance to 14 antimicrobial substances was tested in 18,647 salmonella strains isolated from animals, their environment and from animal feeds during the period 1984-1987. Of the 2284 Salmonella dublin strains the percentage sensitive to all the antimicrobial substances ranged from 18.1 to 26.8. Resistance to the higher concentration of streptomycin (S25) ranged from 1.9 to 6.4%, whereas the corresponding figures when the lower concentration (S10) was used were 32.3 and 63.8%. Resistance to the higher sulphonamide concentration (Su500) never exceeded 3.3%, although in 1987 70.3% of strains showed resistance to the lower concentration. In general, less than 1% of strains showed resistance to the other antibacterial substances. No strains resistant to amikacin (AK), apramycin (Apr), gentamicin (CN) and colistin (CT) were detected. Of the 8677 S. typhimurium strains the percentage sensitive to all the antimicrobial agents ranged from 6.6 in 1985 to 13.6 in 1987. Resistance to tetracycline (T), ampicillin (PN), trimethoprim (TM) and chloramphenicol (C) ranged from 36.5 to 58.8%, the highest percentages being detected with tetracyclines. Less than 1% of strains showed resistance to furazolidone and none was resistant to amikacin and colistin. Resistance to apramycin ranged from 3.1% in 1984 to 11.6% in 1985; the figures for gentamicin were approximately half that of apramycin. In 1984, 41.6% of strains showed resistance to neomycin but only 8.5% in 1987. The fall in neomycin resistance was associated with the epidemic spread of the commonest phage-type DT204C becoming sensitive to neomycin. Of the 7687 strains of serotypes other than S. typhimurium and S. dublin the percentage sensitive to all antimicrobial agents ranged from 23.7 in 1985 to 14.7 in 1987. Resistance to tetracyclines and sulphonamides (Su500) ranged from 5.2 to 12.1% and 5.8 to 13.3% respectively. Resistance to the other antimicrobial agents was usually less than 5%.  相似文献   

9.
Streptococcal species isolated from dairy cows with clinical mastitis were obtained from mastitis research workers in Florida, Louisiana, New York, Vermont, Washington, and West Virginia. Seventy-one streptococcal isolates were tested, including 39 strains of Streptococcus agalactiae, 21 strains of S dysgalactiae, and 11 strains of S uberis. The minimal inhibitory concentration of erythromycin, lincomycin, oxytetracycline, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline was determined for each isolate. Differences were not detected among strains with respect to geographic origin. None of the strains was resistant to penicillin. Lincomycin was the next most effective antimicrobial, with only 2 resistant strains of each streptococcal species. There were no differences among the streptococcal species with respect to resistance to either penicillin or lincomycin. Streptococcus uberis was more likely to be resistant to erythromycin than were S agalactiae and S dysgalactiae (P less than 0.02). Streptococcus agalactiae and S uberis had similar distributions for resistance to oxytetracycline, tetracycline, spectinomycin, and streptomycin. Strains of S dysgalactiae were more likely to have intermediate resistance to oxytetracycline and streptomycin than were strains of S agalactiae and S uberis, which were highly resistant to oxytetracycline and streptomycin (P less than 0.001). Differences were not detected among the streptococcal species with respect to resistance to spectinomycin. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was observed in all streptococcal species tested. Although S dysgalactiae appeared to have a greater percentage of strains (73%) that were resistant to multiple antimicrobials than did S agalactiae (31%) or S uberis (45%), differences were not statistically significant.  相似文献   

10.
禽致病性大肠杆菌(APEC)是一种能引起鸡、火鸡和其他鸟类肠外感染的致病性大肠杆菌,可以导致肉鸡气囊炎、败血型全身感染、蜂窝织炎和蛋鸡输卵管炎、腹膜炎。为了了解广西地区禽致病性大肠杆菌的耐药表型以及耐药基因的携带情况,本实验室对2019年从广西分离到的69株APEC采取K-B药敏纸片法进行药敏试验,药敏结果显示,69株APEC对氧氟沙星(56.5%)、恩诺沙星(69.6%)、氟苯尼考(79.7%)、氨苄西林(91.3%)、四环素(98.6%)耐药率较高,而对美罗培南、丁胺卡那霉素、呋喃妥因均不耐药;其中,多重耐药现象严重,对10种抗菌药物以耐4种、5种、6种的情况居多。同时用PCR扩增的方法对其耐药基因,包括碳青霉稀类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类、黏菌素类、喹诺酮类、四环素类在内的6大类共计17种耐药基因进行了检测。特别值得关注的是,发现了7株携带mcr-1基因的多黏菌素耐药APEC。药敏纸片法检测菌株的耐药表型和耐药基因存在一定关联度。本研究可为养禽场临床用药提供参考,同时为减缓耐药菌传播、降低对人类健康和公共卫生安全威胁提供依据。  相似文献   

11.
The results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing on 262 strains of Pasteurella multocida and 141 strains of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from cattle and swine from 1971 to 1974 were analyzed for patterns of resistance to streptomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol, using a modified Kirby-Bauer procedure. Resistance was recorded for 80.5% of the isolants of P multocida and 92.2% of those of P haemolytica. Resistance to streptomycin was most frequent, followed by resistance to penicillin and tetracycline. Most cultures of P multocida and P haemolytica were susceptible to chloramphenicol. There were 9 patterns of resistance with the aforementioned antibiotics. The combinations, streptomycin and penicillin and streptomycin and tetracycline, each accounted for approximately 10% of the resistance patterns of P multocida. Approximately half of the 14 isolants of P haemolytica were resistant to the combination of streptomycin, penicillin, and tetracycline. These observations underscore the need for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolants of P multocida and P haemolytica.  相似文献   

12.
Disk diffusion susceptibility tests were done on 1,178 clinical strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS) isolated from dogs during a 7-year period. Relative decreases of 7% to 33% were found in the percentages of CPS sensitive to 8 antimicrobics. Relative percentages of CPS sensitive to 9 other antimicrobics were increased or decreased less than 5%. Sensitivity to the beta-lactam antibiotics showed the least relative change. Regression analysis demonstrated that the greatest change in percentage sensitivity of CPS occurred to gentamicin and cephalothin and the least change occurred to penicillin and ampicillin. Recent canine clinical isolates of CPS, specifically identified as Staphylococcus intermedius (n = 109), were uniformly sensitive to novobiocin, amikacin, tobramycin, spectinomycin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Twenty-two isolates were also sensitive to 17 other antimicrobics. Eighty-seven isolates were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobics tested. Resistance was most common to sulfonamides, penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, and streptomycin. Differences in susceptibility results between S intermedius and unspecified CPS were not statistically significant.  相似文献   

13.
Salmonellosis is a major foodborne infection in Spain, and strains that are resistant to a great variety of antibiotics have become a major public health concern. The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibiotic resistance in 133 Salmonella isolates obtained from a poultry slaughterhouse in Zaragoza (NE Spain). Antimicrobial resistance testing was performed by disk diffusion method using 19 antibiotics. Results were interpreted following the NCCLS criteria. Overall, the highest percentage of resistance was found to the following antimicrobial agents: sulfadiazine (96.2%), neomycin (53.4%), tetracycline (21.8%), and streptomycin (11.3%). All isolates were found to be resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested. Multiple resistance was observed in 87 strains (65.4%). We found 23 different patterns of resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis. Resistance to sulfadiazine was the most common single resistance. The most frequent patterns of multiresistant strains were neomycin+sulfadiazine and neomycin+tetracycline+sulfadiazine. S. 4,5,12:b: showed the highest percentages of resistance to the tested drugs, with five different resistance patterns found. Ampicillin+chloramphenicol+streptomycin+sulphonamides+tetracycline (ACSSuT) resistance pattern, commonly associated with S. Typhimurium DT 104, was not detected in strains of the same phage type from broilers. The appearance of substantial multiresistance in foodborne Salmonella isolates suggests the need for more prudent use of antibiotics by farmers, veterinarians, and physicians.  相似文献   

14.
A study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance and biochemical characteristics of 2690 Salmonella strains belonging to 52 serovars and isolated from environmental and feed samples from 270 turkey flocks in Canada. Resistance of the Salmonella strains to the aminoglycoside antibiotics varied widely; none of the strains were resistant to amikacin, 14.2% were resistant to neomycin, 25.8% were resistant to gentamicin, and 27.7% of the strains were resistant to kanamycin. Most strains (97.6%) were resistant to the aminocyclitol, spectinomycin. Regarding resistance to the beta-lactam antibiotics, 14.3% and 14.4% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin, respectively, whereas only 5 (0.2%) of the strains were resistant to cephalothin. None of the strains were resistant to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin or to polymyxin B. Resistance to chloramphenicol and nitrofurantoin was found in 2.4% and 7% of the strains, respectively. Only 1.7% of the strains were resistant to the trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole combination, whereas 58.1% were resistant to sulfisoxazole. Thirty-eight percent of the strains were resistant to tetracycline. Salmonella serovars differed markedly in their drug resistance profiles. Biochemical characterization of the Salmonella showed that the S. anatum, S. saintpaul and S. reading serovars could be divided into distinct biotypes.  相似文献   

15.
The present study was conducted to study the antibiotic resistance pattern among nontyphoidal Salmonella isolated from human, animal and meat. A total of 37 Salmonella strains isolated from clinical cases (human and animal) and meat during 2008–2009 belonging to 12 serovars were screened for their antimicrobial resistance pattern using 25 antimicrobial agents falling under 12 different antibiotic classes. All the Salmonella isolates tested showed multiple drug resistance varying from 5.40% to 100% with 16 of the 25 antibiotics tested. None of the isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and metronidazole. Resistance was also observed against clindamycin (94.59%), ampicillin (86.49%), co-trimoxazole (48.65%), colistin (45.94%), nalidixic acid (35.10%), amoxyclave (18.90%), cephalexin, meropenem, tobramycin, nitrofurantoin, tetracycline, amoxicillin (8.10% each), sparfloxacin and streptomycin (5.40% each). Isolates from clinical cases of animals were resistant to as many as 16 antibiotics, whereas isolates from human clinical cases and meat were resistant to 9 and 14 antibiotics, respectively. Overall, 19 resistotypes were recorded. Analysis of multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) indicated that clinical isolates from animals had higher MARI (0.25) as compared to isolates from food (0.22) and human (0.21). Among the different serotypes studied for antibiogram, Paratyhi B isolates, showed resistance to three to 13 antibiotics, whereas Typhimurium strains were resistant to four to seven antibiotics. Widespread multidrug resistance among the isolates from human, animal and meat was observed. Some of the uncommon serotypes exhibited higher resistance rate. Considerable changes in the resistance pattern were also noted. An interesting finding was the reemergence of sensitivity to some of the old antibiotics (chloromphenicol, tetracycline).  相似文献   

16.
The species distribution, susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial agents and presence of selected genes encoding resistance to macrolides, streptogramins and tetracyclines were examined among 118 staphylococcal isolates from infections of poultry in Denmark. Isolates were identified using a combination of conventional biochemical testing and 16S rDNA sequencing. The most common species were Staphylococcus aureus (83), Staphylococcus hyicus (11), Staphylococcus xylosus (9) and Staphylococcus cohnii (6). The isolates were susceptible to most antimicrobials tested. A high frequency of S. aureus (30%) was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Only six (7%) S. aureus isolates and one Staphylococcus saprophyticus were penicillin resistant. Resistance to sulphamethoxazole was observed among 16 (19%) of S. aureus isolates and two coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). Twenty (24%) of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to erythromycin and 19 of these isolates contained the ermA gene, whereas the remaining isolate contained the ermC gene. Eleven (48%) of the novobiocin resistant CNS were resistant to erythromycin and all these isolates contained the ermA gene. Two isolates identified as S. xylosus, were found to be resistant to streptogramins and both contained the vatB- and the vgaB-genes. Thirty-nine (47%) of the S. aureus isolates, three of nine S. hyicus and eight of the 23 novobiocin resistant CNS were tetracycline resistant and all contained the tet(K) gene. A single S. aureus isolate also contained the tet(M) gene. The present study showed a frequent occurrence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline and macrolides among staphylococci isolated from broilers in Denmark, whereas the occurrence of resistance to other antimicrobial agents remains low. Similar genes, encoding resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and streptogramins to those previously observed, were detected.  相似文献   

17.
为掌握上海市沙门氏菌在农贸市场和超市禽肉制品和活禽中的污染状况、流行血清型和耐药情况,本试验从320份2012年采集的禽肉样本(240份)和活禽泄殖腔棉试子(80份)中共分离鉴定出沙门氏菌70株,阳性率为21.9%。血清型鉴定结果表明,共鉴定出11种不同的血清型,其中肠炎沙门氏菌占47.1%、印第安纳沙门氏菌占17.1%、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和德尔卑沙门氏菌均占8.6%。通过纸片法对这70株沙门氏菌进行了16种常用抗菌药物的药敏试验,结果表明,沙门氏菌对奈啶酸耐药率最高,达75.7%,对磺胺异唑、链霉素和氨苄西林耐药率较高,分别为60.0%、60.0%和51.4%。除亚胺培南外,其他药物均有不同程度的耐药菌株。有40株(57.1%)沙门氏菌呈多重耐药表型,耐药性最强的菌株可以对14种抗菌药产生耐药性。本研究对沙门氏菌病的防控及指导临床合理用药具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

18.
The aim of the study was to isolate gram-positive cocci from cows with mastitis and to determine their resistance to beta-lactamic antibiotics. Eight hundred and nine strains were isolated and identified as staphylococci (n=516), streptococci (n=199) and enterococci (n=94) from sub-clinical and clinical cases of bovine mastitis in Lithuania. The most common causative agents of udder disease included: S. epidermidis (n=176), S. aureus (n=176), S. agalactiae (n=134), S. hyicus (136) and E. hirae (n=68). Isolates were analysed for antimicrobial resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalothin, cephalexin, amoxicillin + clavulanate. The susceptibility patterns were analysed using the agar disk diffusion method. S. aureus showed the highest level of resistance to amoxicillin (81.3%), penicillin (76.7%) and ampicillin (78.4%). The corresponding values for CNS strains were 59.7%, 59.7% and 50.6% against penicillin, ampicillin and amoxicillin respectively. Streptococci were the most frequently resistant to amoxicillin (29.3%), and enterococci to penicillin (27%), amoxicillin (27.5%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23.8%). The resistance of all tested mastitis pathogens to aminopenicillins and penicillin highly correlated (r=0.83). Compared with other antibiotics, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combination tended to be more effective (p<0.05) against all tested bacteria in vitro. However, S. aureus, in 38.1% of cases, was resistant to this combination of antimicrobials. This study demonstrates that S. epidermidis, S. aureus, S. hyicus, S. agalactiae and E. hirae remain the most frequent mastitis causative agents on Lithuanian cattle farms. The highest resistance in vitro to penicillins was demonstrated by S. aureus, S. hyicus and S. intermedius. Resistance to cephalosporins remains low, irrespective of bacterial species of gram-positive cocci.  相似文献   

19.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance among Escherichia coli strains isolated from the urine of women with cystitis or pyelonephritis and from fecal samples from dogs and healthy humans. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SAMPLE POPULATION: Escherichia coli isolates from 82 women with cystitis, 170 women with pyelonephritis, 45 dogs, and 76 healthy human volunteers. PROCEDURE: Susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was determined by means of disk diffusion testing as specified by the NCCLS. RESULTS: Overall, the 4 most common antimicrobial resistance patterns were resistance to ampicillin, sulfisoxazole, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (n = 45 [12% of all isolates]); ampicillin alone (33 [9%]); ampicillin and sulfisoxazole (29 [8%]); and sulfisoxazole alone (14 [4%]). None of the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, or piperacillin-tazobactam. Resistance was significantly more common and extensive among isolates from women with cystitis or pyelonephritis than among isolates from healthy humans or dogs. Resistance was least common among isolates from dogs. The only resistance phenotype that was more common among canine isolates than human isolates was resistance to sulfisoxazole alone. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that dogs are unlikely to be an important external reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains causing infections in humans. On the contrary the data suggest that dogs conceivably could acquire resistant E. coli strains from humans.  相似文献   

20.
The antimicrobial susceptibility of 151 clinical Streptococcus suis strains isolated from diseased pigs in Spain was determined by a microdilution method. Isolates were mostly susceptible to beta-lactam antimicrobials, aminoglycosides, enrofloxacin, novobiocin and spectinomycin. More than 87% of the S. suis isolates were resistant to tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides and clindamycin. Strains of serotype 9 were significantly more resistant than strains of serotype 2 (P<0.05) to tylosin (94% versus 77%) and clindamycin (94% versus 64%). Eighty-seven percent of the S. suis isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobials and nine isolates (6%) were resistant to at least six antimicrobials. The most frequently identified multidrug pattern involved resistance against tetracyclines, sulphonamides, macrolides and lincosamides, with 69% of the isolates exhibiting this resistotype. Fifteen out of the 22 strains of serotype 2 (68.2%), and 84 out of the 98 of the strains of serotype 9 (85.7%) exhibited this resistotype, indicating its widespread distribution among the strains of the two most frequently isolated serotypes.  相似文献   

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