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饲料霉变及霉菌毒素污染严重影响着饲料工业和畜牧业生产，因此，国内外的饲料生产厂商和科研人员，十分重视防霉技术的研究和应用。近年来，采用的饲料防霉技术主要有以下几种：辐射灭菌；添加防霉剂；使用防霉包装袋；化学消毒和辐射结合防霉；控制真菌遗传密码。目前，主要在饲料中添加防霉剂，市场上防霉剂种类繁多，适用范围及防霉效果不尽相同，如使用不当还会引起中毒现象，如何选用合适的防霉剂是在实际生产中值得重视的问题。人们在使用防霉剂时往往注重防霉剂的价格，而忽视防霉剂防霉效果。为了解防霉剂防霉效果，更好地合理使用防霉剂。本文介绍影响防霉剂作用效果的因素和防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法，供同行参考。 相似文献
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降霉王防霉效果的试验海南省琼海饲料厂郭旭东随着饲料工业的发展，采用高效无毒的化学防霉剂解决饲料霉变问题，是当今饲料生产企业和防霉剂生产厂家共同关心的一个重要课题。我厂用降霉王对饲料产品进行了防霉效果的试验，取得了较好的防霉效果。一、材料１．防霉剂：降... 相似文献
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房兴堂 《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2006,(5):22-24
本文在分析饲料霉菌危害原因、现状和饲料防霉剂使用、饲料防霉技术基础上介绍杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度法、饲料强化防霉、平皿记数法等防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法和溶菌酶、鱼精蛋白、聚赖氨酸、纳他霉素、大蒜素、杜仲提取物等天然防霉剂开发应用情况。 相似文献
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饲料防霉剂及其应用效果的评价分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
饲料在保存过程中容易受到环境的影响而发生霉变,使其营养价值下降,动物采食霉变饲料会引起中毒症,甚至死亡,给畜禽带来很大的危害,而且霉菌污染还是造成饲料浪费的一个重要原因;因此,有必要使用饲料防霉剂预防饲料霉变。为了解防霉剂的防霉效果,更好地合理使用防霉剂,文章在总结目前市场饲料防霉剂种类、使用效果的基础上介绍了防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法,同时对影响饲料防霉剂使用效果的因素,以及我国饲料防霉剂的发展前景和趋势进行了论述,以期为防霉剂的生产、选用提供参考。 相似文献
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本研究比较分析了4种丙酸型防霉剂产品对饲料霉变的影响,主要分析了使用这4种丙酸型防霉剂的饲料样品的温度变化与水分情况,发现它们的防霉效果具有相似性和差异性,试验结果表明防霉剂防霉效果由好到差依次是防霉剂A、C、B和D,且不同的防霉剂产品可以不同程度地有效抑制微生物的生命活动,延长饲料产品的保质期。 相似文献
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饲料在保存过程中容易受到环境的影响而发生霉变,使其营养价值和适口性下降,霉变饲料会导致动物采食量下降,并引起一系列的中毒症及免疫抑制,甚至死亡,给畜禽带来很大的危害,而且霉菌污染还是造成饲料利用效率低的一个重要原因之一;因此,有必要使用饲料防霉剂预防饲料霉变。为了解防霉剂的防霉效果,更好地合理使用防霉剂,文章在总结饲料中常见病原性霉菌种类和毒素及其危害,目前市场饲料防霉剂种类、使用效果的基础上介绍了防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法,同时对影响饲料防霉剂使用效果的因素进行了论述。 相似文献
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几种中草药抗饲料霉变的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
我国南方地区高温高湿的地理环境极易引起配合饲料的霉变，在饲料中添加防霉剂是目前饲料防霉的常用措施。目前常用的饲料防霉剂多为化学合成的药物（如有机酸及酯类剂），其刺激性大，腐蚀性强，气味不良，且残留问题不易解决。当前，国内外都在开发天然饲料防霉剂，以望解决化学防霉剂的不足。以中草药为基础制备饲料防霉剂，不仅能达到良好的防霉效果，而且中草药多有清热解毒、促进免疫与生长及营养丰富的特点，在我国资源又很丰富，因而用于饲料防霉大有前途。为此，我们对几种中草药的抗霉菌活性及防霉效果作了较为系统的研究。１实验… 相似文献
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正我国是一个饲料生产消耗大国,然而在饲料的生产、加工、运输及贮存过程中,饲料霉变的现象屡见不鲜,霉菌毒素对饲料不同程度的污染,造成了巨大的经济损失,已成为饲料业和畜牧业生产中不可忽视的问题。随着饲料工业的快速发展,饲料防霉剂的应用日益广泛,对饲料行业的贡献越来越大,品种也日益增多,因此对饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检验成为关键。饲料防霉剂防霉效果的检测方法有杯碟法、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)法、饲料强化防霉(破坏性试验)、饲料常规试验、二氧化碳稀释法、温度测定法、平皿记数法等。本试验将某公司生产的防霉剂添加到饲料中使 相似文献
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<正> 任何一种饲料防霉剂的防霉效果,都会受到饲料加工和贮藏过程中一些理化因素的影响而波动。对于有机酸及其盐类防霉剂,有报道说,饲料含水率、料型和包装等因素能影响其防霉功效的发挥。丙酸钙是被广泛应用的一种饲料防霉剂,为了充分发挥其防霉效果而又尽可能降低成本,有必要系统地研究其有关影响因素,摸索在各种条件下的合适剂量,并预测其用于饲料时的贮藏安全期。 相似文献
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为研究饲用液体防霉剂对贮藏过程中狐饲料料温及霉变外观征状的影响,选择育成期狐饲料,设6个处理,对照组不添加任何防霉剂,试验组液体防霉剂(surface和水)添加比例分别为0.5%(A)、1.0%(B)、1.5%(C)、2.0%(D)、2.5%(E)。结果表明:虽然添加液体防霉剂提高了饲料的含水量,但防霉效果较好,且防霉效果随添加比例的增大而有增强的趋势。随着贮藏时间的增加其优势更加明显,添加2.0%、2.5%时饲料均能安全贮藏180 d。 相似文献
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研究的主要目的是评估并比较丙酸钙复合型和高效复合型防霉剂抑制黄曲霉菌及禾谷镰刀菌的生长和饲料防霉效果。研究采用体外抑菌(禾谷镰刀菌F.0705和黄曲霉菌)试验和饲料破坏性试验两种方法进行。结果表明:两种防霉剂对禾谷镰刀菌(F.0705)和黄曲霉菌均有抑制作用,而且,随着防霉剂浓度的增大,其抑菌效果增强;从饲料破坏性试验来看:在第9 d和13 d采样时,两种防霉剂处理过的饲料霉菌总数极显著低于空白对照组(P<0.01),而且添加的防霉剂浓度越大,饲料中霉菌总数越少。总体来看,高效复合型防霉剂的抑制效果优于丙酸钙复合型。 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - A 10-week study was conducted to assess the impact of mould infestation on nutrient stability of feed and the mitigating effect of supplemental tocopherol,... 相似文献
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为了探索苜蓿高水分草捆贮藏的最适方式，以草原2号苜蓿(Medicago varia cv. caoyuan No.2)为研究材料，并以陈皮、氧化钙（CaO）、沸石粉为原料配制了天然组合型防霉剂（NA），对天然组合型防霉剂在苜蓿干草贮藏期内防霉效果进行了研究。结果表明，使用天然组合型防霉剂对草捆进行防霉处理，各菌株数量均有所下降，特别对曲霉属抑制效果显著；贮藏10 d时，各菌属菌株数量最多，其中链格孢属为最主要优势菌属,其次是曲霉属、镰刀菌属、青霉属和木霉属。 相似文献
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The feed components and complete feed mixtures used in pig breeding and fattening in June 1978 were examined qualitatively by the silica-gel thin-layer chromatographic method, and quantitatively by the method after Velasco. The object of the examination was the occurrence of aflatoxins. On the whole, 104 feed samples were taken and subjected to the laboratory examination; this total number included 77 samples (74.0%) coming from 24 farms and 27 samples (26.0%) from eight feed plants in the South Moravian region. The presence of aflatoxins was detected in 14 samples of the examined feeds, i. e. 13.4%. The highest content -- 1920 micrograms kg-1 -- was found in groundnut from India. As to the complete feed mixtures, aflatoxin was found in mixtures for pig fattening (A1 and SOL), in mixtures for pregnant sows (KPB), for lactating sows (KPK), and in the complete feed mixtunts ranged between 50 and 350 micrograms kg-1 of feed. The organoleptically altered feed samples, taken from metallic containers standing in front of the stables on the farms, contained aflatoxin almost in all cases. It will be necessary, on the basis of these findings, to take preventive measures during the harvesting, post-harvest treatment, and storage of grain and feed components, in order to avert the multiplication of the mould and deterioration of the feeds. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(2):262-271
Three different inclusion levels of a moisture-mold inhibitor mixture (0, 1, and 2%) were added to corn- and soybean-based diets at the mixer as top-dressing additions, and diets were processed at a commercial and a pilot milling facility. Diets were then evaluated according to feed manufacturing variables, pellet quality, broiler performance, and TMEn. Moisture-mold inhibitor additions resulted in an increase in moisture percentages directly after manufacture. After a 2-d storage period, no differences in moisture percentage were detected in diets manufactured at the pilot mill; however, this was not true for diets manufactured commercially. Pellet durability was increased with moisture-mold inhibitor inclusion for the feed processed at the commercial mill, but not for the feed processed at the pilot mill. Relative electrical energy use decreased numerically with increasing levels of moisture-mold inhibitor added to feed processed at the pilot mill. The 1 and 2% diets manufactured commercially resulted in improvements in BW, live weight gain, and FCR, but not the diets manufactured at the pilot mill. There were no differences in TMEn values among treatments, regardless of the manufacturing location. These findings indicate that moisture-mold inhibitor addition has the potential to improve broiler performance and decrease production costs, but improvement depends on the milling technique. 相似文献
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Naicker D Marais GJ van den Berg H Masango MG 《Journal of the South African Veterinary Association》2007,78(2):69-74
Mycotoxins may be present in feeds without any visible signs of mould contamination. There is a need for rapid and accurate measurement of mycotoxins for purposes of continual monitoring and identification of high risk commodities. Samples from commercial chicken feed (maize kernels), cattle feed (lucerne, grass and hay) and milk were analysed for the presence of certain mycotoxins and cultured for fungi. Results of fungal profiles showed that most samples were contaminated by moulds belonging to the genera, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucor, Phoma and Rhizopus. All the chicken feed samples tested contained mycotoxins either below the recommended safe levels for poultry or below the detection limits of the ELISA tests. However, samples of grass contained levels of zearalenone greater than the allowable concentration for dairy and beef cattle (250 ppm), which may be linked to the presence of Fusarium scirpi identified in the fungal profiles. The levels of AFMI were below the detection limits of the ELISA tests, which may be attributed to the low levels of aflatoxins found in the feed (grass) samples. The presence of the fungus in samples analysed is not evidence for the presence of mycotoxins. 相似文献
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D Garaleviciene H Pettersson G Augonyte K Elwinger J E Lindberg 《Archives of Animal Nutrition》2001,55(1):25-42
Moulded and mycotoxin containing barley was incorporated into the diets for laying hens to study the effects on performance and health. Health indicators were different blood plasma parameters and liver vitamin A and E levels. A total of 30 hens were fed 3 diets, one supplemented with 30% of toxin-free and two with differently moulded barley from 1997 and 1998 for 7 weeks. The moulded diets contained low to moderate concentrations of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and nivalenol. Inclusion of mouldy barley in the diets had an adverse effect on feed intake, feed conversion, digestibility of nutrients, egg production and egg quality. Plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased and certain biochemical blood parameters (bilirubin, uric acid, chlorine, protein, albumin, vitamin A) were also higher or changed compared to control. The ochratoxin A contamination although relatively low could have contributed to some of these effects as well as reduced intake of feed. The higher mould contamination and an unidentified cell-toxic constituent in the diet containing barley from 1998 can probably also explain the more marked effects from this diet. 相似文献
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AIM: To identify fungi isolated from infections of the bovine mammary gland, and establish their possible sources. METHODS: From a herd of 420 cows, milk samples were collected from all quarters at calving and cultured to detect causative organisms. Quarters identified as infected with fungi were further sampled during early lactation. Samples from feedstuffs, the feed pad and ends of teats were also collected and analysed for the presence of fungi. RESULTS: Eleven of 420 cows were diagnosed with intramammary infections (IMI) caused by yeasts (nine cows, 10 quarters) and moulds (two cows, three quarters). Six of the yeast species had previously been reported as being responsible for mastitis. Elevated somatic cell counts (SCC) were observed in many quarters, but most infections were eliminated spontaneously. Two of the fungi isolated from milk samples were also isolated from feedstuffs and teat swabs, and seven other fungi isolated from milk samples were not isolated from feed, the feed pad or cows' teats. CONCLUSIONS: Isolation of fungi from the udder is rarely reported in dairy cows in New Zealand. In this herd, contamination of the end of the teat originating from feedstuffs and possibly exacerbated by the use of a feed pad may have led to the establishment of IMI caused by fungi. CLINICAL RELEVENCE: Fungi are infrequently if ever reported in mastitis trial data or surveys in New Zealand and are probably of little clinical significance. KEY WORDS: Fungi, yeast, mould, bovine, intramammary infection, somatic cell count, mastitis. 相似文献