共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 903 毫秒
1.
The adult Drosophila midgut contains multipotent intestinal stem cells (ISCs) scattered along its basement membrane that have been shown by lineage analysis to generate both enterocytes and enteroendocrine cells. ISCs containing high levels of cytoplasmic Delta-rich vesicles activate the canonical Notch pathway and down-regulate Delta within their daughters, a process that programs these daughters to become enterocytes. ISCs that express little vesiculate Delta, or are genetically impaired in Notch signaling, specify their daughters to become enteroendocrine cells. Thus, ISCs control daughter cell fate by modulating Notch signaling over time. Our studies suggest that ISCs actively coordinate cell production with local tissue requirements by this mechanism. 相似文献
2.
Pluripotent cells in the embryo can generate all cell types, but lineage-restricted cells are generally thought to replenish adult tissues. Planarians are flatworms and regenerate from tiny body fragments, a process requiring a population of proliferating cells (neoblasts). Whether regeneration is accomplished by pluripotent cells or by the collective activity of multiple lineage-restricted cell types is unknown. We used ionizing radiation and single-cell transplantation to identify neoblasts that can form large descendant-cell colonies in vivo. These clonogenic neoblasts (cNeoblasts) produce cells that differentiate into neuronal, intestinal, and other known postmitotic cell types and are distributed throughout the body. Single transplanted cNeoblasts restored regeneration in lethally irradiated hosts. We conclude that broadly distributed, adult pluripotent stem cells underlie the remarkable regenerative abilities of planarians. 相似文献
3.
狮头鹅GH基因内含子2多态性与生长和屠宰性状的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据鸭生长激素基因内含子2序列设计3对引物,利用PCR-SSCP方法对狮头鹅进行了单核苷酸多态性分析。结果表明:狮头鹅GH基因内含子2内存在多态性,得到3种基因型EE、EF和FF,其中EE基因型为优势基因型,且等位基因E的频率较高。卡方检验结果表明,基因型分布符合H ardy—W e inberg平衡。基因型对6~10周龄体重、屠体重、半净膛重等11个性状有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的影响,且在各个性状上,EE基因型个体的均值均高于EF和FF基因型个体。故初步推断EE基因型可以作为地方鹅种高生产性能的分子标记。 相似文献
4.
为了更深入的对植物增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen, PCNA)进行研究,本研究归纳了PCNA的研究现状,总结了PCNA的结构特征和包括PCNA参与DNA复制、DNA损伤修复和细胞周期调控等在内的PCNA的功能特点。目前有关PCNA的研究以医学和动物体为主,有关植物PCNA研究的报道很少且相对落后,但已有文献指出,PCNA调控DNA复制,参与DNA复制以确保植物体正常生长发育,因此植物PCNA的功能值得继续研究。 相似文献
5.
Asymmetric positioning of the mitotic spindle before cytokinesis can produce different-sized daughter cells that have distinct fates. Here, we found an asymmetric division in the Caenorhabditis elegans Q neuroblast lineage that began with a centered spindle but generated different-sized daughters, the smaller (anterior) of which underwent apoptosis. During this division, more myosin II accumulated anteriorly, suggesting that asymmetric contractile forces might produce different-sized daughters. Indeed, partial inactivation of anterior myosin by chromophore-assisted laser inactivation created a more symmetric division and allowed the survival and differentiation of the anterior daughter. Thus, the balance of myosin activity on the two sides of a dividing cell can govern the size and fate of the daughters. 相似文献
6.
Matsuo T Yamaguchi S Mitsui S Emi A Shimoda F Okamura H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,302(5643):255-259
Cell division in many mammalian tissues is associated with specific times of day, but just how the circadian clock controls this timing has not been clear. Here, we show in the regenerating liver (of mice) that the circadian clock controls the expression of cell cycle-related genes that in turn modulate the expression of active Cyclin B1-Cdc2 kinase, a key regulator of mitosis. Among these genes, expression of wee1 was directly regulated by the molecular components of the circadian clockwork. In contrast, the circadian clockwork oscillated independently of the cell cycle in single cells. Thus, the intracellular circadian clockwork can control the cell-division cycle directly and unidirectionally in proliferating cells. 相似文献
7.
Mailand N Falck J Lukas C Syljuâsen RG Welcker M Bartek J Lukas J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5470):1425-1429
To protect genome integrity and ensure survival, eukaryotic cells exposed to genotoxic stress cease proliferating to provide time for DNA repair. Human cells responded to ultraviolet light or ionizing radiation by rapid, ubiquitin- and proteasome-dependent protein degradation of Cdc25A, a phosphatase that is required for progression from G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. This response involved activated Chk1 protein kinase but not the p53 pathway, and the persisting inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdk2 blocked entry into S phase and DNA replication. Overexpression of Cdc25A bypassed this mechanism, leading to enhanced DNA damage and decreased cell survival. These results identify specific degradation of Cdc25A as part of the DNA damage checkpoint mechanism and suggest how Cdc25A overexpression in human cancers might contribute to tumorigenesis. 相似文献
8.
Zhang Z Schuler T Zupancic M Wietgrefe S Staskus KA Reimann KA Reinhart TA Rogan M Cavert W Miller CJ Veazey RS Notermans D Little S Danner SA Richman DD Havlir D Wong J Jordan HL Schacker TW Racz P Tenner-Racz K Letvin NL Wolinsky S Haase AT 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5443):1353-1357
In sexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus, and early and later stages of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, both viruses were found to replicate predominantly in CD4(+) T cells at the portal of entry and in lymphoid tissues. Infection was propagated not only in activated and proliferating T cells but also, surprisingly, in resting T cells. The infected proliferating cells correspond to the short-lived population that produces the bulk of HIV-1. Most of the HIV-1-infected resting T cells persisted after antiretroviral therapy. Latently and chronically infected cells that may be derived from this population pose challenges to eradicating infection and developing an effective vaccine. 相似文献
9.
Parasympathetic innervation maintains epithelial progenitor cells during salivary organogenesis 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Knox SM Lombaert IM Reed X Vitale-Cross L Gutkind JS Hoffman MP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,329(5999):1645-1647
The maintenance of a progenitor cell population as a reservoir of undifferentiated cells is required for organ development and regeneration. However, the mechanisms by which epithelial progenitor cells are maintained during organogenesis are poorly understood. We report that removal of the parasympathetic ganglion in mouse explant organ culture decreased the number and morphogenesis of keratin 5-positive epithelial progenitor cells. These effects were rescued with an acetylcholine analog. We demonstrate that acetylcholine signaling, via the muscarinic M1 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor, increased epithelial morphogenesis and proliferation of the keratin 5-positive progenitor cells. Parasympathetic innervation maintained the epithelial progenitor cell population in an undifferentiated state, which was required for organogenesis. This mechanism for epithelial progenitor cell maintenance may be targeted for organ repair or regeneration. 相似文献
10.
DNA synthesis in differentiating skeletal muscle cells: initiation by ultraviolet light 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
F E Stockdale 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1971,171(976):1145-1147
As skeletal muscle cells differentiate, they fail to initiate DNA synthesis. This rigid regulation, which persists even after cells are fully developed, does not extend to "repair" DNA synthesis, in that ultraviolet light initiates DNA synthesis in 99 percent of the muscle nuclei exposed. The rate of "repair" DNA synthesis in these nuclei, however, drops over 50 percent at the time of cell differentiation. 相似文献
11.
《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1980,209(4454):340
In the report "Alteration in connections between muscle and anterior horn motoneurons after peripheral nerve repair" by T. M. Brushart and M.-M. Mesulam (9 May, p. 603), the key to cell types in Fig. 1 was inadvertently omitted. The dashed lines refer to (A) right peroneal, (B to D) postoperative, and (E) peroneal cells. The solid lines refer to (A) left peroneal, (B to D) control, and (E) tibial cells. 相似文献
12.
Bendall SC Simonds EF Qiu P Amir el-AD Krutzik PO Finck R Bruggner RV Melamed R Trejo A Ornatsky OI Balderas RS Plevritis SK Sachs K Pe'er D Tanner SD Nolan GP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,332(6030):687-696
Flow cytometry is an essential tool for dissecting the functional complexity of hematopoiesis. We used single-cell "mass cytometry" to examine healthy human bone marrow, measuring 34 parameters simultaneously in single cells (binding of 31 antibodies, viability, DNA content, and relative cell size). The signaling behavior of cell subsets spanning a defined hematopoietic hierarchy was monitored with 18 simultaneous markers of functional signaling states perturbed by a set of ex vivo stimuli and inhibitors. The data set allowed for an algorithmically driven assembly of related cell types defined by surface antigen expression, providing a superimposable map of cell signaling responses in combination with drug inhibition. Visualized in this manner, the analysis revealed previously unappreciated instances of both precise signaling responses that were bounded within conventionally defined cell subsets and more continuous phosphorylation responses that crossed cell population boundaries in unexpected manners yet tracked closely with cellular phenotype. Collectively, such single-cell analyses provide system-wide views of immune signaling in healthy human hematopoiesis, against which drug action and disease can be compared for mechanistic studies and pharmacologic intervention. 相似文献
13.
14.
Ström L Karlsson C Lindroos HB Wedahl S Katou Y Shirahige K Sjögren C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5835):242-245
Sister-chromatid cohesion, established during replication by the protein complex cohesin, is essential for both chromosome segregation and double-strand break (DSB) repair. Normally, cohesion formation is strictly limited to the S phase of the cell cycle, but DSBs can trigger cohesion also after DNA replication has been completed. The function of this damage-induced cohesion remains unknown. In this investigation, we show that damage-induced cohesion is essential for repair in postreplicative cells in yeast. Furthermore, it is established genome-wide after induction of a single DSB, and it is controlled by the DNA damage response and cohesin-regulating factors. We thus define a cohesion establishment pathway that is independent of DNA duplication and acts together with cohesion formed during replication in sister chromatid-based DSB repair. 相似文献
15.
16.
Human leukemic cells: in vitro growth of colonies containing the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Human leukemic cells with a marker (Philadelphia; Ph(1)) chromosome gave rise to granulocytic and mononuclear cell colonies when grown in vitro. All metaphases from a single colony were either Ph(1) positive or Ph(1) negative. No colonies contained a mixed cell population. This suggests that leukemic and normal cells exist simultaneously and that in vitro colonies are clonal in origin. 相似文献
17.
Retroviral DNA integration is catalyzed by the viral protein integrase. Here, it is shown that DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a host cell protein, also participates in the reaction. DNA-PK-deficient murine scid cells infected with three different retroviruses showed a substantial reduction in retroviral DNA integration and died by apoptosis. Scid cell killing was not observed after infection with an integrase-defective virus, suggesting that abortive integration is the trigger for death in these DNA repair-deficient cells. These results suggest that the initial events in retroviral integration are detected as DNA damage by the host cell and that completion of the integration process requires the DNA-PK-mediated repair pathway. 相似文献
18.
WANG Yue-guang DENG Qi-yun LIANG Feng-shan XING Quan-hua LI Ji-ming XONG Yue-dong SUN Shi-mong GUO Bao-Tai YUAN Long-ping WANG Bin 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2004,3(2)
Two yield-enhancing genes (yldl.1 and yld2.1) are located on chromosomes 1 and 2 respectively in a weedy relative of cultivated rice, Oryza rufipogon. SSR markers RM9 and RM166 are closely linked with the two loci respectively. Minghui63 (MH63) has been a widely used restoration line in hybrid rice production in China during the past two decades. The F1 of cross "MH63 × O.rufipogon" was backcrossed with MH63 generation by generation. RM9 and RM166 were used to select the plants from the progeny of the backcross populations. The results were as follows: (1) In BC2F1 population, the percentage of the individuals which have RM9 and RM166 amplified bands simultaneously was 12.2%, while in the BC3F1 population, that was 16.3%. (2) Among 400individuals of BC3F1, four yield-promising plants were obtained, with yield being 30% more than that of MH63. (3) The products amplified by primer RM166 in O. rufipogon and MH63 were sequenced. It was found that the DNA fragment sequence amplified by RM166 from MH63 was 101 bp shorter than that from O. rufipogon. The 101 bp sequence is a part of an intron of the PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) gene. 相似文献
19.
以具有西南土石山区典型特点的重庆市璧山县为例,通过野外全面调查、样方调查和室内测试分析,结合遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)、专家系统(ES)等现代科学技术,对重庆市璧山小流域进行了生态修复监测研究。经过3年不同生态修复措施的研究,结果显示,小流域内植被覆盖度提高、植物种类增多,数量增加,泥沙量和径流量减少、水土流失减轻,修复效果明显。同时,通过对影响生态修复成效的主要因子生态修复措施、修复年限、人口环境容量的研究,得出结论:在璧山小流域最适合的生态修复措施是近自然式生态修复,修复年限越长、人口环境容量越小,修复成效越明显。 相似文献
20.
During Drosophila metamorphosis, most larval cells die. Pupal and adult tissues form from imaginal cells, tissue-specific progenitors allocated in embryogenesis that remain quiescent during embryonic and larval life. Clonal analysis and fate mapping of single, identified cells show that tracheal system remodeling at metamorphosis involves a classical imaginal cell population and a population of differentiated, functional larval tracheal cells that reenter the cell cycle and regain developmental potency. In late larvae, both populations are activated and proliferate, spread over and replace old branches, and diversify into various stalk and coiled tracheolar cells under control of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Thus, Drosophila pupal/adult tissue progenitors can arise both by early allocation of multipotent cells and late return of differentiated cells to a multipotent state, even within a single tissue. 相似文献