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1.
花鲈人工育苗技术   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  
从养殖网箱中选择性发育良好的 4龄鱼为亲体 ,经室内暂养培育、激素催产 ,获受精卵 4 0 5× 10 5粒 ,孵出仔鱼 30 1× 10 5尾。在水温 18 0～ 2 0 0℃ ,pH值 8 1～ 8 6 ,盐度 2 2～ 2 3条件下 ,经 6 0～ 70d的培育 ,共出池全长2 5cm左右的鱼苗 8 0 5× 10 5尾 ,育苗成活率 2 6 7%。  相似文献   

2.
在人工养殖条件下 ,研究大海马 (HippocampuskudaBleeker)幼鱼的生长特性及其成活率。结果表明 ,大海马幼鱼的最大增长率为 1 5 88% ,最大增重率为 52 94% ,最小增长率为 2 80 % ,最小增重率为 8 0 5 % ,群体增重倍数为 7 2 0 ,幼鱼的平均日增长率和日增重率分别为 0 44mm/d和0 0 0 5 2g/d。大海马幼鱼体长与日龄的关系式为L =1 5 2 8+0 40 6 5T ,体重与日龄的关系式为W=1 865× 1 0 -4 T1 6872 ,体重与体长的关系式为W =6 884× 1 0 -6L2 762 2 。大海马幼鱼的成活率为90 4%。  相似文献   

3.
两种药物对脊尾白虾各期(氵蚤）状幼体的毒性试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
采用静水实验法进行甲醛和孔雀石绿对脊尾白虾 (Exopalaemoncarinicauda)各期状幼体 (Z1～Z6)的急性毒性研究。结果表明 :在pH值为 7 9± 0 5、水温 (2 6 0± 0 5 )℃的条件下 ,甲醛对脊尾白虾Z1～Z6的半致死浓度 (48hLC50 )分别为 176× 10 -6,16 7× 10 -6,15 0× 10 -6,16 7× 10 -6,113× 10 -6,5 5× 10 -6,安全浓度 (Cs)分别为 30× 10 -6,17× 10 -6,32× 10 -6,11× 10 -6,4× 10 -6,9× 10 -6;孔雀石绿对脊尾白虾Z1～Z6的 4 8hLC50 分别为 0 4 5 1× 10 -6,0 4 4 8× 10 -6,0 5 91× 10 -6,0 4 4 0× 10 -6,0 380× 10 -6,0 15 8× 10 -6,Cs分别为 0 0 6 9× 10 -6,0 0 5 8× 10 -6,0 10 2× 10 -6,0 0 90× 10 -6,0 0 71× 10 -6,0 0 34× 10 -6。其中Z5和Z6对以上药物的敏感性较高  相似文献   

4.
人工饲养史氏鲟仔鱼和幼鱼的试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
出膜后的史氏鲟仔鱼400尾，平均体重0．05克，饲养于两只1．0×05×0．6m水族箱内，每箱200尾。投喂配合饲料，饲养40天。平均成活率43．25％；平均体重1．01克。随后，从存活的173尾中选规格较齐的129尾，分三组，每组43尾，做三种饲料试验。三组饲料中鱼粉和豆饼粉的比例分别为①45：25，②35：35③25：45。水温19-25℃，试验9周。各组的成活率和平均B增重率分别为：①97．7％，3．67％；②88．4％，3．56％；③88．4％，3．47％。试验结果表明；用配合饲料作为史氏鲟仔鱼的开口饲料完全有可能；饲养过程中仔鱼较大的死亡主要发生在开食后的前10天左右；幼鱼对配合饲料中的植物性蛋白有一定利用能力；配合饲料饲养幼鱼的成活率很高。  相似文献   

5.
人工饲养史及鲟仔鱼和细鱼的试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
出膜后的史氏鲟仔鱼400尾，平均体重0．05克，饲养于两只1．0×0．5×0．6m水族箱内，每箱200尾。投喂配合饲料，饲养40天。平均成活率43．25％；平均体重1．01克。随后，从存活的173尾中选规格较齐的129尾，分三组，每组43尾，做三种饲料试验。三组饲料中鱼粉和豆饼粉的比例分别为①45：25，②35：35③25：45。水温19－25℃，试验9周。各组的成活率和平均日增重率分别为：①97．7％，3．67％；②88．4％，3．56％；③88．4％，3．47％。试验结果表明：用配合饲料作为史氏鲟仔鱼的开口饲料完全有可能；饲养过程中仔鱼较大的死亡主要发生在开食后的前10天左右；幼鱼对配合饲料中的植物性蛋白有定利用能力；配合饲料饲养幼苗的成活率很高。  相似文献   

6.
利用人工繁殖产生的卵形鲳够（Trachinotus ovatus）初孵仔鱼,在水温（26．8±1．4）℃、盐度28．2±0．8条件下,对延迟投饵0～6d的卵形鲳够仔鱼的摄食、生长及其成活情况进行了研究。结果显示,仔鱼于3Et龄开口,于开口的当天投饵及延迟投饵1、2、3、4和5d,投饵后2h内仔鱼的摄食率分别为15％、30％、50％、25％、15％和5％,每尾鱼的平均摄食量分别为0．4、0．6、1．3、0．6、0．3和0．1个轮虫。延迟投饵6d一组仔鱼的摄食率均为0。延迟投饵0、1和2d各组仔鱼的成活率相差不大,但延迟3d以上仔鱼的成活率急剧下降。卵形鲳鲣仔鱼的初次摄食饥饿不可逆点（PNR）出现在仔鱼开口后4d,开始投喂饵料的最佳时期应在仔鱼开口后的3d之内。  相似文献   

7.
黄颡鱼仔鱼食性及生长的研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  
以人工孵化的黄颡鱼仔鱼为材料 ,对孵化 2 0d内的仔鱼的食性和生长进行了研究 ,实验结果表明 :黄颡鱼仔鱼 2日龄开始开口摄食 ,5日龄全部开口摄食 ,混合营养期为 1～ 4d。仔鱼的开口饵料以轮虫、枝角类为主。体长 8～ 2 2mm的仔鱼由轮虫、枝角类等浮游生物为主转变为以寡毛类、摇蚊幼虫、水蚯蚓等底栖生物为主 ,仔鱼昼夜摄食节率变化明显。仔鱼随着体长的增长肠胃饱满指数也逐渐增加。仔鱼的体长生长前期较快 ,后期减慢。体长与日龄的相关式为 :L=0 95 2 8d+4 97(r=0 992 0 )。体重与体长的回归曲线为W =6 4× 10 -4L2 2 56(r=0 9797)。  相似文献   

8.
鞍带石斑鱼人工繁殖与鱼苗培育技术研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
利用海水网箱养殖3龄以上的鞍带石斑(Epinepheluslanceol)亲鱼进行人工繁殖。催产前3个月进行亲鱼强化培育,在水温≥22℃的春、夏季,用HCG400~500IU/kg鱼体重和LRH-A330~50μg/kg鱼体重进行催产,催产后27h左右开始产卵。受精率59·5%~78·5%。受精卵在盐度28~33、水温25~28℃、pH8·0~8·5的水环境中22h孵化出仔鱼。室内培育仔鱼两批:第1批培育初孵的仔鱼1070万尾,放苗前,往池中加入30~50万个/ml小球藻液,放养密度为2万/m3左右,经35d培育,获得4~5cm以上的鱼苗27·3万尾,成活率2·6%;第2批培育初孵仔鱼735万尾,经35d培育,获得4~5cm的鱼苗25·72万尾,成活率3·5%。池塘培育仔鱼两批:第1批培育初孵仔鱼780万尾,放苗前,池塘中轮虫和桡足类无节幼体密度超过200个/L,放养密度为每1/15hm2投放2·0~2·5万尾,开口仔鱼在土塘水温23~27℃、盐度25~28、pH7·8~8·5的条件下,经35d培育,鱼体全长达3·2cm,仔鱼变态完全,成为幼鱼,获得5cm以上的鱼苗21·6万尾,成活率2·8%;第2批培育初孵仔鱼661万尾,获得5cm以上的鱼苗41万尾,成活率6·2%。挑选76尾亲鱼单独喂养,在饲料中添加17a-甲基睾丸酮和多种维生素等,经过两个月的雄性化培育,有57尾转雄,且受挤压时有精液流出,转雄率为75%。  相似文献   

9.
以色列红罗非鱼耐盐性的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
设计 0‰、15‰、2 5‰和 32‰四种盐度梯度 ,对引进的以色列红罗非鱼的仔鱼、稚鱼和幼鱼的耐盐性进行了初步研究。结果表明 ,在 32‰的海水中 ,以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐指标分别为 :仔鱼 ,MST为2 .6 8h ,ST5 0为 3.6h ,MLS 96为 17‰ ,BT为 0 .5h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;稚鱼 ,MST为 2 .1h ,ST5 0为 2 4 .6h ,MLS 96为 2 0‰ ,BT为 0 .6 7h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;幼鱼 ,MST为 14 .8h ,ST5 0为 4 0h ,MLS 96为 2 1‰ ,BT为 5h ,死亡率为 10 0 % ;以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐性高于尼罗罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼 ,低于佛罗里达红罗非鱼 ,与莫桑比克罗非鱼及其一些杂交种相似。以色列红罗非鱼的耐盐性与其日龄有关 ,日龄越大 ,其耐盐性越强。幼鱼与仔鱼、稚鱼间耐盐性存在极显著差异 ,仔鱼和稚鱼间耐盐性差异不显著。几种耐盐指标中 ,ST5 0最灵敏 ,MST和BT次之 ,MLS 96和死亡率较差  相似文献   

10.
2 0 0 1年设置 2m× 2m× 2 5m网箱 6只 ,其中 3只放养密度为 4 0 0尾 /m3 ,鱼种规格 2 2cm ;另 3只放养密度为 5 0 0尾 /m3 ,鱼种规格 2 7cm ,试验期 180d。 2 0 0 2年设置 2m× 3m× 3m网箱 6只 ,3只一组。一组放养密度为 375尾 /m3 ,鱼种规格 4 0cm ;另一组放养密度为 4 17尾 /m3 ,鱼种规格 6 5cm ,饲养期16 0d。 2 0 0 1年成鱼起捕平均规格为 0 17kg/尾 ,单位产量 6 2 6kg/m3 ,成活率 80 9% ,单位箱体纯收入996 6 7元 /m3 。 2 0 0 2年成鱼起捕平均规格为 0 2 4kg/尾 ,单位产量 87 1kg/m3 ,成活率 90 7% ,单位箱体纯收入 10 90 6元 /m3 。试验证明 :全雄太阳鲈适合高密度的网箱养殖。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
Plasma estradiol-17 (E2), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E2 and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E2 and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.  相似文献   

19.
Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.  相似文献   

20.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

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