共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
柑桔抗病分子育种研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文综述了柑桔抗病分子育种近年来的研究动态和所取得的研究成果。柑桔分子育种始于上世纪90年代,以期克服常规育种面临的多方面严重阻碍,如杂种不育、杂交不亲和、较长的童期和大的树体积,以及随之而来的用地和巨大的人力、物力、成本等;其相对较小的基因组已使其成为果树分子育种研究领域的模式植物之一。首先在利用富有目标抗病基因的柑桔近缘属枳(Poncirustrifoliate)作亲本,培育杂种群体,开发分子标记与连锁遗传作图等方面取得突破,同时在基因组BAC文库与物理图谱的构建、抗病基因的克隆、遗传转化体系的建立、外源抗病基因及候选抗病基因的转化等诸多方面也已取得长足进展,并已摸索出适合柑桔基因工程操作的一整套方法。此外,本文对柑桔基因组的候选抗病基因转化及抗病基因工程研究中存在的问题也进行了讨论与分析。 相似文献
2.
Jiffinvir S. Khosa John McCallum Ajmer S. Dhatt Richard C. Macknight 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(1):9-20
Bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) is an ancient crop that is thought to have originated in Central Asia and has been cultivated for over 5000 years. Classical genetic and plant breeding approaches have been used to improve onion yield, quality, and resistance against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, its biennial life cycle, cross‐pollinated nature and high inbreeding depression have proved challenging for the characterization and breeding of improved traits. New technologies, notably next‐generation sequencing, are providing researchers with the genomic resources and approaches to overcome these challenges. Using these genomic technologies, molecular markers are being rapidly developed and utilized for germplasm analysis and mapping in onion. These new tools and knowledge are allowing the integration of molecular and conventional breeding to speed up onion improvement programmes. In this review, we outline recent progress in onion genomics and molecular genetics and prospects for enhancing onion yield and quality in the future. 相似文献
3.
H.D. Coletta Filho M.A. Machado M.L.P.N. Targon M.C.P.Q.D.G. Moreira J. Pompeu Jr. 《Euphytica》1998,102(1):133-139
RAPD markers were used to evaluate genetic similarity among 35 mandarin accessions, including 10 species and 7 hybrids. One
octamer and twenty-two decamer primers produced 109 RAPDs, 45 of which were polymorphic. Jaccard coefficient was used to calculate
genetic similarity, and UPGMA to generate the phenogram. The RAPDs obtained were sufficient to generate some accession-specific
markers, and to separate these accessions by clustering them into several groups, many of them according to Tanaka's or Webber's
systematic units. The genetic similarity within the mandarin group is high (GJ = 0.77), and suggests that cultivated mandarins have a narrow genetic base. The genetic similarity of mandarins to other
true citrus species (Citron [C. medica L.] and Pummelo [C. grandis Osbeck]) was much lower (minimum GJ = 0.27). We propose that the mandarin group is a single species, C. reticulata Blanco, composed of several genetically different
individuals and a great number of hybrids, rather than a large number of species as proposed by some taxonomic studies.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Intergeneric sexual hybridizations were conducted between two genera of Rutaceae, with Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) and Red tangerine (C. reticulata Blanco) as maternal parents, and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf as the paternal parent, in an effort to generate hybrid populations for both molecular mapping and rootstock breeding.
Embryo rescue is important for citrus sexual breeding because polyembryony can interfere with hybrid embryo recovery. Immature
embryos of 80, 85, 90 days after pollination (DAP) from the Satsuma mandarin (S) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, 80 and 85
DAP from the Red tangerine (R) × trifoliate orange (P) cross, were cultured on MG1.0 medium consisting of MT basal medium
supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 and 4% sucrose. The results showed that 80 DAP was the optimal time for embryo rescue of the tested crosses, as evidenced
by embryos at this stage exhibiting high germination rates, 37.3% for S × P and 51.3% for R × P. Among the eight tested media,
MT medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l−1 GA3 was the best one for Satsuma mandarin, and MT plus 1.0 mg l−1 GA3 for Red tangerine. A total of 85 plants were obtained from S × P, and 340 from R × P. Out of them, 44 progenies from S × P
and 111 from R × P were sufficiently confirmed to be hybrids by morphological characterization and SSR analysis. In addition,
two hybrid callus lines were obtained from S × P and R × P respectively. 相似文献
5.
Tatsushi Ogata Shinsuke Yamanaka Moriyuki Shoda Naoya Urasaki Toshiya Yamamoto 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):69-81
Tropical fruit crops are predominantly produced in tropical and subtropical developing countries, but some are now grown in southern Japan. Pineapple (Ananas comosus), mango (Mangifera indica) and papaya (Carica papaya) are major tropical fruits cultivated in Japan. Modern, well-organized breeding systems have not yet been developed for most tropical fruit species. Most parts of Japan are in the temperate climate zone, but some southern areas such as the Ryukyu Islands, which stretch from Kyushu to Taiwan, are at the northern limits for tropical fruit production without artificial heating. In this review, we describe the current status of tropical fruit breeding, genetics, genomics, and biotechnology of three main tropical fruits (pineapple, mango, and papaya) that are cultivated and consumed in Japan. More than ten new elite cultivars of pineapple have been released with improved fruit quality and suitability for consumption as fresh fruit. New challenges and perspectives for obtaining high fruit quality are discussed in the context of breeding programs for pineapple. 相似文献
6.
Coffee is globally one of the most important export crops and is a prominent part of the economy in more than 50 countries in Latin America, Africa and Asia. In Colombia, it has been the leading export commodity for more than a century. However, genetic research on coffee has been rather sparse and mainly focused on the two major cultivated species, Coffea arabica L. and C. canephora P., leaving unexplored the genetic potential in other species. In this study, an interspecific mapping population consisting of 101 F1 hybrid plants from a cross between the diploid species C. liberica and C. eugenioides was evaluated for genetic segregation at 618 molecular marker loci. Of these, 168 SSRs and two ESTs exhibited polymorphic patterns that allowed segregation analysis and genetic linkage estimations. A genetic map consisting of 146 co-dominant loci and 11 predicted linkage groups was constructed using the mapping software JoinMap 3.0. The conjoined maternal/paternal map length is 798.68 cM, has an average saturation density of 6.01 cM/interval, and covers an estimated 66–86 % of the diploid coffee genome. Approximately 24 % of loci had null alleles, and 23.5 % exhibited segregation distortion. Knowledge derived from this study has important applications for quantitative trait locus analysis and marker-assisted selection in Colombian coffee breeding programs. 相似文献
7.
Hironori Katayama Hitomi Amo Tana Wuyun Chiyomi Uematsu Hiroyuki Iketani 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):90-99
The Ussurian pear is the most important cultivated pear in the northern part of China. Cultivated Ussurian pears are considered to have derived from Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. which is native to the northeast of China. In Japan, two varieties of P. ussuriensis, P. ussuriensis var. aromatica and var. hondoensis are native to the northern area and the central area of the main island respectively. In order to reveal the origin of Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica distributed in the northern area of main island of Japan, more than 40 explorations have been performed in Japan and in China, and more than 30 natural habitats were recognized. These natural habitats are at risk of extinction because of human development and forest degradation caused by climate change. Population structure and genetic diversity of P. ussuriensis in China and P. ussuriensis var. aromatica in Japan have been investigated using both morphological and molecular markers in order to define appropriate conservation units, and to provide a good focus for conservation management. Distant evolutionary relationships between P. ussuriensis Maxim. in China and P. ussuriensis var. aromatica in Japan inferred from population genetic structure and phylogenetic analysis are also discussed. 相似文献
8.
甜瓜是重要的葫芦科蔬菜作物之一,其遗传育种学广受研究者的关注。高密度分子遗传图谱有助于提高甜瓜的育种水平,加快育种进程。自1996年第一张甜瓜分子遗传图谱报道后,AFLP等分子标记逐步被应用于甜瓜分子遗传图谱的构建及基因定位。近年来,基因组测序技术发展迅速,全基因组重测序、简化基因组测序、转录组测序等技术逐渐被应用于构建覆盖全基因组的、更加饱和的甜瓜遗传连锁图谱。本研究着重对甜瓜分子遗传图谱、重要农艺性状基因定位研究进展进行了综述,以期为甜瓜生物学研究及分子改良提供理论参考。 相似文献
9.
In Brassicaceae crop breeding programs, wild relatives have been evaluated as genetic resources to develop new cultivars with biotic and abiotic stress resistance. This has become necessary because of the diversification of ecotypes of diseases and pests, changing food preferences, advances in production technology, the use of new approaches such as in vitro breeding programs, and the need for economical production of F1 seed. To produce potential new cultivars, interspecific and intergeneric hybridizations have been performed between cultivated species and between cultivated species and their wild relatives. Furthermore, interspecific and intergeneric hybrids have been successfully produced using embryo rescue techniques. In this paper, we review the interspecific and intergeneric incompatibilities between Brassicaceae crops and their wild relatives, and the production, characterization, and improvement of synthetic amphidiploid lines, alien gene introgression lines, alloplasmic lines, monosomic alien chromosome addition lines, and monosomic alien chromosome substitution lines. The goal is to provide useful materials to support practical breeding strategies and to study the genetic effects of individual chromosomes on plant traits, the number of genes that control a trait, their linkage relationships, and genetic improvement in Brassicaceae crops. 相似文献
10.
Identification of citrus hybrids through the combination of leaf apex morphology and SSR markers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Aristides Novac Garcia Mariângela Cristofani Marcos Antônio Machado 《Euphytica》2002,128(3):397-403
Citrus breeding programs normally face several biological obstacles such as apomixis and polyembryony that result in a cumbersome
identification of hybrid seedlings. The main purpose of this work is to describe the combined use of visual selection based
on the leaf apex morphology and SSR analysis to differentiate hybrid from nucellar seedlings derived from the cross between
the ‘Murcott’ tangor [Citrus reticulata Blanco × Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb.] and ‘Pêra’ sweet orange [Citrus sinensis(L.) Osb.]. A new morphological variable named leaf apex morphometric index is also described as the quantitative basis of
the visual selection. The efficiency of visual selection of hybrids was tested under two growth conditions, seedlings germinated
in seedbeds and in plastic tubes. Putative hybrid seedlings were also confirmed through the analysis of simple sequence repeats
(SSR). The visual selection of hybrid seedlings resulted in an increase of 87.2% (p < 0.01) and 202.2% (p <0.001) in the number of correctly identified hybrids when compared to the method of random picking of seedlings in seedbeds
and plastic tubes,respectively. The results indicate that the combination of visual selection and SSR analysis for the identification
of hybrids derived from the cross of polyembryonic citrus cultivars will improve the accuracy of the selection,save time,
and reduce the costs involved in the use of molecular markers alone in citrus breeding programs.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
12.
Xuekun Zhang Guangyuan Lu Weihua Long Xiling Zou Feng Li Takeshi Nishio 《Breeding Science》2014,64(1):60-73
Water deficit imposed by either drought or salinity brings about severe growth retardation and yield loss of crops. Since Brassica crops are important contributors to total oilseed production, it is urgently needed to develop tolerant cultivars to ensure yields under such adverse conditions. There are various physiochemical mechanisms for dealing with drought and salinity in plants at different developmental stages. Accordingly, different indicators of tolerance to drought or salinity at the germination, seedling, flowering and mature stages have been developed and used for germplasm screening and selection in breeding practices. Classical genetic and modern genomic approaches coupled with precise phenotyping have boosted the unravelling of genes and metabolic pathways conferring drought or salt tolerance in crops. QTL mapping of drought and salt tolerance has provided several dozen target QTLs in Brassica and the closely related Arabidopsis. Many drought- or salt-tolerant genes have also been isolated, some of which have been confirmed to have great potential for genetic improvement of plant tolerance. It has been suggested that molecular breeding approaches, such as marker-assisted selection and gene transformation, that will enhance oil product security under a changing climate be integrated in the development of drought- and salt-tolerant Brassica crops. 相似文献
13.
Valdenice Moreira Novelli Marco Aurélio Takita Marcos Antonio Machado 《Euphytica》2004,138(3):227-237
Most of the cultivated species of citrus have narrow genetic basis. Relationships among species and cultivars are obscured by sexual compatibility, polyembryony, apomixis and a high incidence of somatic mutations. DNA analysis is crucial in genetic studies not only for citrus breeding programs but also for characterization of hybrids and species. In this paper, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were investigated in 58 accessions of Citrus, hybrids and related genera. Genomic sequences of Pêra IAC sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) were used for primer design and selection of sequence tagged sites (STSs) for identification of SNPs. Analysis of 36 STSs showed identical sequences among 40 of the 41 sweet orange accessions studied. However, these accessions were heterozygous for many SNPs. Ten selected STSs were analyzed in 17 additional accessions from 13 species and hybrids. Comparing to the Pêra IAC sweet orange accession, a total of 150 polymorphic nucleotides were identified and most of the alterations were transitions (52.7%). The greatest number of SNPs was observed in Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. and the smallest in Ponkan mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). At the intra-specific level, Baía Gigante (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) was the only sweet orange accession with a divergent SNPs genotype, which corroborates the hypothesis of a hybrid origin for this accession. Although the STSs analyzed represent randomly sampled genomic sequences, they provided consistent information about the level of polymorphism and showed the potential of SNPs markers for characterization and phylogenetic studies. 相似文献
14.
基于国家自然科学基金资助项目分析中国柑橘研究现状 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
柑橘是中国最重要的果树之一。国家自然科学基金资助项目反映了某一学科基础研究的现状。笔者利用ISIS对1997—2013年获得国家自然科学基金资助的柑橘项目进行检索,并从资助项目数、依托单位、申请代码以及项目负责人等方面进行统计分析。结果表明柑橘基金项目数快速增加;项目类型以面上项目为主,青年基金和地区基金项目数增加明显;项目以生命科学部为主,尤以果树分子生物学为主要领域;项目依托单位涉及所有柑橘主产省份,其中华中农业大学获得项目数最多;所有项目负责人中,青年学者占了一半,有近1/3的负责人获得了2次及2次以上项目资助。研究结果对分析国内柑橘的基础研究水平及研究趋势具有重要意义,对以后的项目申报也有一定的借鉴价值。 相似文献
15.
摘要∶南丰蜜橘是原产于中国的古老柑橘品种,其果实皮薄而肉甜,深受消费者喜爱,当前南丰蜜橘的品质发生劣变,影响了其商品价值。为采用基因工程育种以改善南丰蜜橘品质,通过诱导其愈伤组织并以其为试材进行了转基因研究。南丰蜜橘自种子实生苗下胚轴处长产生出愈伤组织,挑选胚性愈伤组织进行增殖后,采用根癌农杆菌介导法进行开花相关基因AP1的转化。结果获得22团抗性愈伤组织,平均产出率为7.3团/皿,表明该品种有较高的转化率。抗性愈伤组织经PCR分析、Southern blot检测证实为转化子。本研究结果表明南丰蜜橘胚性愈伤组织是基因工程改良的良好受体,可用于其它基因的转化研究。 相似文献
16.
17.
The demands for increasing global crop production have prompted the development of new approaches relying on molecular marker
technologies to investigate and improve the plant genome. The merits of molecular markers make them valuable tools in a range
of research areas. This review describes novel approaches based on modern molecular marker technologies for characterization
and utilization of genetic variation for wheat improvement. Large-scale genome characterization by DNA-fingerprinting has
revealed no declining trends in the molecular genetic diversity in wheat as a consequence of modern intensive breeding thus
opposing the genetic ‘erosion’ hypothesis. A great number of important major genes and quantitative trait loci have been mapped
with molecular markers. Marker-assisted selection based on a tight linkage between a marker allele and a gene(s) governing
a qualitative or quantitative trait is gaining considerable importance as it facilitates and accelerates cultivar improvement
through precise transfer of chromosome regions carrying the gene of interest. The implementations of molecular markers in
wheat genotyping, mapping and breeding complemented by specific approaches associated with the complex polyploid nature of
common wheat are analyzed and presented. 相似文献
18.
Development of molecular markers for different economically important traits in cultivated groundnut has progressed at slow pace. Although many genomic SSR markers were developed in both the wild and cultivated groundnut, the genetic linkage map in the species is still not saturated. Availability of a large number of ESTs in GenBank opened up the possibility of integrating new markers and to identify markers closely linked to agronomic traits. EST-SSR markers are also considered as genic molecular markers. In this study, 259 EST-SSR markers were developed by mining 5,184 Arachis hypogaea ESTs from NCBI database. These EST-SSRs and 34 resistance gene candidate markers were used for association and genetic mapping of rust resistance in cultivated groundnut. From these, Cer2, SSR_GO340445, SSR_HO115759, SSR_GO341324 and RGC 2 had a significant association with rust resistance based on locus-by-locus AMOVA and/or Kruskal?CWallis ANOVA. Some of these associated markers also had protein activity related to biotic stress responses. Through genetic mapping, EST-SSR markers SSR_GO340445 and SSR_HO115759 were found closely linked to a rust resistance gene at 1.9 and 3.8?cM distances, respectively. These markers are thus suitable candidates for marker assisted selection in groundnut. The tight linkage of SSR_GO340445 would be helpful to screen BAC clones and to isolate rust resistance gene in groundnut. 相似文献
19.
分子标记技术在甜菜育种中的应用 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
分子标记技术与常规育种技术相互紧密结合能显著提高育种效率。为了更好地阐明分子标记在甜菜育种中的作用,总结了国内外分子标记在甜菜亲缘关系及遗传多样性研究、遗传连锁图谱构建、数量性状基因定位（QTL）、分子标记辅助选择育种、杂种优势及种质鉴定中的研究现状和存在的问题。指出建立相应的高效分子标记辅助选育体系,创造出高产、优质、多抗或具广谱抗性的甜菜种质或品种是甜菜分子育种的研究方向。当前甜菜种质资源鉴定的关键任务是大力开发新型的分子标记进行甜菜种质资源遗传分析,绘制指纹图谱、进一步构建甜菜种质分子身份证。今后应加强对甜菜重要农艺性状基因进行精细定位,充分发掘QTL的信息,构建更为饱和的分子标记连锁图谱。 相似文献
20.
湖南岳阳地区柑橘黄龙病PCR检测 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为确诊近年在湖南岳阳部分柑橘产区发生的一种使柑橘叶片斑驳、果实变小及全株矮化,甚至枯死的传染性病害,摸清病源来源,采用多聚酶链式反应(PCR)技术对该地区出现的柑橘黄龙病疑似症状植株进行了检测。结果表明,岳阳华容县南山乡、华容胜峰乡、华容西湖乡从福建黄龙病疫区引进的琯溪蜜柚,PCR扩增带谱为563 bp,与阳性对照一致,存在柑橘黄龙病病菌;在岳阳麻糖春风同一果园中以宫本为基砧高接了琯溪蜜柚（福建引进）的植株,PCR扩增带谱为563 bp,与阳性对照一致。未高接换种宫本无扩增带谱,与阴性对照一致,无柑橘黄龙病病菌;由岳阳本地繁殖的苗木椪柑、脐橙、未高接宫本无扩增带谱,与阴性对照一致,无黄龙病危害。通过本研究可知,湖南岳阳地区存在柑橘黄龙病危害,并为首次发现,但病源主要来源福建黄龙病疫区调进的未脱毒琯溪蜜柚植株,目前传播方式主要是高接放种。 相似文献