首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 328 毫秒
1.
基于淮北平原自然降雨条件下2个连续汛期观测的降雨-径流试验数据,分析不同试验处理下农田地表产流规律和氮磷浓度及其构成,探讨地表径流氮磷浓度和流失量的时间变化过程及其分布差异。结果表明,当地农田地表径流氮磷浓度构成分别以颗粒态氮和可溶性磷为主,而可溶性氮中又以溶解性有机氮为主,且硝态氮是农田地表径流无机氮流失的主要成分。汛初7月不同土地利用方式下农田地表径流量及铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性氮磷和颗粒态氮磷的浓度及流失量间的差异相对较小,但8月期间的差异却明显增加,低秆高密度作物种植模式下的相应流失量最低。在淮北平原夏季种植黄豆、棉花等矮秆高密度作物,可起到有效减少地表径流氮磷流失量的作用,减缓因农业非点源污染对地表水体富营养化产生的潜在威胁。  相似文献   

2.
以秭归县兰陵溪小流域为研究对象,基于2016年5—9月自然降雨条件下,对三峡库区内典型退耕还林模式(茶园、板栗林、柑橘园)及原有农耕地(对照)径流小区的土壤侵蚀及养分流失情况进行了监测和分析,评估退耕还林工程实施后对小流域土壤侵蚀及氮磷养分流失的影响。结果表明:(1)退耕还林后土壤侵蚀量和总氮、总磷流失量明显减少,与农耕地相比,板栗林、柑橘园和茶园地表径流流失减少幅度分别为41.95%,22.78%,6.11%,土壤侵蚀减少幅度分别为87.91%,75.26%,58.94%,总氮流失量减少幅度分别为52.42%,44.08%,31.26%,总磷流失量减少幅度为72.87%,70.45%,43.24%。(2)相较农耕地,退耕还林模式速效氮流失量明显减少,硝态氮流失量顺序为农耕地332.09g/hm~2茶园243.42g/hm~2板栗林124.76g/hm~2柑橘园123.18g/hm~2,铵态氮流失量顺序为农耕地184.22g/hm~2茶园132.18g/hm~2柑橘园117.62g/hm~2板栗林91.42g/hm~2,且硝态氮流失量占总氮流失量比率高于铵态氮。(3)总氮、总磷主要通过侵蚀泥沙途径流失,速效氮流失的主要途径是地表径流。流域内主要污染物为随侵蚀泥沙流失的总氮。  相似文献   

3.
湖南双季稻田不同氮磷施用量的径流损失   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
研究双季稻田不同施肥量处理的氮磷降雨径流损失规律,对于指导双季稻合理施肥、保护水环境具有重要的现实意义。本研究采用田间试验结合径流小区监测方法,对湖南双季稻田不同氮、磷施用量的径流损失进行了研究。结果表明,单次径流事件中径流水的氮、磷含量随施肥量的增加而增大;基肥和追肥后10d内发生的3次径流事件中径流水的氮磷含量较高,其中总氮含量最高达10.880mg.L-1,总磷含量最高为0.202mg.L-1;铵态氮和硝态氮是稻田总氮径流损失的主要形态,水稻生长前期以铵态氮为主,后期则以硝态氮为主;可溶性磷占总磷比例为11.0%~94.0%;整个双季稻期间不同施肥量处理的总氮流失量为3.710~7.290kg.hm-2,流失系数为1.870%~3.771%,总磷流失量为0.200~0.320kg.hm-2,流失系数为0.327%~0.966%;氮、磷流失量与其施用量存在极显著的线性正相关,相关系数分别为0.978和0.997。氮、磷流失系数随氮、磷施用量增加而下降。适当减少双季稻田氮磷施用量能有效控制稻田的氮磷径流损失量,减小对地表水质的威胁。  相似文献   

4.
控释肥对坡地农田地表径流氮磷流失的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
2010年5-9月降雨季,在鲁中山区种植春花生的坡地农田中进行野外降雨径流观测试验,研究了不同坡度下,施用普通复合肥(CCF)和纯控释肥(CRF)对地表径流液和径流泥沙中铵态氮、硝态氮、可溶性磷、颗粒态氮和磷、总氮和总磷的影响。结果表明,花生生长前期,与CCF相比,施用CRF的坡地地表径流中可溶性养分流失含量较低,其中铵态氮含量低5.0%~74.2%,硝态氮含量低3.9%~37.0%,可溶性磷含量低7.1%~94.1%;CRF处理径流中颗粒态氮和磷含量在花生生长前期低于CCF处理,花生生长后期CRF处理径流液总氮、总磷含量高于CCF处理;在整个监测期内,CRF处理径流中总氮和总磷含量低于CCF处理。不同坡度下,随着坡度的增大,CCF和CRF的径流养分流失量变化为15°>10°>5°>0°,表明在坡地条件下,CRF能维持作物生长后期较高土壤养分含量,有利于提高氮磷的利用效率,减少雨季氮磷地表径流养分流失,降低农业面源污染。  相似文献   

5.
为研究施用不同肥料类型（尿素、鸡粪）及用量（349.6,174.8 kg/hm2）下坡面氮素流失规律,采用人工模拟降雨试验方法,探究二者氮素流失差异的原因,并阐述肥料用量对氮素流失量的影响。结果表明：施肥后坡面氮素流失以泥沙全氮流失为主,占比可达78.16%~93.46%;径流硝态氮浓度高于铵态氮浓度,且径流总氮流失以硝态氮流失为主要形式,流失量占径流总氮流失量的38.53%~48.62%。肥料类型对坡面泥沙全氮浓度影响不明显,施用鸡粪处理泥沙硝态氮浓度和铵态氮浓度较高。等氮施用鸡粪可以减少坡面径流总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮流失浓度,分别减少68.64%~74.23%,70.09%~72.54%,27.90%~39.45%。等氮鸡粪替代尿素可以减少坡面氮素流失总量的11.07%~15.81%,减少径流总氮形式流失量70.55%~73.36%。坡面施氮量增加,氮素流失浓度增加,氮素流失总量也随之增加,可增加6.00%~11.00%。全量鸡粪替代半量尿素可减少坡面氮素流失总量,其效果较半量鸡粪处理下降10.40%。农业施用氮肥时,应合理选择施用量,并少量多次施用。尽量选择有机肥替代传统氮肥,以减少地表径流氮素浓度。做好水土保持工作,以降低水土流失携带大量的氮素对环境所造成的威胁。  相似文献   

6.
秸秆覆盖对玉米和青花农田土壤面源污染负荷的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
在滇池流域通过田间试验,研究稻草秸秆覆盖对玉米和青花农田地表径流流失量、地表径流中总氮(TN)、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷(TP)及径流泥沙含量的削减。结果表明:(1)地表径流的大小与降雨量呈显著正相关。与未覆盖相比,在稻草秸秆覆盖下玉米地的地表径流量削减率为31.6%,径流中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷和泥沙含量的削减率达到16.9%~44.9%。(2)在稻草秸秆覆盖下青花地地表径流量削减率为35.4%,径流中总氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、总磷和泥沙含量的削减率分别为35.8%~38.0%。(3)秸秆覆盖可显著增加玉米各部位和青花根中总氮含量、青花和玉米根部及果实中总磷含量。因此,秸秆覆盖能促进植物对氮、磷的吸收,减少地表径流及养分输出,可有效降低农田面源污染的输出。  相似文献   

7.
三峡库区橘园种植绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  
在自然降雨条件下,采用径流小区法研究三峡库区橘园种植绿肥作物光叶苕子、白三叶和鼠茅草对土壤养分流失的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,橘园连续3a种植光叶苕子、白三叶和鼠茅草,其径流水总量分别减少11.0%,11.4%和24.0%;总氮流失量分别减少8.3%,16.7%和40.8%;总磷流失量分别减少7.5%,25.3%和58.0%;可溶性总氮流失量分别减少15.1%,28.0%和52.1%;可溶性总磷流失量分别减少24.3%,30.6%和53.8%;铵态氮流失量分别减少10.1%,23.7%和50.9%;硝态氮流失量分别减少21.9%,35.8%和55.1%。各形态的氮、磷养分浓度较对照也有一定程度的降低。橘园种植绿肥,尤其是种植鼠茅草,可有效地减少地表径流量以及地表径流水中的养分浓度,且二者共同作用,对养分流失量的减少效果更为明显。  相似文献   

8.
绿肥覆盖对紫色土坡耕地柑橘园氮磷流失的阻控效应研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为探明紫色土坡耕地不同绿肥覆盖对柑橘园径流和养分流失的阻控效应,在田间径流小区设置黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)、光叶苕子(Vicia villosa Roth var.)、二月兰(Orychophragmus violaceus)和清耕对照4个处理,定量监测了在自然降雨条件下不同处理的径流及氮磷养分流失量。结果表明,与清耕对照相比,周年内绿肥覆盖可显著降低8.7%~27.0%的地表径流量、30.1%~50.6%总氮流失量和32.4%~62.9%总磷流失量。绿肥覆盖对径流和养分的阻控效应在不同品种间存在差异,整体表现为黑麦草>光叶苕子>二月兰。与清耕对照相比,黑麦草覆盖使径流中总氮、可溶性氮、硝态氮和铵态氮的流失总量分别减少50.6%,47.0%,49.5%和48.1%;总磷、可溶性磷和磷酸盐流失总量分别减少62.9%,62.6%和62.6%。此外,绿肥覆盖对不同形态养分的阻控效应也有所不同,其径流液中以可溶性氮和颗粒态磷的流失占比最大,分别占总氮和总磷的59.6%~67.0%和68.6%~71.8%。综上,绿肥覆盖栽培能有效降低紫色土坡耕地柑橘园径流及氮磷的流失,其中以覆盖栽培黑麦草和光叶苕子较好。研究结果为紫色土坡耕地柑橘园水土保育和面源污染防治提供了依据。  相似文献   

9.
通过连续2a的采样测定,研究了不同施肥措施和灌木缓冲带对雷竹林径流水中不同形态氮流失的影响。结果表明,不同处理雷竹林地表径流量与降雨量间均存在着极显著的正相关关系。平均而言,灌木缓冲带可以减少雷竹林地表径流量的32.62%。与常规施肥相比,减量施肥可以使雷竹林径流水中总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮的浓度分别减少39.70%,35.14%和47.16%,累积流失量分别减少34.65%,30.15%和41.73%。灌木缓冲带可以减少常规施肥雷竹林径流水中总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮浓度的81.33%,75.78%和91.74%,减少累积流失量的87.49%,84.14%和93.99%;可以减少减量施肥总氮、硝态氮和铵态氮浓度的64.23%,59.00%和78.12%,减少累积流失量的79.32%,75.98%和86.40%;可溶性氮为雷竹林径流水中氮流失的主要成分。减量施肥措施和灌木缓冲带对雷竹林径流水中不同形态氮流失均有很好的控制作用。  相似文献   

10.
太湖流域典型蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  
以太湖流域典型蔬菜地为研究对象,采用田间径流池法进行田间小区试验,研究不同施肥模式下蔬菜地地表径流氮磷流失特征。结果表明：地表径流总氮流失量为45.76～60.45 kg/hm^2,总磷流失量为2.67～3.95 kg/hm^2。与常规施肥相比,优化施肥可使地表径流氮磷流失量分别减少2.48,0.31 kg/hm^2;而增氮施肥和增磷施肥处理的地表径流总氮流失量分别增加了7.76%,3.83%,总磷流失量增加2.84%,9.55%。总氮、总磷流失量与径流量呈显著线性相关,且总磷流失量与径流量的相关性更强（R2=0.913）。应加强汛期时段的田间管理和对磷的监控,减少磷流失量。有机肥与化肥以1：1配施,可有效降低菜地氮磷排放,提高蔬菜产量和氮肥利用率分别为25%,23%。  相似文献   

11.
Heat and alkali treatments of foods, widely used in food processing, result in the formation of dehydro and cross-linked amino acids such as dehydroalanine, methyldehydroalanine, beta-aminoalanine, lysinoalanine (LAL), ornithinoalanine, histidinoalanine (HAL), phenylethylaminoalanine, lanthionine (LAN), and methyl-lanthionine present in proteins and are frequently accompanied by concurrent racemization of L-amino acid isomers to D-analogues. The mechanism of LAL formation is a two-step process: first, hydroxide ion-catalyzed elimination of H(2)S from cystine and H(2)O, phosphate, and glycosidic moieties from serine residues to yield a dehydroalanine intermediate; second, reaction of the double bond of dehydroalanine with the epsilon-NH(2) group of lysine to form LAL. Analogous elimination-addition reactions are postulated to produce the other unusual amino acids. Processing conditions that favor these transformations include high pH, temperature, and exposure time. Factors that minimize LAL formation include the presence of SH-containing amino acids, sodium sulfite, ammonia, biogenic amines, ascorbic acid, citric acid, malic acid, and glucose; dephosphorylation of O-phosphoryl esters; and acylation of epsilon-NH(2) groups of lysine. The presence of LAL residues along a protein chain decreases digestibility and nutritional quality in rodents and primates but enhances nutritional quality in ruminants. LAL has a strong affinity for copper and other metal ions and is reported to induce enlargement of nuclei of rats and mice but not of primate kidney cells. LAL, LAN, and HAL also occur naturally in certain peptide and protein antibiotics (cinnamycin, duramycin, epidermin, nisin, and subtilin) and in body organs and tissues (aorta, bone, collagen, dentin, and eye cataracts), where their formation may be a function of the aging process. These findings are not only of theoretical interest but also have practical implications for nutrition, food safety, and health. Further research needs are suggested for each of these categories. These overlapping aspects are discussed in terms of general concepts for a better understanding of the impact of LAL and related compounds in the diet. Such an understanding can lead to improvement in food quality and safety, nutrition, microbiology, and human health.  相似文献   

12.
Nitrofurans were broadly used as an extremely effective veterinary antibiotic especially in pig and poultry production farms. Because of fears of the carcinogenic effects on humans, the nitrofurans were banned from use in livestock production in many countries, including the European Union. The present study examines the accumulation, distribution, and depletion of furaltadone and nifursol and of their tissue-bound metabolites [3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ) and 3,5-dinitro-salicylic acid hydrazine (DNSAH), respectively, in poultry edible tissues (muscle, liver, and gizzards) following administration to chickens of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of both compounds. Nitrofurans determination was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, respectively, for feeds and for poultry tissues. Furaltadone and nifursol, in very low concentrations, were found in samples of muscle, liver, and chicken's gizzard collected from slaughtered animals after 5 weeks of treatment and no withdrawal time period. When a withdrawal time period of 3 weeks was respected, no detectable nitrofuran parent compounds was observed in all of the studied matrices. For AMOZ, concentrations of 270 μg/kg in meat, 80 μg/kg in liver, and 331 μg/kg in gizzard were determined after administration of a medicated feed with furaltadone (132 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. For DNSAH, the concentration values obtained are much lower than those observed for AMOZ. For meat, liver, and gizzard, DNSAH concentrations of 2.5, 6.4, and 10.3 μg/kg, respectively, were determined, after administration of a medicated feed with nifursol (98 mg/kg), 3 weeks after withdrawal of treatment. The gizzard could be considered a selected matrix for nitrofuran residues evaluation in poultry, due to its capacity of retaining either nitrofuran parent compounds or metabolites in higher concentrations, regardless of the administered dose or of the respected withdrawal time period.  相似文献   

13.
This study was conducted to determine relationships between Al toxicity and mineral uptake of triticale (X Triticosecale, Wittmack), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and rye (Secale cereale L.). Two culti‐vars of each species were grown in 1/5‐strength Steinberg solution with 0, 3, 6, or 12 ppm Al added. The solutions were adjusted to pH 4.8 at transplanting and were not adjusted thereafter. The plants were grown in a growth chamber for 19 days before harvesting to determine nutrient solution pH, dry weights, and Al, Ca, Mg, K, and P levels in plants. Increasing Al concentration reduced the final pH of solutions. The addition of 12 ppm Al severely reduced the growth and increased Al concentration of plant tops. The Al levels in roots generally increased with increments of added Al up to 6 ppm. Increasing Al decreased the uptake of Ca, Mg, and P by plant tops more than that of K. Regression analyses indicated that Al toxicity was associated with increasing K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios and decreasing P concentration in plant tops. Differences between species were: higher Al concentration in rye than wheat with 6 and 12 ppm Al, higher translocation of Ca from roots to tops in wheat than in rye and Mg in triticale and wheat than rye; K/Ca + Mg equivalent ratios associated with 50% reduction in top growth followed the order: triticales > tolerant wheat > sensitive wheat > rye. Differences in mineral uptake associated with Al toxicity in wheat were more indicative of differential Al sensitivity in wheat than in triticale and rye which have higher internal Al tolerance.  相似文献   

14.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a cereal grown for animal feed, human consumption, and malting. Nutrient concentrations are important as they provide information regarding the dietary values of barley consumed by animals or human beings. In addition, grain nutrient removal may be useful for refining fertilizer recommendations. A study was conducted in 2015 and 2016 investigating the cultivar effects on grain yield, quality, and grain nutrient concentrations and removal under irrigated conditions for two-row barley cultivars. Adjunct and feed cultivars produced the highest yields compared with the all-malt and food cultivars. Specific quality and nutrient values were greater than or equal to in the food cultivar compared to the malt or feed cultivars. Variations in nutrient concentrations were measured among the adjunct and all-malt cultivars, which could potentially affect the malting and brewing qualities. Grain yield, quality, nutrient concentrations and nutrient removal varied among cultivars grown under identical environmental conditions, which may influence end-use.  相似文献   

15.
Among plant-derived odorants, damascenone is one of the most ubiquitous, sometimes occurring as an apparent natural product but more commonly occurring in processed foodstuffs and beverages. It has been widely reported as a component of alcoholic beverages, particularly of wines made from the grape Vitis vinifera . Although damascenone has one of the lowest ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of any odorant, its contribution to the sensory properties of most products remains poorly understood. Damascenone can be formed by acid-catalyzed hydrolyses of plant-derived apocarotenoids, in both aglycon and glycoconjugated forms. These reactions can account for the formation of damascenone in some, but not all, products. In wine, damascenone can also be subject to degradation processes, particularly by reaction with sulfur dioxide.  相似文献   

16.
The total phenolics and antioxidant activities of fenugreek, green tea, black tea, grape seed, ginger, rosemary, gotu kola, and ginkgo extracts, vitamin E, and tert-butylhydroquinone, were determined. Grape seed and green tea were analyzed for their phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolics of the plant extracts, determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, ranged from 24.8 to 92.5 mg of chlorogenic acid equivalent/g dry material. The antioxidant activities of methanolic extracts determined by conjugated diene measurement of methyl linoleate were 3.4-86.3%. The antioxidant activity of the extracts using chicken fat by an oxidative stability instrument (4.6-10.2 h of induction time) followed a similar trend in antioxidant activity as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Seven phenolics in grape seed and green tea extracts were identified that ranged from 15.38 to 1158.49 and 18.3 to 1087.02 mg/100 g of extract, respectively. Plant extracts such as green tea and grape seed extracts can be used to retard lipid oxidation in a variety of food products.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10‐5 M) and 142 (with 10‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10‐4 M AgNO3; at 10‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10‐5 N Cr2O7 were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr2(SO4)3 was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract

Long‐term no‐tillage has profound effects on soil properties which can affect the availability of plant nutrient elements. The objectives were to study the effects of tillage and lime treatments on soil pH and extractable soil micronutrients where poultry litter was used as a nitrogen (N) source. Surface soil samples were taken in the spring and fall for two years from a long‐term tillage experiment that had been in place for nine years. There were two tillage treatments [conventional (CT) and no‐tillage (NT)] and six lime/ gypsum treatments (control, 8,960 kg gypsum ha‐1 every fourth year, 4,480 kg lime ha‐1 every fourth year, and three treatments of 8,960 kg lime ha‐1 in a four‐year period divided by application times into 1, 2, and 4 treatments per year). Poultry litter was applied each year of the two‐year experiment at a rate of 8.96 Mg ha‐1 on a dry weight basis. The crop was corn (Zea maize L.). Soil samples were analyzed for pH and Mehlich‐1 zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu). Soil pH was higher for NT than CT and was higher in the spring than in the fall. Lime rates resulted in soil pH increases, but showed less difference for CT than NT. The three 8,960 kg ha‐1 per four yr treatments caused an interaction in that for CT the pH increased more for 2,240 kg ha‐1each year than for 8,960 kg ha‐1 every fourth year and the opposite was true for NT. Extractable Zn, Mn, and Cu all responded to this interaction being lower for the higher pH plots. Extractable Zn was higher for NT possibly due to high Zn from the poultry litter and non‐incorporation for NT. Extractable Cu was lower for NT as expected from the soil pH, whereas extractable Mn was not affected by tillage. Extractable Zn and Cu both increased over time due to inputs from the poultry litter. Neither extractable Zn nor Mn responded to increasing lime rates, however Cu decreased with increasing lime rate. Extractable Cu was influenced mainly by soil pH differences due to tillage and lime. Extractable Zn was influenced much more by tillage and from inputs by the poultry litter and not as much by pH differences. Extractable Mn was the least responsive to tillage and lime treatments of the three micronutrients studied.  相似文献   

19.
This study was designed to estimate the dietary intake of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) by the general population of Catalonia, Spain. The concentrations of these elements were determined in food samples randomly acquired in seven cities of Catalonia between June and August 2000. A total of 11 food groups were included in the study. As, Cd, Hg, and Pb levels were measured by ICP-MS and AAS. The dietary intake of these elements was determined by a total diet study. Calculations were carried out on the basis of recent data on the consumption of the selected food items. Trace element intake was estimated for five population groups: children, adolescents, male and female adults, and seniors. The highest dietary intakes of As (223.6 microg/day), Cd (15.7 microg/day), Hg (21.2 microg/day), and Pb (28.4 microg/day) corresponded to male adults. For all analyzed elements, fish and shellfish was the group showing the highest contribution to the respective intakes. In comparison with previous results, a general decrease in As, Cd, Hg, and Pb intake has occurred. The dietary intake of these elements was also compared with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). Dietary intakes of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb by the population of Catalonia are currently well below the respective PTWIs.  相似文献   

20.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号