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1.
为了减少土壤磷素流失,提高磷肥利用效率,探究不同生物炭对棕壤中磷素吸附解吸行为的影响规律,以水稻秸秆、玉米秸秆和花生壳为原材料,利用限氧升温炭化法制备生物炭,通过批量吸附实验研究了生物炭种类和生物炭添加量对棕壤磷吸附解吸的影响。结果表明：水稻秸秆生物炭在添加量为0.4%时显著提高棕壤对磷的吸附量,花生壳生物炭和玉米秸秆生物炭则显著降低棕壤对磷的吸附量；等温吸附曲线表明,不同生物炭均未改变等温吸附曲线的变化趋势,均可用Langmuir方程和 Freundlich 方程进行描述(R2>0.93),其中 Langmuir 方程拟合效果更好,不同处理对磷的理论吸附量大小顺序为：水稻秸秆生物炭+棕壤>棕壤>花生壳生物炭+棕壤>玉米秸秆生物炭+棕壤；吸附动力学实验表明,不同生物炭均未改变磷吸附动力学曲线的变化趋势,在所有动力学模型中,准二级动力学模型最适合描述土壤对磷的吸附行为(R2>0.99),其次为准一级动力模型(R2>0.99)和Elovich动力学模型(R2>0.88)；三种生物炭均显著促进棕壤对磷的解吸,当生物炭添加量为≥0.2%时,水稻秸秆生物炭、玉米秸秆生物炭和花生壳生物炭,分别可提高棕壤对磷的解析率50%、70%和90%以上。由此可见,不同生物炭可提高棕壤对磷素的供应和利用,水稻秸秆生物炭在减少棕壤磷素流失、保护生态环境方面具有更大的应用价值。 相似文献
2.
水稻秸秆生物质炭对土壤磷吸附影响的研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文以水稻秸秆为原料,分析了不同热解温度下生物炭的性质,并利用批处理实验,分析了生物炭添加量和热解温度对土壤磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明：随着热解温度的升高,生物炭的碳化程度、比表面积和磷含量增加。生物炭添加显著减少了土壤对磷的吸附量,而且随着生物炭热解温度的增加,土壤对磷的吸附量显著增加。Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程都能够较好地拟合生物炭对土壤磷的等温吸附。准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程可较好地描述生物炭对土壤磷吸附动力学的行为。通过以上研究结果可知,水稻秸秆生物炭可以减少土壤对磷的吸附并增加土壤有效磷的含量,因此在土壤改良方面具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
3.
以水稻秸秆为原料,分析了不同热解温度下所制备的生物质炭的性质,并采用批处理法,分析了生物质炭添加量和不同热解温度制备的生物质炭对土壤磷吸附特性的影响。结果表明:随着热解温度的升高,生物质炭的碳化程度、比表面积和磷含量增加。添加生物质炭显著减少了土壤对磷的吸附量,而且随着生物质炭热解温度的增加,土壤对磷的吸附量显著增加。Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程都能够较好地拟合添加生物质炭土壤的磷等温吸附曲线。准一级动力学方程和准二级动力学方程可较好地描述添加生物质炭土壤的磷吸附动力学行为。通过以上研究结果可知,水稻秸秆生物质炭可以减少土壤对磷的吸附并增加土壤有效磷的含量,因此在土壤磷肥肥效改良方面具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
4.
《土壤通报》2020,(3):717-724
以玉米秸秆、水稻秸秆、稻壳为原料分别在350℃、450℃、550℃、650℃热裂解温度下制备玉米秸秆炭(MSB)、水稻秸秆炭(RSB)和稻壳炭(RHB),比较不同热裂解温度下三种生物质炭对溶液中重金属离子Cd~(2+)的吸附解吸特性。利用准一级、准二级和颗粒内扩散模型对吸附过程进行拟合,结果表明三种生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附满足颗粒内扩散方程。随着热裂解温度的升高,同一种原料制备的生物质炭达到吸附平衡的时间缩短。Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程拟合结果显示,三种生物质炭对溶液中Cd~(2+)的吸附更符合Langmuir方程。单位数量的RSB在一定浓度Cd~(2+)溶液中对Cd~(2+)的吸附量显著高于MSB和RHB。三种生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附量随制备生物质炭的热裂解温度的升高而降低。三种生物质炭中玉米秸秆炭的解吸率最小。因此评价生物质炭对溶液中重金属的去除效果需要考虑原料、热裂解温度等多种因素的影响。 相似文献
5.
以水稻、小麦、玉米和猪粪为原料,比较秸秆类生物质炭和畜禽粪便类生物质炭对溶液重金属Cd~(2+)的吸附解吸特点及其水溶性盐分含量的影响。结果表明,生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附结果均很好地符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir方程,猪粪炭的Cd~(2+)最大吸附量达20.7 mg g~(-1),为秸秆炭吸附量的1.37~1.72倍。洗脱去除可溶性盐分显著降低生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的吸附。水洗后秸秆炭对Cd~(2+)的最大吸附量为猪粪炭的2~4.3倍,水稻、小麦、玉米和猪粪炭对Cd~(2+)的最大吸附量分别降低52.6%、72.7%、72.8%和91.9%。洗脱作用提高了生物质炭对Cd~(2+)的解吸率,其中猪粪炭提高幅度最大,由原来的1.76%~7.96%提高到12.00%~27.49%。因此,可溶性盐分在生物质炭吸附Cd~(2+)过程中具有重要作用。所以,在污染土壤治理中需要考虑不同原料的组分差异,以制备高效修复土壤重金属污染的生物质材料。 相似文献
6.
本研究以园林绿化废弃物刺桐为原料,在不同的热解温度下(300、500、700℃)制备生物炭,用动力学方程和等温吸附方程分别拟合生物炭对氨氮和磷的吸附性能。等温吸附方程拟合结果表明:生物炭对水中氨氮和磷的吸附量均随着氨氮和磷的初始浓度的增加而增大,且均能较好地拟合Langmuir吸附方程,且BC500吸附效果最好;动力学方程拟合结果表明:不同热解温度下得到的生物炭对氨氮和磷的吸附速率较快的过程分别发生在最初的300 min和60 min内,且均能较好地拟合准二级动力学方程;此外,生物炭对不同初始p H下对氨氮和磷溶液的吸附效果分别为p H7p H11p H3和p H11p H7p H3。 相似文献
7.
冻融作用对棕壤磷素吸附-解吸特性的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以棕壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟冻融环境的方法,研究土壤磷素吸附-解吸行为,采用Langumuir、Freundlich和Temkin方程对吸附过程进行拟合分析,定量研究冻融作用对土壤磷素吸附机制的影响,同时建立土壤磷素解吸量与吸附量关系方程,进一步探讨冻融土壤磷吸附-解吸特性。结果表明,冻融条件下棕壤对磷的吸附规律一致,吸附量均随着平衡溶液中磷浓度增加而逐渐增大,与未冻融土壤相比,冻融后土壤磷等温吸附曲线变得平缓。冻融条件下磷等温吸附曲线用Langmuir方程拟合相关性最好。土壤磷素解吸量与相应最大吸附量符合线性相关。冻融后土壤磷固定吸附量低于未冻融土壤,即冻融过程促进土壤磷素释放,增加了土壤磷流失风险。多次冻融循环对土壤磷吸附-解吸行为影响更为强烈。 相似文献
8.
不同原料生物炭对氮、磷、钾的吸附和解吸特性 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
9.
玉米秸秆是一种重要的有机物料,它能通过表观吸附过程(包括物理吸附和化学反应过程)降低Cr(VI)污染。本试验采用间歇振荡法,初步研究了玉米秸秆对Cr(VI)的表观吸附动力学和等温线,并用吸附方程进行拟合。结果表明:玉米秸秆对Cr(VI)的表观吸附动力学以一级动力学方程为最优方程;表观吸附等温线可用Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin方程描述,而以Freundlich方程的拟合效果最好;土壤或水体中的Cr(VI)含量越高,玉米秸秆的修复效果越差。 相似文献
10.
玉米秸秆是一种重要的有机物料，它能通过表观吸附过程(包括物理吸附和化学反应过程)降低Cr(VI)污染。本试验采用间歇振荡法，初步研究了玉米秸秆对Cr(vi)的表观吸附动力学和等温线，并用吸附方程进行拟合。结果表明：玉米秸秆对Cr(vi)的表观吸附动力学以一级动力学方程为最优方程；表观吸附等温线可用Freundlich、Langmuir和Temkin方程描述，而以Freundlich方程的拟合效果最好；土壤或水体中的Cr(VI)含量越高，玉米秸秆的修复效果越差。 相似文献
11.
Suyundukov Ya. T. Suyundukova M. B. Bezuglova O. S. Khabirov I. K. Khasanova R. F. Semenova I. N. Rafikova Yu. S. Ilbulova G. R. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(1):27-35
Eurasian Soil Science - The results of the study of the properties of urban soils of the city of Sibay located in the mining region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented. A specific... 相似文献
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Kholodov V. A. Farkhodov Y. R. Yaroslavtseva N. V. Ziganshina A. R. Maksimovich S. V. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2022,55(7):998-1004
Eurasian Soil Science - Layers were step-by-step removed from macroaggregates (2–1 mm in diameter) of Protocalcic Chernozems via successive abrasion in a revolving rotator during 5, 10, 15,... 相似文献
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《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(15-16):1631-1646
Abstract Brazil has approximately 30 million hectares of lowland areas, known locally as “Varzea,”; distributed throughout the country. Soils in these areas have the potential to support agricultural production, but very little is known about their fertility. The current experiment was undertaken to characterize the chemical and physical properties of representative “Varzea”; soils collected at 0–20, 20–40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm depth intervals from 23 sites in Goias State of Brazil. Organic matter contents averaged 42 g/kg in the surface 20 cm of soil and should make a significant contribution to overall nutrient availability. Soil pH increased slightly with depth from a mean value of 5.2 in the surface 20 cm of soil to a mean value of 5.4 in the 60–80 cm depth interval. Several soils had exchangeable Al values ≥ 1.0 cmol Al/kg, but soil Al saturation was generally less than the 60% level frequently associated with Al toxicity. However, cereal and legume production could benefit from lime addition in many of these soils. Although base saturation was fairly low in some soils, exchangeable Ca and Mg levels were, in general, adequate throughout the profile. Extractable P levels were adequate in most surface soil samples. Extractable K levels in these soils were generally low, and the application of K fertilizers should be beneficial, especially in conjunction with lime addition. The high clay content “Varzea”; soils of the Brazilian lowlands have some drainage problems but generally exhibit favorable chemical properties for crop production when compared to soils of the well‐drained Cerrados. 相似文献
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Ye. V. Rogozhina N. V. Kostina L. S. Malyukova 《Moscow University Soil Science Bulletin》2011,66(1):32-35
An estimation of potential nitrogen-fixing activity of various soil types under agrophytocenoses of tea, filbert, peach, and
pawpaw which grow in the area of Greater Sochi is given. High indicators of nitrogen fixation activity in the soil in the
course of vegetation were characteristic of agrocenoses of pawpaw, peach, and filbert. The lowest level of nitrogen fixation
was noted in the soil of a tea plantation. A negative correlation dependence of potential nitrogen-fixing activity on the
acidity of the soil solution was established. A study of the seasonal dynamics of the activity of nitrogen fixation of soils
of agrocenoses of the subtropical zone of Russia made it possible to distinguish a less active winter and more active spring-summer-autumn
periods. 相似文献
18.
The rate of popping of popcorn was measured in oil and in air. Kinetic data for lifetimes of individual kernels from a large population were obtained in oil at six constant temperatures (180–250°C) and also in an air‐popper at 202°C. The data are characterized by an induction period, which is, significantly, followed by a first‐order decrease in the number of unpopped kernels versus time. The activation energy for the first order process is 166.7 kJ/mol between 180 and 210°C, and 53.8 kJ/mol between 210 and 250°C. These data are consistent with a model that assumes 1) that the rate of heat transfer into a kernel follows Newton's law of cooling; 2) that in a sample of kernels there exists a distribution of critical pressures; 3) that for an individual kernel, the probability of popping is directly proportional to the difference between the internal aqueous vapor pressure and the kernel's critical pressure; and 4) that the measured rate constant at any temperature is an average overall of the kernels in the sample with critical pressures equal to or less than the internal aqueous vapor pressure. Minimum popping temperatures predicted by the model are 181 ± 2°C (oil) and 187 ± 2°C (air), in good agreement with previously reported direct measurements. 相似文献
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物联网是一个集信息通信、数据交换、传感器技术与软件工程于一体的综合性产业,探讨和分析了物联网的结构体系与发展中遇到的安全问题。 相似文献
20.
荔枝种子从果实中剥离出来后, 即使在室内条件下, 也极易失水干缩, 潮湿环境中又易发霉而腐烂。扫描电镜观察表明: 种皮上布满纹孔, 水分散失面积很大; 种脐部为疏松的海绵组织, 且营养丰富。据此, 生产上应对种子彻底清洗, 并保存于适当湿度的环境中, 以提高其发芽率。 相似文献