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1.
岷江上游流域植被覆盖度及其与地形因子的相关性 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
[目的]研究岷江上游流域植被覆盖度随不同高程带、坡度带、坡向分布变化的特征及相关性,为该地区利用有利地形加强生态环境建设和防治水土流失提供依据。[方法]在GIS和RS技术支持下,利用Landsat-8OLI遥感影像和DEM数据提取植被覆盖度和地形因子进行叠加分析,构建统计样本定量分析植被覆盖度与地形因子间的相关关系。[结果]研究区总体植被覆盖情况良好,中度以上植被覆盖区占研究区面积75.0%,低植被覆盖区仅占15.2%。植被覆盖度随海拔高度和坡度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,在海拔2 500~3 000m和坡度25°~45°达到最大值;阳坡的植被覆盖度略大于阴坡。各地形因子对不同植被覆盖度的影响程度不同,低植被覆盖区受坡度影响较显著,极高度植被覆盖区受海拔高度影响较显著,其他植被覆盖区与地形因子的相关性无明显规律。[结论]岷江上游流域植被覆盖度与地形因子关系紧密,地形因子变化对生态环境有重要影响。 相似文献
2.
应用遥感与地理信息系统技术,通过矢量数据和栅格数据的转换和数据叠加方法,研究了丹江流域陕西片不同高程、坡度、坡向及起伏度4种地形因子下的土地利用/覆盖特征及其多样化指数。结果表明,丹江流域土地利用类型以草地为主;除水域外各种土地利用类型随高程分布特征均呈现明显的峰值特征,其中耕地、林地以及草地在海拔800～1 200m内面积比重较大;15°～25°坡度上各土地利用面积比重最大;坡向对土地利用类型分布的影响较小;海拔200～300m是林地和草地2种地类共同的起伏度临界区间。研究结果反映了土地利用变化过程及其自然驱动力影响特征,为进一步研究丹江流域土地利用结构调整和水土保持措施规划提供了科学依据与理论支持。 相似文献
3.
玛纳斯河流域植被覆盖度随地形因子的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于2000-2016年MODIS NDVI数据,利用像元二分模型和ArcGIS空间分析功能对玛纳斯河流域植被覆盖度分布格局及动态变化特征进行研究,并分析植被覆盖度变化在高程、坡度和坡向上的空间分布差异。结果表明：（1）玛纳斯河流域以低等级植被覆盖为主,高等级植被覆盖面积显著增加,其它各等级面积波动较小,研究期内植被覆盖改善的面积比例（31.17%）远大于退化的面积比例（16.1%）,研究区总体植被覆盖度增加,生态环境有所好转。（2）在海拔<800m,坡度<8°区域内,植被覆盖度明显改善,植被显著退化区主要分布在海拔1300-3400m,坡度>25°区域内,植被覆盖度未发生变化的区域主要集中在海拔>3600m范围内。（3）当海拔>2100m时,植被覆盖度随海拔增加呈现持续减少的趋势,海拔低于2100m的地带,植被覆盖度随海拔增加波动较大。（4）随着坡度的增加,植被覆盖度呈逐渐减小的趋势,全流域0?5°坡度范围内植被覆盖度最大（42.69%）。（5）在各坡向上,植被覆盖度差异不明显。流域内平地上的植被覆盖度最大（44.21%）;阴坡的植被覆盖度优于阳坡,植被变化趋势除在平地区域较显著外,其余坡向间差异不大。 相似文献
4.
彭博 《水土保持应用技术》2023,(4):16-18
采用MODIS NDVI遥感影像数据和像元二分模型估算大凌河流域5个时期植被覆盖度,通过线性趋势分析和DEM数据揭示植被覆盖度的时空变化特征及其与地形因子的关系。结果表明：大凌河流域2006—2021年植被覆盖度整体呈上升趋势,并以高、中高和中覆盖度为主,流域下游植被覆盖度良好;大凌河流域植被覆盖度随高程的增加而提高,随坡度的增大而逐渐增高,植被覆盖度与坡向的关系较小,不同坡向的变化较为平缓;大凌河流域植被生长状况和覆盖状况逐渐变好,植被生长受地形因子影响显著。 相似文献
5.
祁连山国家公园植被覆盖变化地形分异效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的] 分析祁连山国家公园不同时间植被覆盖变化情况以及不同高程、坡度、坡向等地形条件下植被覆盖变化的空间分异性,为祁连山生态环境修复和保护提供参考依据和数据支撑。[方法] 利用祁连山2006,2014,2019年3期遥感影像,采用像元二分模型估算植被覆盖度,结合趋势分析法和地形面积修正法,对不同地形条件下植被覆盖空间分异性及变化特征进行分析。[结果] ①祁连山植被覆盖度空间分布格局为西北部低,东南部高,总体以较低植被覆盖度为主。2006—2019年,祁连山植被覆盖度整体呈增加趋势,增加面积约占46.7%,减少面积约占33.3%,植被恢复状况较好,其中,低和较低植被覆盖度面积减小,其他等级植被覆盖度面积均有不同程度的增加。②祁连山植被覆盖变化在不同高程范围内存在明显差异：3 200 m以下中低海拔区域呈增加趋势,2 200 m以下低海拔区域增加特别明显;3 700 m以上中高海拔区域则呈减少趋势,且海拔越高减少趋势越明显。③随着坡度的增加,祁连山植被覆盖变化趋势由增加转为稳定再转为减少。坡度15°以下区域呈增加趋势;坡度25°以上区域呈减少趋势;坡度40°以上区域减少趋势尤其明显;坡度15°~25°范围内分布相对稳定。④从坡向来看,除平地外,祁连山植被覆盖变化类型在其他坡向上的差异较小。[结论] 祁连山植被覆盖变化在高程、坡度等地形条件下差异明显,坡向的地形效应不明显。 相似文献
6.
土地利用与地形因子关系研究——以砖窑沟流域为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以黄土丘陵沟壑区的砖窑沟流域为例,依据2003年和2008年两期土地利用现状图,采用地理信息系统(GIS)软件和统计分析(SPSS)软件,进行了基于10m×10m栅格单元的土地利用与地形因子关系的研究,探讨了土地利用格局的演变及其驱动力。结果表明:基于栅格的土地利用类型与坡度、坡向和海拔关系的综合分析是从数量上准确剖析土地利用空间分布特征及其演化规律的有效方法;砖窑沟流域的海拔、坡度、坡向的平均值分别为1069m、19.24°和279°(西坡);采用各种土地利用类型的sin(坡向)和cos(坡向)平均值绘制坡向分布图,可直观地显示各种土地利用类型坡向分布特征。分析表明,农田和宜林荒山共占流域总面积的80%左右,二者的分布和变化控制着整个流域土地利用的地形分布格局。农田主要以坡地和梯田的形式分布于坡上、峁顶和梁顶,坡度较低,而海拔较高,与坡度呈显著负相关,与海拔呈显著正相关;而宜林荒山往往分布于坡度较大而海拔较低的位置,与坡度呈显著正相关,而与海拔呈显著负相关。研究结果反映了黄土丘陵沟壑区土地利用的地形地貌特征。生态建设项目的实施可在短时间使土地利用的空间分布发生较大变化。 相似文献
7.
西南地区生长季植被覆盖时空变化特征及其对气候与地形因子的响应 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
为探究西南地区生长季植被覆盖时空变化特征以及驱动因子如何定量影响其动态变化,基于MODIS NDVI数据,通过趋势分析、变异系数、相关分析等方法研究了西南地区2000-2016年生长季植被覆盖的时空变化特征,并结合气候因子、DEM数据,分析了植被覆盖对气候与地形因子的影响程度。结果表明:西南地区近17年来生长季NDVI呈增长趋势（0.009/10 a）,其中4月份增速最显著（0.029/10 a）;呈增加趋势的区域占研究区总面积71.94%,主要分布在东部与东南部区域;植被覆盖变化以较低稳定（31.15%）与中度稳定（25.36%）占主导。研究区NDVI与气温、降水的相关性在空间分布上主要以正相关为主;月尺度NDVI与气候因子的相关性高于年尺度的值;植被覆盖度与月平均气温的相关性高于其与月降水量的相关性,植被生长对降水月变化的响应不明显,对气温的响应无明显滞后效应。研究区平均NDVI在海拔大于4 000 m区域最小（0.30）,在坡度0°~5°区域最小（0.37）,但是NDVI的显著退化趋势则是以海拔大于4 000 m处最大（14.33%）;海拔大于4 000 m区域主要受降水控制,坡度5°~15°区域主要受气温控制;坡向对植被生长变化的影响没有海拔和坡度影响大。 相似文献
8.
2000-2018年广西植被时空变化及其对地形、气候和土地利用的响应 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
广西是典型的喀斯特地区,其生态系统非常脆弱。为评估广西植被时空变化特征及其影响因素,该研究基于2000－2018年MODIS数据,利用最大值合成和趋势分析等方法,分析广西植被NDVI时空变化特征;基于相关分析等方法,结合地形因子、气候因子和土地利用数据,探讨了植被NDVI对地形、气候变化和土地利用的响应。结果表明：1）2000－2018年广西植被NDVI呈增加趋势,但空间差异显著,表现为北高南低,边缘高中间低。2）随着高程的增加植被NDVI呈现先增加再减少的趋势;随着坡度的增加植被NDVI呈先增加至稳定再减小的趋势;除无坡向以外,坡向的不同对植被NDVI影响不大。3）广西2000－2018年气温和降水对植被NDVI为正影响,复相关系数达到0.32。在不同土地利用类型上,植被NDVI对气候的响应是不同的。研究结果揭示了广西植被时空变化特征及其对地形、气候和土地利用的响应,能够为广西可持续发展和生态环境建设提供决策支持。 相似文献
9.
[目的] 探究长白山区植被动态变化及其与地形的响应关系,为山区生态环境保护与治理提供科学支撑。[方法] 基于MODIS NDVI与DEM数据,采用像元二分模型估算长白山区2000—2020年植被覆盖度,运用Sen+Mann-Kendall趋势分析、空间自相关分析及重心迁移模型,结合地形面积差异修正系数,深入解析植被覆盖度时空演变特征,并定量揭示植被覆盖变化在高程、坡度、坡向因子上的分异效应。[结果] ①时空分布上,2000—2020年长白山区植被覆盖度以0.023 7/(10 a)(p＜0.001)的速率增长并于2010年发生明显的上升突变,呈“四周高,中间低”的分布格局,整体处于较高水平。②时空变化上,2000—2020年长白山区植被改善区域面积远大于退化区域面积,呈以“高—高”模式为主的显著聚集状态,但聚集程度波动下降;21 a间植被覆盖重心整体向西南迁移。③地形分异上,长白山区植被覆盖度随海拔、坡度升高均表现为先增加后减少趋势,不同时段下海拔＜600 m,≥1 200 m及坡度＜2°,≥25°区域植被普遍呈退化趋势,海拔600~1 200 m及坡度2°~25°范围内以改善或稳定趋势为主;平地区域植被退化趋势明显,其他坡向上各变化类型差异较小。[结论] 近21 a来长白山区植被状况总体向好发展,不同高程和坡度条件下植被变化空间分异明显,而坡向对植被变化的影响并不显著。 相似文献
10.
[目的]调查天山西部生态环境植被覆盖状况,为科学保护区域生态环境和管理提供科学依据。[方法]以天山西部林区—霍城林场为研究对象,基于1999,2007和2016年3个时期的Landsat TM遥感影像和DEM数据,运用归一化植被指数分析研究区植被覆盖情况和空时变化特征。[结果]时间变化上,1999—2016年期间霍城林场植被覆盖以Ⅱ和Ⅲ级为主,所占比重达到55%以上,总体上是呈现上升趋势;空间分布上,霍城林场因海拔、坡度和坡向等地形因子的不同而出现不同的分布和变化特征,当海拔在1 500~2 000 m和2 000~2 500 m或者坡度30°~45°的区域时,植被覆盖度相对较高;当海拔 < 1 500 m以及 > 2 500 m或坡度 < 30°的区域时,植被覆盖度相对较低;植被覆盖度随着坡向的变化而变化着,呈现出阴坡 > 半阴坡 > 半阳坡 > 阳坡的分布特征;当海拔 < 1 500m和坡度 < 30°的区域时,植被覆盖度变化较为明显,而当海拔 > 2 500 m和坡度 > 45°的区域时,因受人为社会活动影响小,植被覆盖变化不明显。[结论]1999—2016年期间,霍城林场植被覆盖在时间变化上总体呈现上升趋势,在空间分布上因海拔、坡度和坡向等地形因子的不同呈现不同的分布和变化特征。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献