共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
两型豆为豆科野生物种,对大豆育种和植物发育生物学研究具有重要价值.试验采用石蜡切片法进行了两型豆种子发育的解剖学研究,结果表明:(1)胚珠在花后12 h完成受精;(2)花后2 d合子进行第1次分裂,第1次分裂为横分裂,花后4 d形成原胚;(3)花后24 d,原胚经过球形胚期、心形胚期、鱼雷胚期,发育为成熟胚;(4)胚乳发育为核型,成熟种子为无胚乳种子;(5)外珠被发育为种皮,种皮细胞呈栅栏状且外被角质层,是造成三籽两型豆地上种子硬实的重要原因之一. 相似文献
2.
3.
远缘杂交目前仍是将中国蔷薇资源的优良基因引入现代月季的最有效手段,而胚败育是得到远缘杂交后代的瓶颈问题。为此,本试验中采取幼果期、青果期、成熟期的果实分别进行不同预处理及解剖观察,探索月季胚珠发育的特点,为胚挽救的实施提供理论依据。在研究过程中发现了月季单心皮中存在2个胚珠的现象。此现象在多个月季品种花后15天内的幼果中普遍存在,此阶段的2个胚珠发育情况相同;花后30～60天的青果中,也观察到了双胚珠现象的存在,但比率明显降低,而且其中只有一个胚珠正常发育,另一个处于败育状态。同时还发现,经过低温沙藏的有的成熟瘦果中2粒种子同时萌发,说明同一个子房中的2个胚珠在适宜条件下可能同时发育并正常萌发。 相似文献
4.
特晚熟红桔JZT(P)-1胚珠败育的胚胎学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为进一步探明晚熟无核红桔的无核机理,为晚熟柑橘种质资源的开发利用提供可靠的科学依据,以特晚熟无核红桔JZT(P)-1为实验材料,采用直接解剖、连续石蜡切片、显微技术等方法重点对其胚珠败育过程进行系统的观察研究。结果表明,JZT(P)-1胚珠中的孢原细胞、胚囊原始细胞以及不同发育程度的胚囊基本上都败育,极少数胚珠发育成为健康的种子。在幼果前50天的发育中,胚囊原始细胞多起源发育,发生时间紊乱,使得珠心中早期孢原细胞及不同发育期胚囊的正常发育受到干扰,促使胚珠中各雌性结构的败育。幼果中雌性败育率极高,通过石蜡切片观察到正常胚的发育十分困难。基本成熟的果中,种子数0~4粒,平均种子数(1.3±0.42)粒,经济无核率高达100%。正常种子多胚。研究结果为探明特晚熟红桔新种质JZT(P)-1的无核机理提供了胚胎学证据。 相似文献
5.
为获得三倍体葡萄新种质,以葡萄四倍体‘醉金香’×二倍体‘秋黑’杂交所得幼果为试材,研究了幼果低温处理天数、培养基IAA浓度、胚珠处理方式以及不同光质等因素对胚发育及胚萌发的影响。结果表明,采集授粉后35 d的杂交幼果,先进行4℃低温处理,再取出胚珠接种,有利于胚发育和萌发,以低温40 d和30 d处理的胚发育率和萌发率最高,分别为91.8%和24.4%;培养基IAA浓度为0.2 mg/L时可显著提高胚萌发率;进行切喙处理的胚珠胚萌发率显著高于完整胚珠接种;发光二极管LED复合光(红∶蓝∶白=3∶1∶1)比日光色荧光灯(日光灯)更适合杂种胚萌发;用流式细胞仪检测了20个杂种后代株系,其中三倍体株系19个,后代三倍体株率为95.0%。 相似文献
6.
测定华北驼绒藜不同发育程度种子含水量、千粒重、萌发特性,观测种子发育过程中形态特征,以了解华北驼绒藜种子成熟度、形态特征和种子活力的关系,为生产中确定适宜收获时期提供依据.结果表明:花后40 d时种子含水量为39.89％,趋于稳定;干物质积累在花后36 d增长趋于平稳,40 d积累停止,此时种子千粒重为1.69g,发芽率达到峰值,为98.7％.在授粉后10～12 d发育成16细胞原胚,14 d发育成球形原胚,15～17 d发育成心形胚,授粉后25 d胚体发育为成熟胚.以上试验结果表明,华北驼绒藜种子适宜的收获时间为花后36 d. 相似文献
7.
海甘蓝与芸薹属属间杂交的受精和胚胎发育 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文首先对海甘蓝和芸薹属属间杂交的花粉粒萌发、花粉管生长以及珠孔受精情况进行了观察,结果表明,甘蓝型油菜和白菜型油菜与海甘蓝杂交存在受精前不亲和,而芥菜型油菜与海甘蓝属间杂交时,花粉管生长正常,授粉后3～4天可通过珠孔受精。通过对芥菜型油菜×海甘蓝属间杂种胚与芥菜型油菜自交胚的发育过程的比较研究,发现杂种胚败育的原因是:①对于较早败育的胚囊,胚在2细胞原胚时,珠心组织开始解体,珠被绒毡层开始退化,胚在发育过程中呈饥饿状态。②对于较晚败育的胚囊,杂种后代的胚要比自交胚发育延迟,在32～64细胞原胚或多细胞球形胚阶段,胚体停止发育,胚乳细胞开始形成,要比自交提前4天形成胚乳细胞;到授粉25天后,球形胚体开始解体,胚乳细胞开始退化。这和前人观察到的杂种胚的败育的结论有所不同。 相似文献
8.
9.
贮藏山楂果胶酶活性及果胶含量的变化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对贮藏在冷库简易气调、适温冷藏、室温气调、室温存放的山楂果胶含量及相关果胶酶(包括多聚半乳糖醛酸酶PG和果胶甲酯酶PE)活性变化规律进行了探讨。结果发现,在贮藏过程中,山楂PG酶活性有一个峰值较低的跃变过程,随着跃变的出现,果实硬度明显下降;适温冷藏和室温气调的山楂PG酶活性具有极其相近的变化规律。山楂PE酶活性没有跃变过程,总的趋势是呈现由高到低逐渐下降的变化规律;适温冷藏和室温气调的山楂PE酶活性也具有极其相近的变化规律。山楂果胶含量随贮藏时间的延长逐渐减少,不同贮藏条件下的山楂果胶含量减少的幅度各异。 相似文献
10.
以沈阳农业大学培育的“明旭”草莓品种为材料,采用常规石蜡切片法,结合整体透明与显微解剖技术,对草莓胚和胚乳的发育过程进行观察,其结果如下:草莓离生单雌蕊每个子房内具一枚横生胚珠,单珠被,厚珠心。成熟胚囊为蓼型。卵细胞较大,呈洋梨形。助细胞略小,核大质浓。极核有时融合成次生核。反足细胞不明显。胚囊窄而长。合点端有明显的承珠盘结构。个别胚珠中有双胚囊现象。胚的发育过程与大多数双子叶植物基本一致。从受精卵发育到二细胞原胚过程中,合子第一次分裂形成顶细胞和基细胞。继而顶细胞斜向纵裂,基细胞横裂。由基细胞分裂来的近合点端的一个细胞再发生纵裂,和从顶细胞分裂来的细胞共同参与胚体的形成,进而产生多细胞球形原胚,心形胚,鱼雷形胚,成熟胚。当成熟胚形成时,胚柄将逐渐消失。草莓胚发育属紫菀型,胚乳发育为核型。 相似文献
11.
The post-anthesis development of growing maize kernels is strongly affected by heat stress. The maize cultivar “Spezi” was
used to quantify this effect in kernels from 14 days after flowering until maturity. Day/night temperature of control plants
was 25/20°C. Stress of 40/25°C was given for seven days or continuously up to maturity. Kernels were analysed weekly for dry
matter and extractable DNA. In addition the ploidy levels and the DNA content in intact cell nuclei were determined by flow
cytometry. The dry matter reduction started immediately after heat treatment and reached, at maturity, 40% for temporary heat
stress and 60% for permanent heat stress. The reduction of extractable DNA started later and was not as extensive. Endopolyploidy
was found in all kernel tissues, namely embryo, endosperm and pericarp. In endosperm, 3C nuclei reached their maximum number
at approximately 14–17 days, and cells with higher ploidy levels between 21 and 26 days after flowering. Later on 6C nuclei
were dominant. The DNA content in intact cells of the endosperm reached a maximum 21 days after flowering. This maximum was
lower for heat stress variants and decreased more rapidly. Heat stress can vary from year to year under field conditions.
Since heat stress changes the ratio between embryo and endosperm DNA in the direction of a higher portion of embryo DNA at
maturity, this has an influence on the measured content of GM DNA from GM pollen transfer into conventional maize fields. 相似文献
12.
糜为禾本科黍族作物.子房内有1倒生胚珠,双珠被,厚珠心.胚囊类型为蓼型,8核7细胞胚囊.成熟胚囊受精前1助细胞已解体.反足细胞4～5个,极核未融合.双受精过程中,卵受精后有三核仁现象,二极核与精核先后受精后,胚乳核先于合子分裂,游离核阶段约1.5～4天、第5天开始积累淀粉.合子休眠约20小时,第1次分裂为横裂,约12天胚分化完成,约22～28天籽粒成熟.反足细胞于花后6天胚分化开始,胚乳淀粉大量积累时消失.籽粒发育过程中的落粒现象应深入探讨. 相似文献
13.
“上棉下渔”对沿黄盐碱地土壤的改良作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
“上棉下渔”、“上粮下渔”盐碱地开发模式始于20 年前。近几年来随着养虾效益的提高,在山东博兴地区发展较快。探讨“上棉下渔”模式对盐碱地的改良效果,可以为下一步大力推广该模式提供理论依据。在博兴县选择3 个取样点,分别为未经开发的盐碱土,通过“上棉下渔”模式改良2 年和20 年后的台田土。为减少取样点土质对检测结果的影响,选择的这3 个取样点都相距在10 km以内;每个取样点在5 个土层取样,分别为0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm土层。对3 个取样点不同土层的土壤总盐度、碱度、pH 值、有机质及可培养微生物的数量进行了研究。结果表明：开发2 年后,脱盐率达到59.7%,开发20 年之后,脱盐率达到90.3%;开发2 年后,土壤碱度变化不大,20 年后,土壤碱度由最初的2.004×10-3 mol/L 下降到0.6311×10-3 mol/L,说明土壤碱度改良难度较大;随着开发年数的增加,各土层pH值都较未开发时有所下降,逐渐接近中性;开发20 年后土壤有机质含量提高了15.58%;在0~20 cm土层,开发2 年之后的土壤可培养微生物的总量是未开发的12.73 倍。总体上来看,“上棉下渔”对沿黄盐碱地土壤有较好的改良作用,“上棉下渔”是一种非常值得推广的盐碱地改良措施。 相似文献
14.
花期弱光持续时间对玉米果穗发育及产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探明花期连阴雨造成的弱光胁迫持续时间对玉米产量的影响,以黄淮海平原主推夏玉米品种浚单29为材料,自抽雄期起设置弱光胁迫处理0 d(CK)、3 d(S3)、6 d(S6)、9 d(S9)、12 d(S12)、15 d(S15)6个处理,探讨了玉米花期弱光持续时间对玉米果穗发育及产量的影响。结果表明,自抽雄期起,随着弱光胁迫时间的延长,弱光处理3~15 d,吐丝期较CK推迟1~7 d,终散粉日较CK推迟1~2 d。在抽穗后第11天所有处理散粉全部结束。散粉100%结束日吐丝株率较CK减少3%~43%,各处理结束日果穗长度的增长速率和雌穗干质量增长速率分别较CK降低71%~79%和83%~100%,但对最终的苞叶长度无显著影响。弱光处理3~15 d,导致受精率和结实率较CK分别降低22~58,16~71个百分点(P0.05)。抽雄期起3~15 d的弱光胁迫显著降低了植株干物质积累速率,恢复自然光照后,干物质积累速率呈现恢复性增长,但仍低于CK。随着弱光胁迫持续时间的延长,成熟期果穗长度、结实长度显著降低,秃尖长度显著增加,穗粒数和籽粒产量显著降低(P0.05),百粒质量无显著变化。 相似文献
15.
Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lilium</Emphasis> during anthesis
Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisites for successful pollination and seed set in flowering plants. In this study, the pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities of nine Lilium genotypes (six cultivars and three species native to China) were assayed by in vitro pollen germination and the benzidine-H2O2 method, respectively. Embryo sac development during anthesis was observed to further ensure the timing of controlled pollination. In addition, the relationship between stigma secretion and stigma receptivity was studied to estimate the pollination time based on phenotype. Anthers cracked on the day of flowering in all genotypes, but pollen germination during anthesis was not observed in Asiatic hybrids excepted for ‘Tiny pudhye’, which exhibited low pollen viability for a short period of time (from 0 to 1 day after anthesis). In the other genotypes, pollen germination rates were highest on anthesis (five of seven genotypes), 0–1 day after anthesis (L. sulphureum), or 0–2 days after anthesis (one Longiflorum hybrid), and then gradually decreased with days after anthesis. While, stigma receptivity first increased and then decreased during anthesis. For most genotypes, stigmas began to be receptive 1 day after anthesis, and all genotypes exhibited stigma receptivity at 2 days after anthesis. The durations of stigma receptivity and strongest stigma receptivity, were genotype dependent, and were 5–8 days and 1–4 days, respectively. Moreover, on the first flowering day, 6 of 7 genotypes had mature embryo sacs, and at the time at which stigmas began to be receptive, all tested genotypes had mature embryo sacs. Some Lilium genotypes showed stigma secretion, which can be a sign of stigma receptivity. Stigmas became receptive and reached highest receptivity within 1 day of the first appearance of secretion on the surface of the stigma and at peaking, respectively. The results of this study are valuable for the implementation of successful Lilium breeding programs. 相似文献
16.
诱导胚囊染色体加倍是一种高效的杨树多倍体诱导途径,为确定河北杨胚囊染色体加倍的最佳处理时机,采用石蜡切片方法对河北杨(Populus hopeiensis)胚囊与合子发育进程进行观察。结果表明：河北杨胚囊发育属于典型的蓼型发育模式;其发育进程既表现出一定的时序相关性,又具有极强的不同步性;在河北杨胚囊发育后期及合子发育过程中出现大量异常现象,大部分成熟胚囊和未成熟胚囊退化,形成空胚囊或具有异常结构的胚囊,只有极少数成熟胚囊能完成双受精作用并形成合子,考虑到新疆杨花粉可在河北杨柱头上正常萌发,推测胚囊退化可能是引起河北杨胚胎败育的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖含量的积累规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解不同播期对大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖含量的影响及大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖含量的积累规律,以‘苏啤6号’和‘藏青25’为试验材料,在2年3个播期下,测定开花后多个时期大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖含量。结果表明,不同播期下,‘苏啤6号’籽粒β-葡聚糖含量无差异,‘藏青25’籽粒β-葡聚糖含量差异显著,播期为11月上旬时β-葡聚糖含量最高;在正常播期下（10月下旬）,大麦β-葡聚糖含量从开花到开花后30天间,呈逐渐增长的趋势,开花后30天以后趋于稳定;花后籽粒β-葡聚糖含量的积累速率在花后1~5天、20~25天积累速率呈现峰值。播期对不同大麦品种籽粒β-葡聚糖影响不同,花后1~5天、20~25天是大麦籽粒β-葡聚糖含量积累的关键期。 相似文献
18.
豌豆种子发育过程中贮藏蛋白质的合成 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
对豌豆种子发育过程中贮藏蛋白质的生物合成的研究结果表明:豌豆种子发育过程中,干物质累积量、单粒含氮量都随开花后日数增加而增加。其中开花第3天出现LMW蛋白质组分,第6天出现HMW蛋白质组分;第15天出现豌豆球蛋白、第18天出现豆球蛋白,第21天出现伴豌豆球蛋白,第27天各种蛋白质组分累积达最大值。其累积的顺序是:豌豆球蛋白——豆球蛋白—伴豌豆球蛋白。 相似文献
19.
20.
In seed crops of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L., yields are low and only 15 to 20% of the florets produce a harvestable seed. This study was conducted to determine if seed abortion was a major cause of low floret site utilization (FSU) and therefore of low seed yield in spaced plants. Spikes of four spaced-planted genotypes of perennial ryegrass were harvested and fixed at one-week intervals one to five weeks after the beginning of anthesis. Of a total of 74 spikes, over 13,000 florets were examined with a binocular microscope and 66 whole spikelets were microtome sectioned. The histology of the pro-embryo is presented in relation to the development of the endosperm. In one low yielding, two intermediate and one high yielding genotype, biological FSU was 8, 72, 73 and 63%, respectively. In all genotypes, 90% of the unproductive florets showed ovule degeneration within a few days after flowering. A few florets were sterile or contained a degenerated embryo sac already before flowering and about 5% of the unproductive florets showed seed abortion later than one week after flowering. Within a spikelet, successful fertilization did not decline from the basal to the distal floret. Although in later stages distal florets had slightly less seeds, unproductive florets were found at all floret positions. Biological FSU decreased mainly by ovule degeneration shortly after flowering. In spaced plants, seed abortion was not important to low seed yield. 相似文献