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1.
《农业工程学报》2016,(7)
蛋白粒子zeta电位是衡量豆乳体系稳定性的一个重要指标,而在电位分析前常采用稀释介质对豆乳进行预处理。为了确保zeta电位测定的准确性和科学性,必须选择合适的稀释介质。因此,该研究采用去离子水、豆乳超滤液两种稀释介质分别对豆乳进行稀释,并比较了这2种稀释介质对zeta电位、粒径分布、p H值以及电导率的影响。结果表明,若以去离子水为稀释介质,zeta电位的绝对值会随着稀释倍数的升高而显著增加(*P0.05),这主要是由于豆乳蛋白胶体粒子发生解聚导致粒径减小,而p H值的升高和电导率的降低则说明豆乳的离子强度显著降低。相比之下,选用豆乳超滤液稀释豆乳时,体系的zeta电位、粒径分布、p H值以及电导率都未随稀释倍数的增加而改变(*P0.05),说明此法能够较好地维持豆乳蛋白粒子的荷电稳定性。由此可知,豆乳超滤液可做为豆乳zeta电位测定的理想稀释介质。 相似文献
2.
玉米醇溶蛋白-壳聚糖纳米营养递送粒子的制备及性质 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用蛋白质和多糖构建纳米营养递送载体，是提高食品活性物质稳定性及利用率的重要手段。为了构建具有缓释特性的纳米营养递送体系，该研究以玉米醇溶蛋白（zein）为基材，构建玉米醇溶蛋白-壳聚糖纳米营养递送体系，以姜黄素（Cur）为营养模型，探究了壳聚糖分子量、zein与壳聚糖质量比对纳米粒子及其负载Cur性能的影响，通过扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscope，SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy，FTIR）等方法表征其结构，阐明复合纳米粒子形成机制，探讨其稳定性和缓释性能。结果表明：不同分子量的壳聚糖对纳米粒子的粒径、多分散性指数和zeta电位有影响。高分子量壳聚糖的加入可使纳米粒子粒径减小，且更加稳定。在zein与高分子量壳聚糖质量比为8∶1时，制备纳米粒子粒径较小（80.13 nm），其zeta电位为46.18 mV；在此条件下，当姜黄素添加量为1.0%时，其包封率和负载量分别为82.93%和8.29%；通过SEM观察，纳米粒子呈球形，分布均匀；氢键及静电相互作用是组装该纳米粒子的作用力；壳聚糖的引入提高了纳米粒子的pH值、离子及储藏稳定性，扩展了其应用范围；与游离的姜黄素相比，纳米营养递送粒子呈现明显的缓释特性。研究结果为构建具有缓释特性的营养递送体系提供了理论基础。 相似文献
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为研究燕麦蛋白的理化性质,本研究采用碱提酸沉法提取燕麦蛋白,并分析不同pH值与温度对燕麦蛋白溶解性、ζ-电位和粒径分布的影响。结果表明,在等电点附近(pH值5.0),燕麦蛋白的表面电荷数最低,蛋白粒度较大,溶解性和乳化性较低。当pH值远离等电点时,燕麦蛋白的表面电荷增加,蛋白粒度逐渐减小,溶解度升高,乳化性也随之升高;随着温度升高(55~95℃),燕麦蛋白聚集体解离,粒度变小,溶解度增加,稳定性变好;温度进一步升高(121、130℃),燕麦蛋白重新聚集形成粒径较大的聚集体,溶解度降低,稳定性变差。本研究结果为燕麦蛋白资源的利用提供了重要的理论指导。 相似文献
4.
沙粒对碱土饱和导水率和盐分淋洗的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为探求碱土饱和导水率与出流液电导率及pH之间的关系,采用室内模拟实验对含沙粒碱土的饱和导水率、出流液电导率及pH进行测定,分析了沙粒添加量和粒径对碱土饱和导水率、出流液电导率及pH的影响.结果表明:随沙粒添加量逐渐增加,碱土饱和导水率不断升高,两者呈极显著指数关系;碱土饱和导水率随沙粒粒径增加呈无规律的变化趋势;出流液电导率和pH值随沙粒添加量增加而降低,电导率和沙粒添加量问存在指数函数关系,但pH与沙粒添加量间无函数关系;出流液电导率和pH值随沙粒粒径增加均呈无规律变化趋势;出流液电导率和pH值均随饱和导水率的升高而降低,二者与饱和导水率间均呈对数关系. 相似文献
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为了准确评价乳的稳定性和加工性能,探讨不同前处理条件对动态光散射检测酪蛋白胶束粒径的影响,研究了稀释液的种类(超纯水、钙咪唑缓冲液、模拟牛乳超滤液和牛乳超滤液)、稀释液温(4和25℃)和稀释液的放置时间(0~48 h)对脱脂乳中酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果的影响,并将酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果与冷冻透射电镜图像中测得的真实结果进行比较。研究发现以超纯水和钙咪唑缓冲液作为脱脂乳稀释液时,部分胶束发生解离,影响测试结果;采用牛乳超滤液及模拟牛乳超滤液作为稀释液时,胶束的微环境没有改变,反映了胶束的真实粒径及分布;放置24 h后,牛乳超滤液及模拟牛乳超滤液将产生颗粒;温度对测试有显著的影响(P0.05):4℃的样品用25℃的稀释液进行稀释后,动态光散射的计数率和粒径分别增大了16.6%和11.4%;25℃的样品用4℃的稀释液进行稀释后,计数率和粒径分别降低了16.1%和9.8%。结果表明酪蛋白胶束粒径的测试前处理较适宜的条件为:在与样品的温度相同条件下,以配置好后24 h内的模拟牛乳超滤液或牛乳超滤液(10 k Da超滤膜)作为脱脂乳的稀释液进行稀释。通过与冷冻电镜条件下测得的酪蛋白胶束粒径的真值比较,发现该前处理条件下酪蛋白胶束粒径的动态光散射测试结果的相对误差为-5.7%~1.8%,表明该样品前处理方法可用于动态光散射方法快速检测酪蛋白胶束粒径。研究结果为快速、准确地获取酪蛋白胶束的粒径信息,进而准确分析乳的稳定性及加工性能提供参考。 相似文献
6.
灌施木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长的影响 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本研究以木醋液为研究材料,采用培养试验的方法,研究了灌施不同稀释倍数的木醋液对土性状(pH、 电导率、 土壤结构、 有机碳)和辣椒生长的影响。结果表明,灌施木醋液后土壤pH随灌施量的增大而降低,EC 值随灌施量增大而升高;灌施木醋液（稀释倍数小于5 倍）能够显著提高土壤有机碳的含量,可增加2 mm、 0.25~2 mm 级别土壤团聚体的数量,有利于大团聚体的形成。生物试验表明,稀释 5 倍以下的木醋液对辣椒产生毒害作用,稀释50倍以上的木醋液可以促进辣椒生长,并增加其产量。综合考虑,建议在农田休闲季节灌施木醋液的稀释倍数为35倍左右,在作物生长季节灌施木醋液的稀释倍数为50~250倍。 相似文献
7.
为探究木醋液对土壤性质和植物生长发育的影响,以玉米、小麦秸秆和杂木在制备生物炭过程中产生的木醋液为研究材料,通过盆栽试验,研究了灌施不同稀释倍数的木醋液对土壤pH、EC(电导率)和茄子生长发育的影响。结果表明,与灌施清水相比,土壤pH值随着木醋液稀释倍数的增大而增大,当稀释倍数增大到1∶300时pH值与灌施清水处理无明显差异。灌施木醋液后土壤EC值随着木醋液稀释倍数的增大而减小,当稀释倍数增大到1∶300时EC值与灌施清水处理差异不显著。生物试验表明,灌施稀释倍数小于10倍的木醋液会对茄子产生毒害作用,灌施1∶50以上的木醋液可以增强茄子叶片净光合作用,增加叶绿素含量,促进茄子的生长发育和根系生长。木醋液对作物的促进作用随着灌施木醋液稀释倍数的增加逐渐减弱,灌施稀释倍数1∶300的木醋液与灌施清水处理差异不显著。研究表明,浇灌适宜稀释倍数的木醋液可以调节土壤pH和EC值,促进茄子生长,这为木醋液在蔬菜种植中的应用推广提供了参考。 相似文献
8.
本文展示了一款可应用于土壤学领域研究的简易流动电位测量装置。为验证该装置的可行性,采用石英砂和包铁石英砂模拟土体所具有的多孔结构和表面电荷特征,基于流动电位法测量了石英砂在不同浓度（0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5、1.0、2.0和5.0 mmol?L-1）NaCl溶液中的zeta电位和石英砂与包铁石英砂在不同pH（4.4、5.2、6.1、6.6、6.9、7.7和8.0）电解质溶液中的zeta电位。同时采用电泳法测量了石英砂胶体在不同pH电解质溶液的zeta电位以作比较。结果表明：在考虑表面电导时,流动电位法测得石英砂在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的zeta电位随溶液浓度的升高逐渐往正值方向移动。这是由于随着离子强度增加,石英砂的双电层厚度受到压缩,zeta电位的绝对值逐渐降低;相同离子强度下,随溶液pH升高,石英砂和包铁石英砂表面官能团发生去质子化作用,流动电位法测得石英砂和包铁石英砂的zeta电位均随pH升高而逐渐降低;由于电荷屏蔽作用,在带负电荷的石英砂表面包被带正电荷的氢氧化铁后,流动电位法测得包铁石英砂的等电点pH（IEP）介于石英砂和氢氧化铁的IEP。此外,流动电位法测得的石英砂颗粒在不同pH电解质溶液中的zeta电位与电泳法测得的石英砂胶体在不同pH电解质溶液中的zeta电位具有较好的一致性。可见采用自制流动电位装置所获结果均与理论预测及常规电泳法测定结果相符,准确度较高。自制流动电位装置结构简单、操作方便、加工制造容易。该装置可被土壤学领域的研究者借鉴参考,以望为土壤电化学研究工作做出贡献。 相似文献
9.
CaCl2和pH值对水酶法提取大豆油形成乳状液破乳效果影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为探明粗酶水相提取大豆油所产乳状液的破乳机制,通过破乳率、Zeta电位、黏度、粒径分布和平均粒径指标分别考察无机盐和pH值对乳状液稳定性的影响。为了比较无机盐的破乳效果,该文在乳状液中分别添加浓度均为0.06mol/L的CaSO_4、CaCl_2、MgCl_2、NaCl,80℃条件下反应10min,结果显示4种无机盐均可显著降低乳状液稳定性,其中CaCl2破乳率最高,然后依次为CaSO_4、MgCl_2、NaCl。尽管CaCl2在60、70、80℃时均可实现彻底破乳,但破乳率随CaCl_2浓度(0.02～0.08mol/L)、反应时间(0～90min)、反应温度(60～80℃)的增加而提升。CaCl_2实现彻底破乳后,破乳率随反应时间延长而下降。添加CaCl_2后乳状液的电位绝对值和黏度降低,油滴发生聚合,平均粒径增加,使乳状液稳定性下降。CaCl_2浓度和反应温度的提升均可导致电位绝对值和黏度下降程度增强,破乳率进一步上升。在50℃、pH为值3～9时,降低pH值可使乳状液电位绝对值和黏度显著下降,导致油滴平均粒径增加,乳状液稳定性下降。pH值为3~4时乳状液的电位绝对值最低,接近0,此时乳状液稳定性最低,破乳率最高。但当pH值小于3时,乳状液电位绝对值和黏度再次升高,致使油滴平均粒径和破乳率降低。光镜照片显示破乳后乳状液中油珠直径明显增大。该研究可为水酶法提取大豆油破乳技术提供理论依据。 相似文献
10.
大豆油体乳液稳定性和流变性分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究大豆油体乳液的基本物理化学性质,将为其工业应用提供参考。以水为介质提取大豆油体,方法无毒,利于食用。对其在不同pH值（pH值2～8）、NaCl浓度（0～250?mmol/L）和加热处理（30～90℃,30?min）条件下的Zeta电位、平均粒径和乳析稳定性进行测定,并对其流变性进行考察。大豆油体乳液的Zeta电位为+20?mV～-40?mV（pH值2～8）,等电点约为4.5。在pH值≤3和pH值≥6条件下,平均粒径均为0.4?μm左右;而在3＜pH＜6时,产生了乳析现象。在较高NaCl浓度下（＞25?mmol/L）,粒径较大和发生了乳析现象。大豆油体乳液在30～90℃加热处理时较稳定。大豆油体乳液呈现出弱凝胶的性质,其黏度随着油质量分数的降低而降低。研究表明,大豆油体乳液在一定的环境条件下是稳定的。 相似文献
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12.
恒电荷土壤和可变电荷土壤动电性质的研究 Ⅱ.阴离子吸附和pH的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本工作研究了阴离子吸附和ＰＨ对恒电荷土壤（黄棕壤和黑土）和可变电荷土壤（砖红壤）动电性质的影响。结果表明,砖红壤吸附不同阴离子后的ζ电位随ＰＨ升高由正电位移至负电位,在ζ电位－ＰＨ曲线上均有一个等电点（ＩＥＰ）在ＰＨ３．５～８之间,相同ＰＨ升高由正电红壤的ζ电位随吸附阴离子的负移顺序是ＨＰＯ４＾２－〉Ｆ＾－〉ＳＯ４＾２－〉Ｃｌ＾－〉ＮＯ３＾－。作为恒电荷土壤的黄棕壤和黑土,在不同电解发质溶液中的ε 相似文献
13.
利用近红外光谱技术检测掺假豆浆 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了对豆乳内在营养指标及掺假豆乳进行快速检测,试验运用近红外光谱技术,利用偏最小二乘法进行回归分析,分别建立83个真伪豆浆样品的蛋白质和总固形物含量定标模型,并对模型的预测性能进行分析。结果表明:选取主成分数为12和14,蛋白质和总固形物含量的近红外光谱预测值与化学实测值之间的相关系数R分别为0.9756和0.9489,校正均方根误差分别为0.186和0.175,预测集样品的预测值和实测值之间的残差值均较小、接近零,残差之和分别为-0.074和-1.191,说明建立的定标模型可以准确预测豆浆中蛋白质和总固形物含量,且预测性能较好;通过对预测集样品的预测值与豆浆行业标准规定值相比较,确定预测集样品中掺假豆浆的正确判别率为100%,说明建立的蛋白质和总固形物含量定标模型可以应用于掺假豆浆的判别检测,且判别结果准确率高。本试验表明利用近红外光谱技术可实现对豆浆主要品质指标的快速无损检测,也可准确进行真伪豆浆的快速判别,本检测方法可为豆乳行业健康持续发展提供一定的技术支撑。 相似文献
14.
Dispersion and zeta potential of pure clays as related to net particle charge under varying pH, electrolyte concentration and cation type 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of changing pH and electrolyte concentration on the dispersion and zeta potential of Na-and Ca-forms of kaolinite, illite and smectite was investigated in relation to changes in their net negative charge. The percentage of dispersible Na-clay and the percentage increase in net negative charge was positively correlated with pH, but the slopes varied from clay to clay. In general, the net negative charge was the primary factor in clay dispersion, and the pH affected clay dispersion by changing the net charge on clay particles. Na-smectite had larger net charge at all pHs than Na-illite and Na-kaolinite, and it always had larger flocculation values. The role of electrolyte concentration could be due to its effect both on flocculation and variable charge component of the clay minerals. The zeta potential at different pHs also reflected the same trend of clay dispersion with net particle charge. In Ca-clays the trends were similar to Na-clays up to pH 7.0. In more alkaline solution CaCO3 formation led to charge reduction on clay particles, resulting in flocculation and reduction of zeta potential. At similar pHs the electrophoretic mobilities of all the clays showed constant potential behaviour. However, the zeta potentials of Ca-clays were always smaller than those of sodic clays because the clays were more aggregated. Net particle charge was the most important factor in controlling clay dispersion for the whole range of pH and ionic strength and for all types of cations. 相似文献
15.
Gu YS Corradini MG McClements DJ DesRochers J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(22):9289-9295
The influence of oil concentration and baking on the properties of low-moisture composites consisting of oil droplets dispersed in a protein-carbohydrate-glycerol matrix was investigated. These composites were produced by blending canola oil, whey protein concentrate (WPC), corn syrup, and glycerol together using a high-speed mixer. The resulting system consisted of oil droplets dispersed in a polar matrix. Some composites were analyzed directly after preparation, while others were analyzed after being heated at 176 degrees C for 10 min to simulate baking. The "lightness" of the composites was greater before baking (higher L value), but the color was more intense after baking (higher a and b values). The lightness and color intensity of the composites decreased as the oil concentration increased, with the effects being more pronounced in the baked samples. The zeta potential of the oil droplets (measured after dilution at pH 6) was highly negative (approximately -40 mV), indicating that whey protein was adsorbed to the droplet surfaces. The mean particle diameter (measured after dilution at pH 6) increased appreciably after baking, which was attributed to droplet flocculation. The rheological properties of the unbaked and baked materials were characterized by squeezing flow viscometry, which showed that the measurements associated with consistency and yield stress increased with increasing oil concentration and with baking. 相似文献
16.
Flocculation experiments were carried out by using a Couette type of viscometer for applying uniform fluid shears to freshwater suspensions of estuarine fine-grained particles. The suspensions were buffered by a maleic acid/ammonium hydroxide system. The objectives of the study are to investigate the relationship between the steady-state sizes of flocculated particles and applied shear at various pH values. The results showed that the rate of particle flocculation increased with the addition of the buffer. With a particle concentration of 100 mg/l and pH of 6.0, the floc size decreased with the increasing shear. While with a pH of 7.5, the floc size increased with the shear until it reached a maximum value at the shear of 400 s-1, and then the size decreased as the shear increased further to 500 s-1. The maximum size shear was found at 200 s-1 for pH 7.9. By increasing the pH value to 9.0, there was no particle growth with any applied shear. The electrophoretic mobility of the particles was measured. It was found that for any constant shear the floc size is inversely proportional to the absolute value of the mobility. That is, the more repulsive the force between particles, the smaller the floc size. The effect of pH on floc size was not uniform within the pH range tested. The results demonstrated that the higher the shear the more significant the changes of floc size due to the pH effect. 相似文献
17.
Zhong-yi Li Ren-kou Xu Jiu-yu Li Zhi-neng Hong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(12):2676-2686
Purpose
This study was conducted in order to examine the effect of colloidal particles on electrochemical properties of charged larger size materials.Materials and methods
A self-made streaming potential apparatus was used to measure the zeta potentials of Fe/Al oxide-coated quartz. The effects of colloidal particles of kaolinite and montmorillonite on the electrochemical properties of Fe/Al oxide-coated quartz were investigated through comparing the difference in zeta potential of the coated quartz in electrolyte and clay suspension.Results and discussion
The change of zeta potentials of the coated quartz, when clay suspensions flowed through, increased with the increasing concentrations of kaolinite and montmorillonite and degree of coating with Fe/Al oxides, and decreased with increased ionic strength of the suspensions. Electrostatic attraction between clay colloids and the coated quartz was the key factor influencing the interaction between the oppositely charged particles. The deposition of colloidal particles of kaolinite and montmorillonite on coated quartz and the overlapping of the diffuse layers of electrical double layers between the oppositely charged particles were responsible for the change in zeta potential of Fe/Al oxide-coated quartz. The relative contribution of the deposition of clay particles to the change in zeta potential was greater than that of the overlapping of diffuse layers.Conclusions
When clay suspensions flowed through the saturated sand of Fe/Al oxide-coated quartz, both overlapping of diffuse layers between charged sand and clay particles and deposition of clay particles contributed to change of zeta potential of the coated quartz.18.
为了探讨电导率在酒精发酵过程在线监测的适用性,对酒精发酵过程中电导率与还原糖、酒精度、pH值的变化规律以及氯化钙和硫酸铵2种盐类对电导率的影响进行了研究。结果表明：电导率与还原糖和酒精度之间存在着一定的逻辑关系,即在电导率下降阶段,电导率随着还原糖的降低而下降,随着酒精度的增加而上升。利用电导率的测量值间接地反映还原糖和酒精度的变化;同时,电导率达到最低点时,酒精度和还原糖均符合酒精发酵终点的参数指标,可以据此确定酒精发酵的终点。pH值与电导率之间存在着一定的线性关系（发酵60 h前变化规律相同）;氯化钙和硫酸铵2种盐类在一定范围内对电导率的变化不产生影响。因此,试验成果可用于酒精发酵过程的在线监测和发酵终点的判定。 相似文献
19.
Electrokinetic remediation is one of the promising subsurface clean up techniques whose efficiency is directly affected by the zeta potential of clay minerals. To determine the factors affecting the zeta potential, in turn, electrokinetic remediation, the zeta potential of kaolinite is determined usingelectrophoretic mobility in the salt and heavy metals ions asfunctions of pH and concentration. The zeta potential of kaolinite ranged from -25 mV (pH 3) to -42 mV (pH 11) in water. The zeta potential of kaolinite became more negativewith increasing pH. The zeta potential of kaolinite was also found to be sensitive to the valence of ions. Results, furthermore, revealed that kaolinite has higher zeta potentialvalues in the presence of NaCl and LiCl than in water. However, the zeta potential of kaolinite decreased with divalent cationssuch as Ca2+ and Mg2+. The zeta potential of kaolinitewith heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, Co2+ and Pb2+ showed a similar trend, i.e., increase in the concentration ofthese ions caused a decrease in the zeta potential up to neutral pH, then it became positive. In highly basic environments, thezeta potential became negative again, giving two apparent pzcs. One of two apparent pzcs was attributed to kaolinite and the other one to the precipitation of these ions in highly basic solutions (pH ≥ 9). 相似文献