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1.
多针热脉冲技术测定土壤热导率误差分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
土壤热导率是研究土壤热传输、水热耦合运移的基本物理参数。为了探知多针热脉冲技术的误差,该研究以能够准确测定热导率的单针法作为参比,在4种质地土壤上,对多针热脉冲技术在不同体积质量、含水率和气压条件下测定的热导率进行了分析。结果表明,多针热脉冲技术的热导率结果与单针法总体符合较好,其热导率测定值的平均误差为0.074 W/(m·K)。干土热导率随气压增大呈现对数增长,这是由于气体分子平均自由程下降的原因。多针热脉冲技术的测定误差主要出现在中等含水率区域,关键问题是加热针的温度升高偏大,促进了水汽潜热传输。另外,土壤与探针之间的热接触阻力、探针导致的土壤体积质量改变、温度梯度引起的液水流也影响测定结果的准确性。该研究可为农业水土工程中的土壤热导率模拟提供依据。 相似文献
2.
土壤含水量、温度、热特性以及其它物理参数的动态监测是描述土壤中各种物理、化学和生物过程的基础。本文利用热脉冲 -时域反射技术 (Thermo -TDR)对不同质地土壤的含水量、电导率、温度、容积热容量、导热率和热扩散系数进行了测定 ,并利用土壤容积热容量与容重和含水量的关系 ,计算了土壤容重、通气孔度和饱和度。结果表明 ,Thermo -TDR技术能够提供可靠的土壤含水量、温度、容重、通气孔度和饱和度的信息。本文也分析了Thermo -TDR技术的测定误差并探讨了降低误差的对策 相似文献
3.
由于土壤特性的时空变异性 ,对土壤含水量、温度、热特性以及其它物理参数的动态监测是土壤学研究的重要课题。本文以热脉冲技术和时域反射技术的理论为基础 ,介绍了利用热脉冲技术 时域反射技术 (Thermo TDR)连续定位测定土壤含水量、电导率、温度和热特性的原理 ,并利用土壤热特性与容重和含水量的关系 ,导出了土壤容重、饱和度和通气孔度的计算公式。 相似文献
4.
探针有限特性对热脉冲技术测定土壤热特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在利用热脉冲方法测定热特性时,通常对探针形状做理想化处理,即假设探针为线性热源,热导率无限大而热容量为零。在实际应用中,探针本身的有限特性(有限半径以及有限热容量)会导致热特性测定误差。为了研究探针有限特性对热脉冲技术测定土壤热特性的影响,该研究采用改进的热脉冲探针(直径2 mm、长度40 mm、间距8 mm)测定土壤热特性,并分别使用PILS(pulsed infinite line source,无限长线性脉冲热源)和ICPC(identical cylindrical perfect conductors,近似圆柱形完美导体)2种理论估计土壤热特性,比较分析了探针有限特性对热脉冲技术测定热特性结果的影响。结果表明:1)与PILS理论相比,利用ICPC理论拟合得到的温度升高曲线,可以有效减少探针有限半径和热容量对土壤热特性测定结果的影响。与ICPC理论相比,在0.03~0.25 m3/m3的含水率范围内,用PILS理论得到的砂土热扩散率和热导率分别偏低11.8%和5.2%;与模拟热容量相比,PILS和ICPC理论分别将热容量高估16.1%和7.9%;2)探针有限特性对土壤热特性的影响与含水率有关:在干土上最大;随着土壤含水率的增加,其影响逐渐降低。该研究对提高热脉冲技术测定土壤热特性的准确性具有指导意义。 相似文献
5.
准确测定表层土壤水分对陆地-大气间水热交换研究具有重要意义。由于对土壤结构影响轻微,热脉冲技术在原位监测含水率方面具有较大优越性,但目前田间应用集中在5 cm以下土层。该研究利用多针热脉冲传感器测定土壤容积热容量,然后基于热脉冲含水率法和热脉冲含水率变化法分别得到了3、9、21和39 mm的土壤含水率。结果表明,与烘干法含水率比较,热脉冲含水率变化法含水率在4个深度的均方根误差分别为0.022、0.006、0.004和0.006 m3/m3,均小于相应深度上热脉冲含水率法含水率的均方根误差。另外,热脉冲含水率变化法也降低了4个热脉冲传感器测定含水率的变异性。因此,热脉冲技术能够监测表层的土壤水分动态,表层土壤含水率的均方根误差在0.022 m3/m3以内。 相似文献
6.
原状土与装填土热特性的比较 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
土壤热特性是研究土壤—植物—大气系统中能量传输的必要参数。目前的研究集中在室内装填土柱上热特性与含水率、质地、温度和体积质量(容重)等因素的关系,田间条件下土壤结构对热特性影响的报道很少。该研究通过比较2种质地土壤田间原状土和室内装填土热特性的差异,初步探讨了不同含水率范围内结构形成对土壤热特性的影响。采集田间原状土,在室内利用热脉冲技术测定其热容量、热导率和热扩散率;然后将样品磨碎、过2mm土筛,填装后得到相同体积质量和含水率的装填土壤样品,并测定其热特性。结果表明,装填土和原状土的热容量基本一致;在中等含水率区域(砂壤土:0.07～0.24m3/m3;壤土:0.15～0.31m3/m3),重新装填后砂壤土和壤土的热导率分别降低了9.7%和9.8%。另外,结构形成增加了土壤热扩散率,在中等含水率区域尤其明显;在接近饱和区域,原状土与装填土的热扩散率趋于一致。因此,土壤结构形成对土壤热容量没有显著影响,但提高了中等含水率区域土壤的热导率和热扩散率。 相似文献
7.
地表覆盖对土壤热参数变化的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
覆盖条件下土壤热性质的研究对于包气带水热运移及覆盖技术的应用均有重要意义。使用11针热脉冲探头对沙黄土不同深度(6 mm、18 mm、30 mm)的土壤热扩散率、热容量和热导率三个热参数进行测定,并进行地表覆盖(石子覆盖、秸秆覆盖)处理,旨在探究覆盖条件下表层土壤热性质动态变化过程及土壤热参数与水分的内在联系。结果表明:(1)相对于裸土,石子和秸秆覆盖条件下土壤热参数增大,且覆盖对于靠近表层土壤热参数的影响更加明显;(2)随降雨的发生,土壤热参数均增大,在两次降雨期间,土壤热参数逐渐减小,覆盖与裸土热参数差异逐渐增大;(3)三个热参数随降雨的发生,其动态变化过程表现不同,热容量对降雨的响应最为敏感,热导率次之,热扩散率开始减小的时间较热导率和热容量滞后,三个深度滞后时间均在48 h以上,而且覆盖以后热扩散开始减小的时间较裸土推迟(48 h以上)。土壤容重不变的情况下,在频繁干湿交替的过程中土壤水分为土壤热参数变化的最主要影响因素。覆盖条件下土壤热参数与土壤含水量关系研究表明:石子和秸秆覆盖条件下土壤热参数与土壤含水量的变化关系与裸土条件下一致,热导率与含水量呈幂函数增加的趋势,热容量随含水量线性增加,热扩散率随含水量增加先增后减,本研究所用沙黄土热扩散率峰值对应的含水量在0.20 cm3cm-3左右。由以上结果可以发现覆盖对近表层土壤热参数的动态变化有显著的影响,覆盖的保水效应直接影响土壤热参数的变化。 相似文献
8.
土壤水热参数是研究土壤水热传输的基本物理参数。当前热脉冲探针法（HPP）可同步测定土壤水热参数,但该方法仅限于在点尺度下测定。与其具有相同理论基础的加热光纤法（SPHP-DTS）,可将测定尺度增大至田间千米尺度,但其测定精度尚未得到有效验证。为了探知SPHP-DTS法的误差,本研究进行了SPHP-DTS法与HPP法测定土壤水热参数的对比试验。结果表明,以HPP为标准,加热光纤法测定热导率的精度RMSE为0.13 W?m-1?℃-1。SPHP-DTS法测定的热导率显著高于HPP法,主要原因在于加热光纤时产生的温度效应。通过热导率法测定土壤含水率时,在热导率测定误差的影响下,SPHP-DTS法的测定精度明显低于HPP法。SPHP-DTS法测定土壤水热参数的其他误差来源包括光纤与土壤之间多个界面的接触热阻、光纤的温度敏感性、噪音干扰以及温度梯度驱动下的水分迁移。本研究可为SPHP-DTS法提升土壤水热参数测定精度提供理论参考。 相似文献
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10.
基于热脉冲技术的能量平衡方法是一种原位实时监测土壤蒸发速率技术。热脉冲方法的准确性受地表气象条件、土壤类型等因素影响,目前该技术多应用于质地较砂北方旱地土壤。为进一步验证热脉冲方法在质地较黏的南方红壤上监测蒸发速率的适用性,该研究利用热脉冲传感器与微型蒸渗仪开展了为期30 d的监测试验,对比了热脉冲能量平衡方法与微型蒸渗仪测得日蒸发速率以及累积蒸发量,并通过监测土壤含水率变化和气象因子,评价了红壤区土壤蒸发的主要影响因素。结果表明,热脉冲方法测得的日蒸发速率与微型蒸渗仪监测值变化趋势相同,试验期间两种方法测得日蒸发速率最大相差0.80 mm/d,最小相差0.02 mm/d,决定系数R2=0.52。两种方法测得的累积蒸发量随时间变化值之间具有更强的相关性（R2=0.99）,30 d内微型蒸渗仪监测的总累积蒸发量为19.3 mm,热脉冲方法监测的累积蒸发量为24.4 mm。由于降水影响,微型蒸渗仪漏测了7 d的蒸发速率,剔除该7 d数据后,二者仅相差4.6%。相比于传统的微型蒸渗仪法,热脉冲方法具有自动化的优点,且能够实时监测剖面微尺度（mm尺度）上蒸发动态。研究区红壤的日蒸发速率与各因子的相关程度由大小为土壤含水率、净辐射、风速、气温。研究结果表明热脉冲能量平衡方法能够准确地监测南方红壤区土壤蒸发动态,研究可为红壤区水热循环研究提供技术和理论支撑。 相似文献
11.
Heat-pulse technique (HPT) has shown promise for predicting soil water flux (Jw). This study evaluated the accuracy of HPT in predicting Jw in packed saturated columns of quartz, sand, silt loam, and sandy clay loam. Jw was predicted using the maximum dimensionless temperature differences (MDTD), ratio of downstream to upstream temperature increases (Td/Tu), and an improved Td/Tu method. Results indicated that Jw predictions had a good linear relationship with measurements (R2 > 0.93). The HPT underestimated Jw to varying degrees, and the underestimations increased as Jw increased and soil texture became fine. The Td/Tu method outperformed the MDTD and the improved Td /Tu because of its higher accuracy, fewer parameters, and simpler calculations. The MDTD exhibited the poorest performance. In coarse-textured soil materials (e.g. quartz and sand), Jw predictions by the Td/Tu method were most accurate, and even with high Jw (up to 72.4 μm s?1), relative errors still remained within 9.8%. However, in fine-textured soil materials, Jw was underestimated significantly by 16.9% in silt loam and by 23.3% in sandy clay loam. The lower Jw limits were 1.0, 2.3, 2.4, and 4.0 μm s?1 for quartz, sand, silt loam, and sandy clay loam, respectively (P > 0.05). 相似文献
12.
Eduardo A. Santos Claudia Wagner-Riddle Jon S. Warland Shannon Brown 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(5):620-632
Warland and Thurtell (2000) proposed an analytical dispersion Lagrangian analysis (hereafter WT analysis) to relate the mean scalar concentration field to source profiles inside the canopy. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of the WT analysis with existing turbulence statistics parameterizations in a corn canopy, by comparing its inferred net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and latent heat flux (λE) with eddy covariance measurements. The second objective was to assess the performance of the WT analysis to infer the soil CO2 flux. Four parameterizations of turbulence statistics were used to estimate Lagrangian time scale (TL) and standard deviation of vertical wind velocity (σw) profiles. The estimated TL and σw profiles were then corrected for atmospheric stability conditions. The field experiment was carried out in a corn field from August to October 2007 and 2008. Profiles of water vapour and CO2 mixing ratios were measured using a multiport sampling system connected to an infrared gas analyzer. Wind velocity within and above the canopy and eddy covariance measurements over the canopy were taken. The soil respiration, estimated using the WT analysis, was compared to estimates obtained by an empirical model. WT analysis fluxes showed good correlation (R2 = 0.77-0.88) with NEE and λE obtained by the eddy covariance technique, but overestimated net fluxes, especially when corrections for atmospheric stability were applied. The optimization of TL and σw profiles using in-canopy turbulence measurements improved the agreement between measured and modeled NEE and λE. Inferred soil CO2 fluxes were underestimated and were poorly correlated (R2 = 0.02-0.01) with estimates obtained using an empirical model based on soil temperature. This poor performance in estimating the soil respiration is likely caused by the decoupling between inside and above canopy flows. 相似文献
13.
Xingren Liu Yunshe Dong Jianqiang Ren Qingzhong Zhang 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):416-423
Nitrous oxide (N2O) flux in the semi-arid Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel. grassland in Inner Mongolia, China was measured for two years (from January 2005 to December 2006) with the enclosed chamber technique. The measurements were made twice per month in the growing season and once per month in the non-growing season. To evaluate the effect of aboveground vegetation on N2O emission, the ecosystem N2O flux over the grassland was measured, and concurrently soil N2O flux was measured after the removal of all the aboveground biomass. The possible effect of water-heat factors on N2O fluxes was statistically examined. The ecosystem N2O flux ranged from 0.21 to 0.26?kg nitrous oxide-nitrogen (N2O–N) ha? 1 year? 1, indicating that the Leymus chinensis grassland of Inner Mongolia was a source for the atmospheric N2O. There was no significant difference between the ecosystem N2O flux and the soil N2O flux. The ecosystem N2O flux was under similar environmental control as the soil N2O flux. Soil moisture was the primary driving factor of the N2O fluxes in the growing season of both years; the changes in water–filled pore space (WFPS) of soil surface layers could explain 45–67% of the variations in N2O fluxes. The high seasonal variation of the N2O fluxes in the growing seasons was regulated by the distribution of effective rainfall, rather than the precipitation intensity. While in the non-growing season, the N2O fluxes were restricted much more by air temperature or soil temperature, and 83–85% of the variations of the N2O fluxes were induced by changes in temperature conditions. 相似文献
14.
A.G. Barr K. Morgenstern T.A. Black J.H. McCaughey Z. Nesic 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2006,140(1-4):322
Closure of the surface energy balance provides an objective criterion for evaluating eddy-covariance (EC) flux measurements. This study analyses 5 years of EC carbon dioxide, water vapor, and sensible heat flux measurements from three mature boreal forest stands in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The EC sensible and latent heat fluxes, H and λE, underestimated the surface available energy by 11% (aspen), 15% (black spruce), and 14% (jack pine). At all sites, the energy-closure fraction CF responded similarly to the friction velocity u*, atmospheric stability, and time of day. At night, CF increased from 0.3 at very low-u* to an asymptotic maximum of 0.9 at u* above 0.35 m s−1. During unstable-daytime periods, CF varied linearly from 0.7 at low-u* to 1.0 at high-u*. The energy imbalance pattern was similar among sites and may be characteristic of the continental, boreal forest.EC measurements of net ecosystem exchange FNEE have no objective, diagnostic parameter that is equivalent to CF. We therefore derived an analogous FNEE “closure fraction” CFNEE by normalizing measured FNEE against estimates from an empirical model that was tuned to the high-u* data. CF and CFNEE responded similarly to u*, atmospheric stability, and time of day. We discuss two implications for EC flux data post-processing. The results uphold the common practice of rejecting EC measurements during low-u* periods. They also lend support to the application of energy-closure adjustments to H, λE, and FNEE. 相似文献
15.
Red soils, one of the typical agricultural soils in subtropical China, play important roles in the global carbon budget due to their large potential to sequester C and replenish atmospheric C through soil CO2 flux. Soil CO2 emission was measured using a closed chamber method to quantify year-round soil flux and to determine the contribution of soil temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soil moisture content to soil CO2 flux. Soil flux was determined every 10 d during the experiment from August 1999 to July 2000, at the Ecological Station of Red Soil (the Chinese Academy of Sciences). In addition, diurnal flux measurements for 24 hr were made on August 5 and November 5, 1999 during this experiment. The average soil fluxes from 2 hr measurements between 9:00 and 11:00 can be regarded as the representative of daily averages. Soil CO2 fluxes were generally higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, averaged 7.16 and 0.86 g CO2 m-2 d-1 for the former and latter two seasons, and had a seasonal pattern more similar to soil temperature and DOC than soil moisture. The annual soil CO2 flux was estimated as 1.65 kg CO2 m-2 yr-1. Regressed separately, the reasons for soil flux variability were 86.6% from soil temperature, 58.8% from DOC, and 26.3% from soil moisture, respectively. Regressed jointly, a multiple equation was developed by the above three variables that explained 85.2% of the flux variance, but only soil temperature was the dominant factor affectingsoil flux, with significant partial correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.804, p ≤ 0.05), through stepwise regression analysis. Based on the exponential equation using soil temperature, the predicted fluxes were calculated and were essentially equal to the measured ones throughout the experiment. No significant difference was detected between the predicted average and the measured one. The exponential relationship describing the response of soil CO2 flux to the changes in soil temperature should accurately predict soil CO2 flux from red soils in subtropical China. 相似文献
16.
不同耕作条件下豆麦双序列轮作农田土壤温室气体的排放及影响因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究耕作措施对双序列轮作农田土壤温室气体的排放及影响, 采用CO2分析仪、静态箱 气相色谱法在陇中黄土高原半干旱区对传统耕作不覆盖、免耕不覆盖、免耕秸秆覆盖和传统耕作+秸秆还田4种耕作措施下豆麦双序列轮作农田土壤温室气体(CO2、N2O和CH4)的排放及影响因素进行了连续测定和分析。结果表明: 测定期内4种耕作措施下农田土壤均表现为CO2源、N2O源和CH4净吸收汇; 除传统耕作不覆盖措施, 其他3种耕作措施不同程度地减少了2种轮作序列土壤的N2O排放通量, 并显著增加了土壤对CH4的吸收。CO2和N2O的排放通量分别与地表、地下5 cm处、地下10 cm处的土壤温度呈极显著和显著正相关关系, 相关系数分别为0.92**和0.89**、0.95**和0.91**、0.77*和0.62*; 而CH4吸收通量与不同地层的温度之间无明显的相关关系; CO2和CH4的通量与0~5 cm、5~10 cm的土壤含水量均呈显著正相关关系, 相关系数分别为0.69*和0.72*、0.77*和0.64*, 而与10~30 cm土壤含水量无明显相关关系; N2O排放通量与各层次的土壤含水量之间均呈不显著负相关关系。对2种轮作序列各处理下土壤中排放的3种温室气体的增温潜势计算综合得出: 4种耕作措施中, 免耕不覆盖处理可相对减少土壤温室气体的排放量, 进而降低温室效应。 相似文献
17.
Long-term (13 years) measurements of SO2 fluxes over a forest and their control by surface chemistry
Long-term fluxes of sulphur dioxide (SO2) have been measured over a mixed suburban forest subjected to elevated SO2 concentrations. The net exchange was shown to be highly dynamic with substantial periods of both upward and downward fluxes observed in excellent conditions for flux measurement. Upward fluxes constituted 30% of selected fluxes and appeared more frequently when the canopy was acidic. Upward fluxes were shown to be due to desorption from a drying surface or when ambient levels declined after periods of increased SO2 exposure.The long term average SO2 flux (F) was −59 ng SO2 m−2 s−1 for the period 1997-2009 corresponding to an average SO2 concentration of 12.3 μg SO2 m−3 and a deposition velocity υd of 5 mm s−1. The smallest deposition fluxes and υd were measured in dry conditions (−42 ng m−2 s−1 and 3.5 mm s−1, resp.), which represented 57% of all cases. Wet canopies were more efficient sinks for SO2 and a dew-wetted canopy had a smaller υd (6 mm s−1) than a rain-wetted canopy (ca 10 mm s−1). Seasonal variability reflected differences in chemical climate or canopy buffering properties. During the summer half-year when surface acidity was low due to higher NH3/SO2 ratios, a higher deposition efficiency (υd/υdmax) and lower non-stomatal resistance (Rw) were observed compared to winter conditions. Comparisons of Rc for different combinations of canopy wetness and surface acidity categories emphasized the importance of both factors in regulating the non-stomatal sinks of SO2. Increased surface water acidity gradually led to a lower υd/υdmax and an increased Rc for all considered canopy wetness categories. The smallest υd/υdmax ratio and highest Rc were obtained for a dry canopy with high surface acidity. Conversely, a rain-wetted canopy was the most efficient sink for SO2. The canopy sink strength was further enhanced by high friction velocities (u*), optimizing the mechanical mixing into the canopy. Long-term trends were strongly coupled to changes in the NH3/SO2 ratio, which has clearly enhanced the deposition efficiency of SO2 in recent years. 相似文献
18.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(3):267-276
Soil water content, θ, is a major factor affecting residue decomposition, but simple formulation of this factor is often lacking. We observed that θ significantly (P < 0.001) affected the residue decomposition constant, k d. When θ varied from 0.09 g g?1 to 0.23 g g?1, k d ranged from 0.009 to 0.013 d?1 and from 0.009 to 0.022 d?1 for residues with carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N) > 30 and C/N < 25, respectively. A θ factor was formulated in terms of the field capacity θ FC and the air‐dry θ d in the form f w = (θ ? θ d) / (θ FC ? θ d), and this was used to modify the potential k d as θ varied. Coupling f w with a first‐order residue decomposition equation resulted in the prediction of the decomposition of four residue types in the greenhouse (R2 = 0.94; relative root mean square error, RRMSE, = 0.06) and in the field (R2 = 0.93; RRMSE = 0.11). 相似文献
19.
Thermal denaturation and hydration of two soybean protein components were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results showed that temperature of denaturation (Td) of both 11S and 7S globulins decreased sharply with an increase in water content. Enthalpy of denaturation (ΔHd) of 11S increased with increasing water content at first, and then leveled off at high water content. However, ΔHd of both 7S and 11S components in 7S samples first increased and then decreased at high water content. The preparation method of samples influenced the ΔHd value significantly but had little effect on the Td. Nonfreezing water was determined from the DSC results. It increased in both 11S and 7S as water content increased but was more abundant in 7S, probably because of different compositions and structures. Threshold value of water content for the appearance of freezing water was 0.30–0.32 h (g of water/g of protein, mass ratio) for 11S. The water absorbed by both 11S and 7S during denaturation increased quickly at low water contents and remained almost constant at high water contents. The results were attributed to different structure and conformation of proteins before and after denaturation. 相似文献
20.
Changchun Song Li Sun Yao HuangYuesi Wang Zhongmei Wan 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(8):1131-1138
Northern wetlands are critically important to global change because of their role in modulating atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially CO2 and CH4. At present, continuous observations for CO2 and CH4 fluxes from northern wetlands in Asia are still very limited. In this paper, two growing season measurements for CO2 flux by eddy covariance technique and CH4 flux by static chamber technique were conducted in 2004 and 2005, at a permanently inundated marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, northeastern China. The seasonal variations of CO2 exchange and CH4 flux and the environmental controls on them were investigated. During the growing seasons, large variations in net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) were observed with the range of −4.0 to 2.2 (where negative exchange is a gain of carbon from the atmosphere) and 0-7.6 g C m−2 d−1, respectively. Ecosystem respiration (RE) displayed relatively smooth seasonal pattern with the range of 0.8-4.2 g C m−2 d−1. More than 70% of the total GEP was consumed by respiration, which resulted in a net CO2 uptake of 143 ± 9.8 and 100 ± 9.2 g C m−2 for the marsh over the growing seasons of 2004 and 2005, respectively. A significant portion of the accumulated NEE-C was lost by CH4 emission during the growing seasons, indicating the great potential of CH4 emission from the inundated marsh. Air temperature and leaf area index jointly affected the seasonal variation of GEP and the seasonal dynamic of RE was mainly controlled by soil temperature and leaf area index. Soil temperature also exerted the dominant influence over variation of CH4 flux while no significant relationship was found between CH4 emission and water table level. The close relationships between carbon fluxes and temperature can provide insights into the response of marsh carbon exchange to a changing climate. Future long term flux measurements over the freshwater marsh ecosystems are undoubtedly necessary. 相似文献