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[目的] 研究循环荷载对3种典型灌木根系抗拉力学特性的影响，明确疲劳作用后灌木根系固土效能的变化，为半干旱矿区生态修复和侵蚀防控过程中的植物种选择提供科学依据。 [方法] 以北沙柳、小叶锦鸡儿和沙棘根系为研究对象，利用TY8000伺服控制材料试验机对2～4 mm根径范围内的直根及侧根分支处施加轻度和重度循环荷载，分析疲劳前后根系抗拉力和抗拉强度的变化。 [结果] ①3种灌木根生物量、累计根长、根体积和根表面积种间差异显著，均表现为：北沙柳＞小叶锦鸡儿＞沙棘，且根生物量和根体积均主要分布于0-10 cm的表层土体，所占比例平均为38.5%和35.3%，累计根长和根表面积均主要分布于10-20 cm的浅层土体，所占比例平均为30.1%和29.8%。 ②3种灌木直根在疲劳前后抗拉力均与根径呈幂函数正相关，抗拉强度均与根径呈幂函数负相关，且抗拉力和抗拉强度均表现为：小叶锦鸡儿＞北沙柳＞沙棘，根系疲劳可显著提升直根抗拉性能。 ③3种灌木侧根分支处在疲劳前后抗拉力与抗拉强度随根径的变化与直根相似，疲劳前小叶锦鸡儿抗拉力最大，北沙柳次之，沙棘最低，但疲劳后却表现为：沙柳＞小叶锦鸡儿＞沙棘，根系疲劳可显著提升北沙柳和沙棘侧根分支处的抗拉力学性能，却会降低小叶锦鸡儿抗拉能力。 [结论] 在风蚀环境中，北沙柳根系在侵蚀过程中能始终保持良好的抗拉性能，可发挥稳定的固土抗蚀效能，应作为半干旱矿区植被重建的优选植物种。 相似文献
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利用钻土芯法获取了6—8月不同固沙植物的细根,并确定其生物量分布。采用极差法和矩阵法计算了不同固沙植物的细根周转速率。结果表明:不同固沙植物的细根生物量主要分布在0—40cm的深度。在沙丘上,不同固沙植物细根周转速率的相对顺序为:沙蒿(Artemisia desertorum)混交林沙蒿柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)中间锦鸡儿(Caragana intermedia)混交林中间锦鸡儿,从结果来看低矮的沙蒿相对于高大的柠条锦鸡儿或者中间锦鸡儿具有较高的细根周转速率。在丘间地上,不同固沙植物细根周转速率的相对顺序为:沙柳(Salix psammophila)小穗柳(Salix microstachya)乌柳(Salix cheilophila)混交林小叶杨(Populus simonii)混交林乌柳小叶杨,从结果来看沙柳的细根周转速率明显大于其他几种固沙植物,而高大的乔木小叶杨具有较低的细根周转速率。无论是在沙丘还是丘间地上,混交林的细根周转速率都要大于纯林。高寒沙区典型固沙植物的细根生物量及周转速率研究为该区域植被细根的养分循环、碳平衡等相关研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为定量评价西宁盆地黄土区优势灌木柠条锦鸡儿根系固土护坡效果,该研究以区内生长期为幼龄期（<6 a）、中龄期（6～14 a）和老龄期（>14 a）3个龄期的柠条锦鸡儿为研究对象,通过原位挖掘法与原位拉拔试验相结合的方式,调查不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系形态学指标和根系分布特征,并通过单根拉伸试验获得单根抗拉强度。以此为基础,利用WWM模型对不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系附加黏聚力进行计算,评价不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系对土体抗剪强度的增强效果。结合有限元数值模拟分析,定量评价不同龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系加筋和锚固作用对黄土边坡稳定性的贡献。结果表明：随着龄期的增加,柠条锦鸡儿根系埋深、根系总根长、主根根径和主根根长均逐渐增加;各龄期柠条锦鸡儿根系主要分布在0～0.6 m土层深度范围内,随着土层深度增加,幼龄期和老龄期根系根长和根数呈逐渐减少趋势;中龄期根系则呈先增大后减小趋势,根长和根数的最大值出现在0.3～0.6 m的土层深度内。幼龄期和老龄期柠条锦鸡儿根面积比和根系附加黏聚力均随着土层深度增加而逐渐减少,中龄期柠条锦鸡儿则呈先增大后减小变化趋势,且该龄期根系增强土体抗剪强度的效果相对最为显著。不... 相似文献
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晋西黄土区不同植被类型土壤抗冲性及表层根系分布特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用原状土冲刷水槽法,以油松林、刺槐林、山杏林、荆条地及荒草地土壤为研究对象,研究了晋西黄土残塬沟壑区蔡家川流域不同植被类型土壤抗冲性能及植物根系对土壤抗冲性的影响。结果表明:(1)在原状土冲刷试验过程中,各植被类型径流量随冲刷时间的变化趋势不明显,含沙量随时间延长先减少后趋于平稳,土壤抗冲指数呈逐渐增加的趋势。(2)各植被类型总根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度及根生物量密度均表现为刺槐、油松林地较大,山杏、荆条、荒草地较小且相差不大,总根系参数之间均存在正相关关系。各植被类型不同根径范围(0～0.5,0.5～1.0,1.0～2.0,2.0～5.0,5.0 mm)的根系指标中,0～0.5 mm径级的根长密度均最大,根体积密度总体表现为细根比粗根小。(3)不同植被类型植物根系均能增强土壤的抗冲性,增强效应表现为刺槐林地和油松林地较强,山杏、荆条、荒草地较弱。植物根系指标中1 mm径级的根长密度、根表面积密度、根体积密度与土壤抗冲性增强值呈显著或极显著正相关关系。其他径级根系参数与土壤抗冲性增强值相关性不显著。 相似文献
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采用标准地调查方法,对大别山区上舍小流域不同植被类型根系,在040 cm土壤深度范围内按照10cm间隔分层采样,室内测定不同径级（<0.5,0.5～1.0,1.0～2.0和2.0～5.0mm）根系生物量和根系长度,同时在各标准地根系相似地段内,采用C.C.索波列抗冲仪,在0～40 cm深度范围内按照10cm间隔分层测定土壤的抗冲性。结果表明:植被根系主要分布在0～40 cm土层内,表土层根量最大,根径<1.0mm的细根在根长上占有绝对优势;同一植被类型表土层土壤抗冲能力大于心土层;植物根系,尤其是根径<1.0mm的细根具有较强的固持土壤功能,细根长、根质量、根密度与土壤抗冲指数之间的相关系数分别为0.817 3、0.715 9和0.6434,可知,细根长是影响土壤抗冲性的关键因子;不同植被类型土壤的抗冲性与土壤非毛管孔隙度具有很高的相关性,表明森林植被的固土功能是通过根系改善土壤的物理性质,创造具有抗冲能力的生物土壤复合体结构实现的。 相似文献
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为研究草本和灌木根系在护坡中的力学机理,以西宁盆地为例,对青藏高原黄土区生长2年的草本芨芨草和灌木柠条锦鸡儿进行了野外观测和现场力学试验。结合研究区现场观察、试验和分析得出：芨芨草和柠条锦鸡儿根系的生长特征及力学特征均较其他乡土植物显著,护坡力学效应较强;试验区草本植物根系在土体中主要起加筋作用,灌木植物水平根系起牵引作用、垂直根系起锚固作用。通过建立根-土相互作用的力学模型得出：草本植物根系对边坡的加筋作用大小与根系数量、根系抗拉力以及根系在土体中的延伸方向均有关;灌木根系对土体的牵引效应与根系数量、直径和抗拉强度呈正相关,根系锚固力的大小主要取决于根系与土体间的摩擦力,且根系所受的摩擦力与根系半径、土层深度和土体重度呈正相关。对于坡度为40°的土质边坡,选择芨芨草、柠条锦鸡儿等根系发达的灌草植物进行护坡,其防护效果较好。 相似文献
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黄土区灌木柠条锦鸡儿根-土间摩擦力学机制试验研究 总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3
为系统研究灌木植物根系的拉拔摩擦力学机制,该项研究在西宁盆地黄土区的自建试验区内选取生长期为2 a的柠条锦鸡儿作为供试种进行根系拉拔摩擦试验。试验结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿主根的作用主要为提供根-土间静摩擦力,侧根的作用则主要表现为增大根-土间最大静摩擦力、根-土间最大摩擦力及根-土间最大摩擦力对应的根系位移;柠条锦鸡儿根-土间最大摩擦力随着根系总表面积、根系总体积、根系总长、根系总干质量、侧根数5个根系形态学指标的增加而增大,根-土间最大摩擦力与5个根系形态学指标之间可建立幂函数关系,且通过相关性分析可知,根系总表面积是与柠条锦鸡儿根-土间最大摩擦力相关程度相对较为显著的根系形态学指标;在本试验条件下(土体质量含水率15.1%,密度1.65g/cm3)由单根(不含侧根的主根)拉拔摩擦试验所得到的柠条锦鸡儿主根与土体间静摩擦系数为0.738 9±0.04,该值显著大于区内不含根系土体内摩擦系数0.504 0±0.03,表明柠条锦鸡儿根-土界面间的摩擦力值及抵抗变形的能力大于不含根系土体。该项研究结果对于进一步探讨研究区灌木根系的拉拔摩擦力学机制,以及科学有效地防治坡面水土流失、浅层滑坡等地质灾害具有指导意义和实际应用价值。 相似文献
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寒旱环境植物护坡力学效应与根系化学成分响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
该项研究以试验区两种生长期为6a的灌木植物柠条锦鸡儿、霸王为例,分析了根系中所含半纤维素、木质素、纤维素和果胶质4种主要化学成分及其含量,并探讨了根系力学强度与其化学成分及其含量变化之间的关系。结果表明:柠条锦鸡儿根系平均抗拉强度为28.36～34.75MPa,霸王为4.53～6.61MPa,即柠条锦鸡儿根系平均抗拉强度显著大于霸王,且这两种灌木根系所含的4种化学成分由多至少依次为半纤维素、木质素、纤维素、果胶质,其中柠条锦鸡儿根系半纤维素含量为17.8%～29.03%,木质素为3.41%～5.36%,纤维素为2.3%～2.79%,果胶质为1.45%～2.15%;霸王根系半纤维素含量为15.6%～23.04%,木质素为3.69%～4.89%,纤维素为2.1%～3.06%,果胶质为1.92%～2.37%。两种灌木根系纤维素含量与根径、根系抗拉强度之间均表现出一定相关性;霸王根系半纤维素含量与其根系根径、抗拉强度之间呈相关性;柠条锦鸡儿根系果胶质含量与其根径、根系抗拉强度间均呈相关关系。本项研究可为进一步分析植物根系力学强度及其效应与根系组成特性之间的变化关系提供理论依据。 相似文献
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2种草本植物根系对长汀县崩岗洪积扇土壤水分状况的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
植被恢复是防治崩岗侵蚀的重要方法,为研究植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤水分状况的影响,以崩岗洪积扇上种植的深根系巨菌草和浅根系宽叶雀稗为研究对象,对其分层取样后,用环刀法测定土壤的密度、孔隙度和最大持水量等物理性质,计算土壤蓄水能力,并用WinRHIZO根系分析系统,测定根长和密度等参数.结果表明:巨菌草和宽叶雀稗的各根系特征指标,均随土层深度的增加而减小,巨菌草各根系指标均大于宽叶雀稗;有植被覆盖下的土壤密度均小于裸地,植被覆盖下土壤总孔隙度和毛管孔隙度均大于裸地,且随土层深度的增加而减小;有植被根系的土壤饱和蓄水量和毛管蓄水量均比裸地高,且与裸地差异显著;在土壤表层,宽叶雀稗增加土壤孔隙性和土壤保水能力大于巨菌草,而在土壤中深层,则巨菌草大于宽叶雀稗;根系改善土壤性质的能力,主要取决于其根长密度和根系总表面积,直径小于0.5mm的根系是影响土壤水分的最主要因子.研究植物根系对改良土壤水分状况的影响,以期为崩岗侵蚀防治中植被种类的筛选和推广提供依据. 相似文献
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Shuichi Asanuma Yasuhiro Kono Hirofumi Tanaka Michihiko Yatazawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):553-561
Abstract Root system of rice seedlings grown on nutrient solution inoculated with soil microorganisms were examined morphologically in comparison with those obtained under sterile condition. In the presence of soil microorganisms, primary roots increased in their number and decreased in the total length. Inoculated plants had more secondary roots equipped with tertiary roots. In addition, longer root hairs developed densely on primary and secondary roots of the inoculated seedlings. Anatomical examination of the primary roots revealed that the number and width of cortical layers, as well as the length and width of the cortical cells, were increased by the effect of microorganisms. Microbial effect on outer morphology of rice roots, consequently, was estimated to have been induced from the alteration in histological and cytological activities including the activation of the periclinal divisions of the epidermal cells, the inactivation of the transverse divisions of the cortical cells and the activation of the elongation of cortical cells. 相似文献
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In order to achieve high yields and environmental friendliness simultaneously, the replacement of chemical fertilizers by manure has become a research hotspot in recent years. Roots absorb nitrogen, participate in its assimilation and contribute to the cereal's dry matter accumulation. A 5-year filed experiment in the North China Plain was initiated to assess the response of root morphology and distribution of summer maize (Zea mays L.) to fertilizer application and contribution to crop yield. The treatments included CK (unfertilized control), NPK (inorganic nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium fertilizer) and NPKM (manure + 70% NPK). We determined the root biomass, root diameter, root length density (RLD) of three diameters (>0.8 mm, 1stRLD; 0.2–0.8 mm, 2ndRLD; <0.2 mm, 3rdRLD) and the soil chemical properties at 60 cm with 10 cm increments. At 40–60 cm, NPKM significantly decreased the root diameter than NPK. Fertilization showed no effect on total RLD, 1stRLD, 2ndRLD and 3rdRLD for a 60-cm soil profile. At 40–50 cm, the NPKM increased the RLD compared to NPK, mainly by increasing the 2ndRLD and 3rdRLD. Under CK and NPK, root lengths of 0–20 cm made up 62% and 57% of the total root length, respectively. Under NPKM, root lengths of 40–60 cm made up 46% of the total root length. Our results indicate that maize yield was preserved after replacing 30% of N fertilizer with manure, presumably depending on the change of root vertical distribution pattern and increase of the fine root length in deeper soil. 相似文献
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水、氮供应和土壤空间所引起的根系生理特性变化 总被引：24，自引：6，他引：24
在限制根系生长的胁迫条件下.,研究了补充和不补充供应水、氮对玉米根系生理特性及养分吸收的影响。结果表明.,正常生长条件下.,水、氮供应促进了根系生长.,增加了根系吸收总面积、活跃吸收面积和TTC还原量.,促进了根系对养分的吸收.,从而提高了产量.;限制根系生长.,水分的作用与正常条件下相同.,氮素的作用则受控于土壤水分。补充灌水增强了氮肥作用.,供氮促进了根系生长.,改善了根系生理特性.,减少了限制根系生长所引起的不良影响.;不补充灌水限制了氮肥作用的发挥.,供氮导致了根系生物量和生理特性下降.,加重了限制根系生长的不良影响。 相似文献
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Roots are the main plant organs that supply nutrients, water, hormones and physical support for the plant. Phosphorus (P) is one of the most limiting and important elements in root growth and crop production. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of different sources of phosphorus treatments on root growth (root length, diameter and dry matter) of barley. The two glasshouse pot experiments results showed that under P deficiency, the weight of dry root significantly decreased and the total root length of whole plant significantly increased with decrease of root diameter. Our results suggested that soil fertility and root structure are widely recognized as important role of the soil community and plant growth, the root structure and root extension can directly and indirectly affected by soil fertility and specially P nutrient of the soil. Accordingly, root characteristics can determine the circumstance of plant growth and crop production. 相似文献
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两个氮素利用率不同的水稻品种根系形态及生理特性的差异 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The variation in nitrogen (N) uptake by rice has been widely studied but differences in rice root morphology that may contribute to this variation are not completely understood. Field and greenhouse experiments were carried out to study N accumulation, root dry weights, total root lengths, root surface areas, and root bleeding rates of two rice cultivars, Elio with low N-use efficiency and Nanguang with high N-use efficiency. Low (1 mmol N L-1) and high (5 mmol N L-1) N applications were established in the greenhouse experiment, and the N rates were 0, 120, and 240 kg ha-1 in the field experiments at Jiangning and Jiangpu farms, Nanjing, China. The results showed that the N accumulation, root dry weight, total root length, and root surface area increased with an increase in N application. At the heading stage, N accumulation in the shoots and roots of Nanguang was greater than that of Elio in the field experiments and that of Elio at 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. After the heading stage, N accumulation was higher for Nanguang at both 1 and 5 mmol N L-1 in the greenhouse experiment. The total root length and root surface area were significantly different between the two cultivars. Over the range of the fertilizer application rates, the root lengths of Nanguang at Jiangning Farm were 49%-61% greater at booting and 26%-39% greater at heading than those of Elio, and at Jiangpu Farm they were 22%-42% and 26%-38% greater, respectively. Nanguang had a greater root bleeding rate than Elio. It was concluded that the N-use efficiency of the two rice cultivars studied depended to a great extent on the root morphological parameters and root physiological characteristics at different growth stages. 相似文献
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Junichi Yamaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):625-629
The variation in the root diameter of field-grown crops was directly measured under a microscope by manually removing soil particles from roots without washing the roots. The frequency of the root diameter at the mode (about 10 μm, mainly of root hairs) was higher in wheat and maize (about 60%) than in soybean and sugar beet (about 30%), and it was the lowest in potato (21%). The diameter of 88 to 97% of the roots larger than 20 μm ranged from 21 to 160 μm. The finer the roots, the higher was the frequency, except for potato roots in which the frequency of roots with a diameter of 21 to 40, 41 to 80, and 81 to 160 μm was about 30%. Since fine roots and root hairs account for the largest proportion of the crop root system, they should appropriately be quantified whenever morphological and physiological aspects of roots are analyzed. 相似文献
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贺兰山3种乔木单根及根土复合体力学特性 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为研究和比较贺兰山山杨、青海云杉、油松单根和根土复合体的力学特性,通过单根拉伸、三轴压缩、饱和渗透试验测定了3种乔木单根和根土复合体的力学参数及土水特征曲线。结果表明:3种乔木单根力学特性存在显著差异,且直径对单根的力学特性有显著影响。单根最大拉力与直径成幂函数相关,随直径增大而增大;单根抗拉强度、杨氏模量与直径成对数函数相关,随直径增大而减小。山杨单根平均最大拉力(0.38kN)青海云杉(0.25kN)油松(0.17kN);山杨单根平均抗拉强度(33.39 MPa)青海云杉(27.79MPa)油松(18.45MPa);山杨单根平均杨氏模量(0.17GPa)青海云杉(0.12GPa)油松(0.11GPa)。3种乔木根土复合体的黏聚力、弹性模量存在显著差异,但摩擦角没有显著差异(平均值30.48°)。山杨根土复合体的黏聚力(10.65kPa)青海云杉(8.97kPa)油松(7.13kPa);山杨根土复合体的弹性模量(2.17 MPa)青海云杉(2.52 MPa)油松(4.21 MPa)。3种乔木根土复合体的土水特征曲线、渗透函数曲线都存在极显著差异,山杨根土复合体的渗透能力油松青海云杉。研究结果对于评价山杨、青海云杉、油松稳定边坡能力和建立贺兰山边坡稳定性分析数值模型都具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
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[目的]探究灌木根系几何特性对拉拔力的影响,为边坡防护植物物种的选择与植物价值的充分利用提供理论参考。[方法]以红叶石楠为例,通过对多根系形态的灌木根系进行室外拉拔试验,研究不同含水率、根系形态、二级侧根等情况对根土间相互作用力的影响。[结果]Y型根系和水平根系最大拉拔力随土壤含水率的增加呈对数和指数函数减小,而主直根系最大拉拔力随土壤含水率的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,最优含水率在17.5%左右;Y型根系的最大拉拔力随Y型根系夹角的增加逐渐增大,而根系全段激活时间随根系夹角的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,在夹角为75°时最容易被激活;Y型根系及主直根系的最大拉拔力均随二级侧根数的增加呈线性增加,且主直根系最大拉拔力的增加趋势大于Y型根系。主直根系在土壤含水率为10%,20%,25%时,拉拔曲线呈拉拔硬化型,含水率为15%时,拉拔曲线呈拉拔软化型;水平根系和Y型根系在含水率为15%,17.5%时,拉拔曲线呈拉拔硬化型,含水率为20%,22.5%,25%时,拉拔曲线呈拉拔软化型。[结论]根系形态与含水率是影响根系拉拔力的关键因素,根系形态越复杂,拉拔力越大;含水率越高,拉拔曲线逐渐由硬化向软化型转变。 相似文献