共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 685 毫秒
1.
黄土区冰草和柳枝稷草地土壤分离生长季变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以黄土区的黄绵土为材料,研究了退耕还草3年和17年条件下,黄绵土的土壤分离能力生长季的变化。结果表明:两种退耕草地黄绵土的土壤分离能力在整个生长季均呈下降趋势,其中,冰草地的土壤分离能力具有明显的生长季变化(P0.05),柳枝稷草地无明显生长季变化(P0.05)。土壤硬化、水稳性团聚体和根系生长是影响两种退耕草地土壤分离能力生长季变化的主要因素。两种退耕草地黄绵土的土壤分离能力在生长季的变化可以用土壤容重、根系密度和水流剪切力很好地模拟(R20.82,ME0.82)。 相似文献
2.
对黄土丘陵区植被恢复中柳枝稷、长芒草和白羊草这3种典型草地土壤有机碳、微生物量碳以及团聚体中有机碳的含量变化和分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中有机碳、微生物量碳以及不同粒级团聚体中有机碳均集中分布在土壤的表层;不同草地类型下有机碳的含量大小顺序为:柳枝稷草地>长芒草草地>白羊草草地;相同土层深度土壤各粒级团聚体中有机碳的分布表现为2～1mm粒级团聚体中有机碳含量明显高于其它粒级中有机碳的含量;在3种典型草地中,柳枝稷草地土壤中有机碳含量和团聚体中有机碳含量高于长芒草和白羊草草地的含量,柳枝稷草地土壤微生物量碳的含量仅低于长芒草中的含量。 相似文献
3.
黄土丘陵区退耕草地土壤分离能力季节变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用变坡试验水槽的方法,研究了黄土高原丘陵区退耕3年草地(赖草)和退耕17年草地(紫花苜蓿)在生长季土壤分离过程的季节变化及其影响因素。结果表明:赖草和紫花苜蓿地的土壤分离能力在整个生长季均呈现显著下降的季节变化趋势(p0.05)。赖草地的平均土壤分离能力最大(0.076±0.036 kg m-2 s-1),其次是紫花苜蓿地(0.057±0.055 kg m-2 s-1);两种草地土壤分离能力的季节变化主要受到土壤硬化、水稳性团聚体和草地根系生长的影响,随土壤粘结力、容重、水稳性团聚体和草地根系密度的增加,两种退耕草地的土壤分离能力均呈指数形式下降;两种草地土壤分离能力的季节变化可以用水流剪切力、土壤容重和草地根系密度很好的模拟。为黄土高原地区退耕还林(草)水土保持措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
4.
为研究草地雀麦的水土保持作用,在延庆县选择25。坡地建立了相应的径流试验小区,并对土壤侵蚀量、土壤水分、土壤紧实度以及根系地下生物量等指标进行了测定。结果表明,种植草地雀麦能显著减小荒坡地水土流失。土壤侵蚀量随植被覆盖度增加而逐渐减小,当植被覆盖度为90％时,年径流量和侵蚀模数仅为14233．19m^3／km^2和57．82t／（km^2·a）,保水固土能力分别可达67．8％和98．31％。种植草地雀麦后,浅层（0～30cm）土壤的紧实度显著增加,10cm土层深度处是对照地的1．72倍,雨后土壤水分动态变化趋势平缓,保水效果显著;草地雀麦根系的98．1％集中分布于0—30cm土层。 相似文献
5.
人工植被建植对坡地水土流失的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
自然降雨条件下,以裸露坡地为对照,研究两种人工植被玉米与草地建植对坡地水土流失的影响,结果表明:草地雀麦地建植1 a以后.越年7月份覆盖度可达75.6%,是同期玉米地的1.7倍,8月份高度、密度、叶面积指数达到最大,且1个生长季内的地上生物量可达4 238.0 kg/hm2,0-30 cm地下生物量为4 991.4 kg/hm2,是玉米地的5.5倍.人工植被建植可以显著提高土壤人渗率,降低坡地水土流失,2007年草地雀麦地表年径流量和土壤侵蚀模数为14 528.9 m3/km2和77.9 t/(km2·a),保水、固土能力达到87.5%和98.9%,是玉米地的1.7倍和1.1倍,与玉米地相比,水土保持效果更好.同时,不同植被次地表径流流失防治效果受降雨影响较大,降雨量与降雨强度越大,草地防治效果越明显,且草地建植与玉米种植相比,次土壤侵蚀防治效果更加稳定,有利于年土壤侵蚀总量减少. 相似文献
6.
为探讨自然条件下黄土高原地区刺槐林地枯落物和根系对土壤侵蚀的影响。采用5个坡度(8.7%,17.6%,26.8%,36.4%和46.6%)及3种流量(0.5,1.0,2.0 L/s)分别在有枯落物覆盖、去除枯落物的植被和裸坡样地进行试验,探讨刺槐林地枯落物和根系对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,枯落物和根系对土壤侵蚀有显著影响,当枯落物厚度超过3 cm、根系密度>0.5 kg/m3时,土壤侵蚀量减小程度趋于稳定。与裸坡相比,刺槐林地土壤侵蚀量减少约55%,且根系和枯落物对土壤侵蚀量减少的贡献率分别为66%和34%。此外,枯落物与根系可降低土壤可蚀性,增加土壤剪切力,进而增强土壤的抗蚀能力。与裸坡相比,有枯落物覆盖和去除枯落物覆盖的植被样地土壤可蚀性分别降低80%和66%,土壤剪切力分别提高285%和237%。研究结果为揭示森林植被的土壤侵蚀机制提供新的思路,对改善黄土高原的植被建设具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
7.
北京山区石灰性褐土草地雀麦播种后第2a,研究了其主要生物学特性对土壤物理性质及坡地水土流失的影响.结果表明,草地雀麦种植1a后,4月份返青,7月份地表覆盖度可达85%以上,8月份植株密度最大,地上、地下生物量为2322.6 kg/hm2和5623.0 kg/hm2,且0-10 cm地下生物量是草地雀麦地下水土保持功能发挥的主要部分.北京地区石灰性褐土土壤侵蚀的主要形式是坡面地表径流流失,降雨与植物生物学特性是坡地土壤侵蚀的主要影响因素,且不同因素作用大小表现为:地表径流量＞降雨量＞降雨强度＞坡度＞植被盖度＞植被高度＞植株密度.草地雀麦种植第2a,可以明显改善石灰性褐土土壤物理性质,减小土壤容重2.4%～9.8%,降低土壤紧实度,提高土壤入渗率,坡地地表年径流损失量与土壤侵蚀模数仅为13.5 mm和105.2 t/(km2·a),保水固土能力达到65.4%和98.1%,水土保持效果显著. 相似文献
8.
坡面薄层水流分离土壤的动力学机理 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为探讨土壤分离过程的水动力机理及植被根系对土壤分离的抑制作用,采用变坡实验水槽,系统研究坡度、流量及根系对土壤分离速率的定量影响。结果表明,土壤分离速率是坡度、流量及根系密度的函数;植被根系能显著降低土壤分离速率,草地土壤分离速率均值仅为休闲对照地的30.6%;随根系密度增加,土壤分离速率呈指数关系下降;0～4 kg/m^3为根系减少土壤分离的有效密度区间,在此范围内,根系密度的增加能引起土壤分离速率的急剧降低,超过4 kg/m^3,随根系密度增加,土壤分离速率的降幅并不明显。 相似文献
9.
黄土丘陵区须根系作物地土壤分离季节变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用变坡试验水槽的试验方法,研究了黄土丘陵区典型须根系作物玉米和谷子在生长季土壤分离能力的季节变化及潜在影响因素。结果表明:在作物生长季,须根系作物玉米地和谷子地的土壤分离能力具有明显的季节变化(P0.05),并表现出了相似的季节变化模式;两种作物地土壤分离能力的季节变化主要受到农事活动、土壤硬化、水稳性团聚体和作物根系生长的影响;两种作物地的土壤分离能力可以用土壤粘结力、作物根系密度和水流剪切力很好地拟合(R~20.75,NSE0.74)。 相似文献
10.
为探讨草本植物根系对崩岗洪积扇土壤分离的影响,以宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)和巨菌草(Pennisetumsp.)为研究对象,采用变坡水槽冲刷试验,研究种植草本植物后土壤分离的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明:各土层平均土壤分离速率大小为裸地(69.93g/(s·m2))宽叶雀稗(57.42g/(s·m2))巨菌草(43.28g/(s·m2)),且不同植被土壤分离速率均随着土层的加深呈幂函数增加;根长密度是影响土壤分离最重要的根系指标,宽叶雀稗小区土壤分离速率随各根系参数指标的增大呈对数函数下降,而巨菌草区则表现为幂函数下降,体现了不同植被根系构型对土壤分离效应的差异;2种草地土壤分离速率可以用水流剪切力、土壤抗剪强度和根长密度很好的模拟(NSE≥0.90)。研究结果可为崩岗治理措施的配置提供科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Protecting soil structure against compaction—proposed solutions to safeguard agricultural soils To safeguard the ecological soil functions and the functions linked to human activities, measures against harmful changes to the soil are required, in line with the precautionary principle. The German Federal Soil Protection Act sets obligations for precaution in agricultural land use and, if harmful changes to the soil are foreseeable, measures for averting a danger. The results of a research project of the Federal Environmental Agency show that it is possible to describe an impairment of the soil structure, using methods of soil analysis. But this as a sole information would not qualify for the identification of harmful changes to the soil in the context of the Soil Protection Act, which requires an assessment of the severity of disruption of soil functions and the respective subject of protection. This would make additional soil investigations on site mandatory. Approaches in agricultural engineering and soil physics have introduced procedures to preserve the soil structure, in accordance with the precautionary principle. But these procedures have different goals and different ranges of application and hence offer partial solutions to safeguard against soil compaction. The assessment model of “trafficability by measuring the rut depth” provides information about the compaction status of the soil under applied conditions for farming gear, without providing detailed information about affected soil layers. The soil‐physical model of classifying soils into “risk classes for harmful soil compaction” focuses on the relationship between topsoil compaction and crop yields. The soil‐physical models “precompression stress” and “loading ratio” provide information for the assessment of subsoil compaction and a prognosis of a possible impairment of the soil structure at the water content of field capacity. It is necessary to validate the individual models with additional regional data about soil structure before a final assessment of the prognoses is made. 相似文献
12.
Soil Erodibility and Physicochemical Properties of Collapsing Gully Alluvial Fans in Southern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In southern China, collapsing gully erosion produces massive deposits of sediment on the plough layer of alluvial fan farmland, leading to reduced nutrients, increased erodibility, and even desertification. The aim of this study was to investigate soil erodibility (the factor K in the universal Soil Loss Equation, USLE) and physicochemical properties of the alluvial fans of the most severe collapsing gully erosion areas (Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces) in southern China. The soils of the collapsing gully alluvial fans had a higher bulk density, but a lower total porosity, saturated water content, and silt and clay fractions than the control (CK) soils from the farmland without desertification. Soil quality gradually decreased from fan edge to fanhead. Significant decreases were found in soil pH, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, and total potassium, nitrogen, and phosphorus, as well as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, resulting in a gradual decrease in soil nutrients from the fanedge to the fanhead. Soil erodibility was greatest in the fanhead, and soil erodibility K values of the alluvial fans were 53.71%, 66.28%, 67.53%, and 71.68 % greater than that in those of the CK soils of Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong, respectively, indicating a significant correlation between the soil erodibility K values and physicochemical properties, particularly sand fraction and organic matter content. The results provide new insights into the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and erodibility of alluvial fans, and suggest that improving soil structure might increase soil fertility in the collapsing gully alluvial fan farmland. 相似文献
13.
The concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management. 相似文献
14.
15.
土壤孔隙结构与土壤微环境和有机碳周转关系的研究进展 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
土壤结构是土壤功能的基础,不仅影响土壤养分的供应、水分的保持及渗透、气体的交换等过程,还为土壤微生物提供了物理生境,并调控土壤有机碳的周转这一关键过程。土壤的孔隙特征能够直接、真实地反映土壤结构的好坏;用土壤的孔隙特征作为试验指标能更好地反映土壤结构对这些过程的调节作用。在此基础上,将高度异质性的土壤孔隙结构同土壤微环境的变化和土壤有机碳的周转过程进行定量分析,对深入了解土壤结构在土壤生态系统中的功能至关重要。因此,着重从土壤孔隙结构对土壤微环境的影响及其与有机碳的关系两方面展开,剖析土壤孔隙结构调控作用下的土壤微环境响应过程,阐述土壤孔隙结构对土壤有机碳周转产生的直接、间接影响,强调土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转进程中的重要作用,并对土壤孔隙结构在调节土壤有机碳周转、植物残体分解及其与微生物协调作用机制等方面研究提出展望。 相似文献
16.
17.
基于30年长期定位试验,通过测定黑土光谱反射率和不同腐殖质组分含量,探究了不同施肥对黑土土壤腐殖质含量、土壤颜色及二者之间的关系。试验设置5个处理:(1)休耕(Fallow);(2)不施肥处理(CK);(3)单施化肥(NPK);(4)有机肥部分替代化肥(NPKM);(5)秸秆部分替代化肥处理(NPKS)。结果表明:与NPK处理相比,Fallow、NPKS、NPKM分别显著提高49.7%,74.3%,27.0%的土壤有机碳含量(p<0.05)。NPKM处理中胡敏酸(HA)含量最高为3.9 g/kg,随后依次为CK、NPKS、NPK、Fallow。NPKM、NPKS和Fallow处理中土壤富里酸(FA)含量为2.2~2.3 g/kg,显著高于NPK和CK。NPKM处理中胡敏素(HM)含量为18.6 g/kg,显著高于其他处理(p<0.05)。不同处理间土壤光谱反射率由高到低依次为NPK>Fallow、CK>NPKS>NPKM,与CK处理相比,NPK土壤光谱反射率在平均提高6.5%,NPKS和NPKM则分别降低11.1%和15.1%。根据线性相关分析结果,黑土土壤光谱反射率与土壤HAHM均呈显著负相关关系(p<0.01),相关系数(r)分别为-0.858,-0.681。综合上述结果,长期有机物料投入可以显著提高黑土腐殖物质含量,降低黑土光谱反射率,使黑土颜色加深,而长期化肥施入则使黑土光谱反射率提高,出现"褪色"现象,有机粪肥在黑土中对土壤有机质和腐殖质含量的提升效果优于秸秆。 相似文献
18.
金沙江干热峡谷中退化的土壤生态系统生物学特征初探 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Distribution characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity were studied in the dry red soil and Vertisol ecosystems with different degradation degrees in the Yuanmou dry hot valley of the Jinsha River,China.Results showed that Hymenoptera,Araneae and Collembola were the dominant groups of soil animals in the polts studied.The numbers of groups and individuals and density of soil animals in the dry red soil series were higher than those in the Vertisol series,and the numbers of individuals and density of soil animals decreased with the degree of soil degradation.Bacteria dominated microbiococnosis not only in the dry red soils but also in the Vertisols.Microbial numbers of the dry red soil series were higher than those of Vertisol series,and decreased with the degree of soil degradation.The activities of catalase,invertase,urease and alkaline phosphatase declined with the degradation degree and showed a significant decline with depth in the profiles of both the dry red soils and the Vertisols,but activities of polyphenol oxidase and acid and neutral phosphatase showed the same tendencies only in the Vertisols.It was concluded that the characteristics of soil animals,microorganisms and enzymatic activity could be used as the bio-indicators to show the degradation degree of the dry red soils and Vertisols.Correlation among these soil bio-indicators was highly significant. 相似文献
19.
Depth distribution of soil wettability and its correlations with vegetation type, soil texture, and pH were investigated under various land use (cropland, grassland, and forestland) and soil management systems. Wettability was evaluated by contact angle with the Wilhelmy plate method. Water repellency was likely to be present under permanently vegetated land, but less common on tilled agricultural land. It was mostly prevalent in the topsoil, especially in coarse-textured soils, and decreased in the subsoil. However, the depth dependency of wettability could not be derived from the investigated wide range of soils. The correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed that the wettability in repellent soils was affected more by soil organic carbon (SOC) than by soil texture and pH, whereas in wettable soils, soil texture and pH were more effective than SOC. Furthermore, the quality of SOC seemed to be more important in determining wettability than its quantity, as proofed by stronger hydrophobicity under coniferous than under deciduous forestland. Soil management had a minor effect on wettability if conventional and conservation tillage or different grazing intensities were considered. 相似文献
20.
设施栽培下原状土与扰动土水分特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以四川省双流县设施栽培土壤为研究对象,对其原状土与扰动土的土壤水分特征曲线、水分物理性质和比水容量等项目进行了研究。结果表明,扰动土水分特征曲线总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土含水量高于原状土,在高吸力阶段两者差异较小。扰动土毛管孔隙度、总孔度和凋萎含水量在剖面上的总体变化趋势与原状土较为一致。扰动土不同土层田间持水量和有效水含量差异较小,原状土的田间持水量和有效水含量均随土层加深而减少。在低吸力阶段,相同吸力条件下扰动土比水容量远高于原状土,但随土壤水吸力增加,扰动土比水容量变化趋势逐渐与原状土一致。 相似文献