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青贮甜高粱与青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛对比试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国牛业科学》2016,(3)
[目的]为了解青贮甜高粱的饲喂效果。[方法]本试验从产奶量和成本效益方面对青贮甜高粱饲草与青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛进行了对比试验分析,[结果]表明,青贮甜高粱饲草饲喂比青贮玉米秸秆饲喂成本略高,但其产奶量高于饲喂青贮玉米秸秆,其经济效益十分明显。[结论]在奶牛实际生产中,应大力推广青贮甜高粱饲草。 相似文献
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燕麦草青贮和全株玉米青贮对奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据胎次、产奶量、泌乳时间相近的原则选择泌乳奶牛32头,随机分为2组,每组16头,分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂全株玉米青贮和燕麦草青贮,探讨其对荷斯坦泌乳奶牛产奶量和乳成分的影响.结果显示:试验组奶牛产奶量比对照组提高了0.31 kg/d,但差异不显著(P＞0.05);试验组的乳脂率、乳糖率、非脂固形物及总固形物含量均较对照组有所提高,但无显著差异(P＞0.05).燕麦草青贮替代全株玉米青贮,每头奶牛每天能够多盈利1.22元.结果表明:燕麦草青贮替代全株玉米青贮能够提高奶牛产奶量和经济效益. 相似文献
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中北410是优质、高产、抗病的青饲青贮专用玉米新品种,田间表现抗倒、抗病、高产,生物产量鲜重6700kg/667m2。全株营养价值高,经青贮后饲喂奶牛,产奶量提高7.6%,乳脂率提高0.3%,经济收益是种植普通玉米的2倍。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究全株青贮张杂谷不同比例替代全株青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量和乳品质的影响。选取胎次2～3胎、体重为600 kg左右的荷斯坦高产泌乳牛40头,随机分成4组,每组10头。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别为试验组,在基础日粮上分别用2.3、4.6 kg和6.9 kg全株青贮张杂谷替代原有日粮中10%、20%和30%的全株青贮玉米。预试期5 d,正式期30 d。结果表明,产奶量和乳品质各组差异均不显著(P>0.05),但产奶量和乳品质均表现出Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组高于Ⅰ组,且产奶量Ⅱ组最高,Ⅲ组次之;乳脂率、乳蛋白率Ⅳ组均最高,分别比Ⅰ组提高0.14和0.1个百分点;乳糖率Ⅱ组最高,比Ⅰ组提高0.03个百分点;非脂固形物Ⅱ组和Ⅳ组最高,比Ⅰ组提高0.08个百分点;灰分各试验组均比Ⅰ组提高0.01个百分点;尿素氮和体细胞数Ⅳ组均最低,比Ⅰ组分别降低0.36 mmol/l和24.76×10~3个/ml。在本试验条件下,综合考虑产奶量、乳品质及经济效益,全株青贮张杂谷替代原有日粮中10%的全株青贮玉米饲喂效果较好,净收益每天每头牛增加4.42元。 相似文献
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普通青贮玉米与微生物青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量的对比试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究普通青贮玉米和微生物青贮玉米对奶牛产奶量的影响.选取20头生理情况基本一致黑白花奶牛,分为试验组和对照组进行交叉对比试验.结果显示：饲喂微生物青贮玉米的奶牛,产奶量比饲喂普通青贮玉米的高2.27 kg,每天纯收入多7.93元. 相似文献
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Bulang M Kluth H Engelhard T Spilke J Rodehutscord M 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2006,90(3-4):89-102
Studies on the use of lucerne silage as a forage source for high-yielding dairy cows. It was the main objective of this study to investigate effects of lucerne silage inclusion in maize silage-based rations on dry matter intake, milk yield and metabolic parameters of high yielding dairy cows. Three total mixed rations (TMR) were used. They contained as the main forage source on a dry matter basis 41.5% maize silage and 12% grass silage (ration maize) or 18% maize silage and 29% of either grass silage (ration grass) or lucerne silage (ration lucerne). Organic matter digestibility, determined with wether sheep, was 77 and 65% for the grass and the lucerne silage, respectively. Each TMR was fed to 4 wether sheep to determine crude nutrient digestibilities. The content of net energy for lactation (NEL), as calculated from digestible crude nutrients, was (MJ/kg dry matter (DM)): 7.1 (maize), 7.2 (grass) and 6.8 (lucerne). Based on the results of a chemical fractionation of crude protein it was calculated that the content of utilisable crude protein (nXP) was not below 167 g/kg DM and that the N balance in the rumen was not negative for all 3 TMR. The TMR were fed for 169 days to at least 28 dairy cows per treatment which were in their first half of lactation. Feed intake, milk performance data and physiological indicators were measured for each individual cow. The DM intake was significantly higher in treatment lucerne (23.2 kg/d) than in treatments grass (21.2 kg/d) and maize (22.6 kg/d). Daily intakes of NEL and nXP were significantly lower in treatment grass than in the other two treatments. Milk yield was significantly higher in treatment maize (41.7 kg/d) than in treatments grass (37.3 kg/d) and lucerne (38.5 kg/d). This was associated with a significantly lower milk fat content in treatment maize (3.5%) in comparison with the other two treatments (3.9% each). Milk protein content was unaffected by treatment (3.4% on average). Similarly, the acetone content of milk was not significantly different between treatments. The beta-hydroxybutyrate content of the deproteinized blood was significantly higher in treatment lucerne at start of lactation, but this difference disappeared in subsequent parts of the experimental period. Measurements of back fat thickness indicated mobilisation and retention of energy by cows during the experimental period to be similar in all treatments. It is concluded that lucerne silage is a suitable forage source for high yielding dairy cows in spite of its low digestibility. 相似文献
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To investigate the milk production limiting potential of a diet based on grass silage (40%), hay (15%), dried sugar beet pulp (13%) and grain compound mixture (32%), 28 multiparous cows in early lactation were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group and a group receiving supplementary rumen protected methionine (RPMet) treatment (12 g intestinally available methionine/cow/day, given 1-120 days postpartum; Smartamine; RPAN's technology). The diet was formulated to meet the requirements for protein and net energy. RPMet supplementation had no significant effect on DMI (kg/cow/day), milk dry mass, milk lactose and milk urea contents. Responses for mean daily milk yield, mean milk fat and milk protein yields were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cows supplied with RPMet than in controls. Mean daily milk yield, milk protein and milk fat yields increased by 2.4 kg, 108 g and 124 g, respectively. The mean daily milk protein and casein contents were increased by 1.8 g and 0.9 g and milk fat content by 1.2 g in 1 kg of milk, respectively. The results suggest that in cows fed grass silage and a grain compound mixture milk production is limited by methionine insufficiency, but milk production performance can be increased significantly by the addition of RPMet to the diet. 相似文献
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A.J.H. Van Es 《Livestock Production Science》1974,1(1):21-32
It is argued that in view of the many new methods in dairy farming an economic model of the dairy farm should be available to improve advisory work. Some quantitative data concerning the dairy cow needed for such a model are given. They deal with a net energy feeding value of grass, hay, silage, artificially dried grass and concentrates estimated with a feed evaluation system based on results obtained with lactating cows. Also data on the requirements for net energy and for long forage dry matter are given, again obtained with such cows. Finally information is given on voluntary intake of forage dry matter at pasture, from fresh grass fed indoors, from various preserved forages including forage pellets, as influenced by milk yield and condition of the cow and by kind of forage and level of concentrates fed. Special attention has been paid to the precision of the information. These data are used to predict both the maximal and minimal amounts of long forage which can be fed in the stall period without loss of production, and the additional quantities of concentrates needed. For the grazing cow the problem of the adjustment of voluntary intake of grass to milk yield and amount of concentrates fed is studied. It is concluded that the information is sufficient to develop an economic model of a dairy farm. For its development grassland research should supply data on pasture yield in terms of digestible organic matter when the forage is fed to sheep at the maintenance level, and the economists should add data on costs of food and labour. 相似文献
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复合草颗粒生产及饲喂奶牛试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过刈割-干燥-粉碎-配制-制粒程序将紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)鲜草加工成理想的高附加值商品--复合草颗粒,同时采用随机编号、分组试验法,替代2.5、2.0 kg精饲料饲喂奶牛,测定替代量与产奶量、草料消耗成本之间的关系.结果表明,复合草颗粒是一种体积小,便于运输、贮藏,使用方便,适口性好,营养价值高的... 相似文献
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[目的]探究不同方式制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,对其生产性能和经济效益的影响。[方法]选定中国荷斯坦牛开展全株玉米青贮饲喂试验。将28头奶牛随机分为对照组和试验组,每组14头。前者饲喂不添加菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮,后者饲喂添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮。统计各组奶牛日均干物质采食量、日均产奶量、料重比、乳脂率和乳蛋白率,计算各组奶牛日均经济效益和试验期总经济效益。[结果]采用添加青贮菌剂制备的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛后,奶牛日均干物质采食量和料奶比与对照组差异不显著,但日均产奶量、平均乳脂率和乳蛋白率显著提高（P<0.05）。每头牛日均产奶量增加1.91 kg,乳脂率增加0.22个百分点,乳蛋白率增加0.06个百分点。试验组经济效益明显提高,每头牛日均经济效益增加4.73元,正试期内总经济效益增加1 986.60元。[结论]采用添加青贮菌剂的全株玉米青贮饲喂奶牛,能有效提高奶牛的生产性能和经济效益。 相似文献
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本试验应用EM发酵玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,以观察两种方法处理的玉米秸秆对奶牛生产性能及经济效益的影响效果。结果表明,用EM发酵的玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛较青贮玉米秸秆饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量提高1.03%,平均产奶量提高2.02%,经济效益提高0.13元;EM原液发酵的玉米秸秆和青贮玉米秸秆1∶1混合饲喂奶牛,每天每头奶牛采食量、平均产奶量、经济效益分别比饲喂青贮玉米秸秆的奶牛提高2.85%、2.99%和1.15元。 相似文献
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《Livestock Production Science》1993,33(1-2):77-90
A range of preplanned dry period lengths in a dairy herd was evaluated, at different culling strategies and feeding regimes, by means of a dynamic stochastic model simulating the production at herd level. Dry period lengths were studied in the range of 4 to 10 weeks. The culling strategies exhibited two different rates of voluntary culling for reproductive failure and milk production, and the feeding regimes consisted of grass silage ad lib. and either 8 or 12 kg of concentrates/day in the first 24 weeks of lactation. The economic result was studied under a herd size and a milk quota constraint, respectively. A dry period of seven weeks appeared to be preferable under most circumstances. The net revenue per unit of milk sold was less sensitive to dry period length than the net revenue per cow per year. No major interactions between dry period length and culling strategy or feeding regime were found. The conclusions were fairly insensitive to price changes, and to variation in the assumed effect on lactational performance of dry period lengths from 6 to 8 weeks. 相似文献
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The effect of including high or low tannin forage peas as an alternative to soyabean meal on performance and N efficiency was investigated using 18 dairy cows in two Latin square design studies. Two varieties of forage pea; Racer (coloured flowers; high tannin) and Croma (white flowers; low tannin), were ensiled 12 weeks post sowing. The in situ degradability characteristics of the pea silages were determined using 4 cannulated sheep. The low tannin forage had a higher soluble N (a) fraction and a greater extent of degradation (a + b), resulting in a greater amount of N being predicted to be released in the rumen than the high tannin forage. In experiment 1, cows were fed one of three treatments in each of 3 periods of 28 d duration in a Latin square design; grass silage/whole-crop wheat (0.50:0.50, DM basis) and 8 kg/d of a high protein concentrate (GWH); grass silage/whole-crop wheat/high tannin forage pea silage (0.25:0.25:0.50 respectively, DM basis) and 8 kg/d of a high protein concentrate (HTH) or 8 kg/d of a low protein supplement (HTL). The inclusion of forage peas increased (P < 0.05) DM intake by 1.2 kg DM/d, but there was no effect of dietary treatment on milk yield (average of 23.0 kg/d), composition or live weight change. The efficiency of use of dietary N (N output in milk/N intake) was highest (P < 0.001) in cows when fed GWH (0.289) and lowest in HTH (0.234). In experiment 2, cows were fed one of three treatments in each of 3 periods of 28 d duration in a Latin square design; grass silage/whole-crop wheat (0.50:0.50, DM basis) and 8 kg/d of a high protein concentrate (GWH); grass silage/whole-crop wheat/low tannin forage pea silage (0.25:0.25:0.5 respectively, DM basis) and 8 kg/d of a high protein concentrate (LTH) or 8 kg/d of a low protein concentrate (LTL). Compared with GWH, the inclusion of forage peas increased (P < 0.05) DM intake by 2.0 kg/d, but there was no effect of dietary treatment on milk yield (average of 24.5 kg/d). Milk fat content was highest (P < 0.05) in cows when fed LTL (45.7 g/kg) and lowest in LTH (41.9 g/kg), but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on daily fat yield or any other milk component. The efficiency of dietary N use was highest (P < 0.001) in cows when fed GWH (0.300) and lowest in LTH (0.234). It is concluded that either high or low tannin forage pea silages can replace approximately 1.1 kg/d of soyabean meal in the diet of mid-late lactation dairy cows without affecting animal performance, but N efficiency for milk production is decreased. 相似文献