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1.
为研究“引大入秦”灌溉工程对秦王川盆地地下水化学组分的影响,该文在对该盆地地下水进行系统采样分析的基础上,通过对比“引大入秦”工程运行前后盆地内水化学数据,利用数理统计、Gibbs图、离子比等方法,对盆地内地下水化学组分演化进行了深入分析。结果表明:工程运行前,研究区水化学类型以Cl·SO4-Na、Cl·SO4-Na·Mg和SO4·Cl-Na为主。工程运行初期,在灌溉渗水淋洗作用下包气带易溶盐进入地下水,盆地地下水向盐化和硬化方向演化。随着工程的继续运行,包气带盐分被逐步洗脱殆尽,灌溉淋滤水的含盐量逐渐降低,其中处于盆地汇水区的平原区中部下降趋势最为明显,地下水化学类型由Cl·SO4-Na演化为HCO3·SO4-Na(Na·Ca·Mg)和Cl·SO4·HCO3-Na。盆地周缘黄土丘陵区水资源贫乏,受原生沉积地层中高含量易溶盐影响,Cl·SO4-Na·Mg型水分布范围基本保持不变。盆地南部当铺一带地下水由Cl·SO4-Na型演化为Cl·SO4-Na·Mg型水。在这一过程中,研究区水化学组分受硅酸盐岩风化溶解以及岩盐和蒸发岩盐溶解共同作用,在蒸发浓缩作用下富集。盆地地下水受工矿企业污染影响较小,但化肥的使用导致地下水NO3-质量浓度明显升高。研究结果为秦王川灌区地下水资源的可持续发开利用提供参考。 相似文献
2.
新疆焉耆盆地地下水地球化学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用相关分析法与主成分分析法,研究了新疆焉耆盆地地下水地球化学特征。结果表明:从开都河上游向盆地中部灌溉区,地下水矿化度由0.21g/L增加到37.45g/L,地下水水化学类型依次为HCO_3型、HCO_3-SO_4型、SO_4-Cl型以及Cl-SO_4型。研究区各时期地下水阳离子主要以Mg~(2+)与Ca~(2+)为主,阴离子主要以SO_4~(2-)与Cl~-为主。地下水矿化度,电导率,Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-)与Cl~-均呈现强烈的空间变异性,pH值呈现非常弱的空间变异性。草地的地下水矿化度最高,荒漠地下水矿化度最低。地下水矿化度与主要离子含量从高到低依次为:草地、耕地、林地、荒漠。研究区地下水矿化度的大小与Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),SO_4~(2-),Cl~-,HCO_3~-等离子含量水平的高低密切相关。 相似文献
3.
玛纳斯河流域中下游平原地区水化学特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过Piper三线图示法、系统聚类等方法对玛纳斯河中下游28个地表水样品离子化学成分进行了分析,研究了玛纳斯河流域冲积平原的水化学分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:1)研究区水体样品pH值差异较小,但矿化度和各离子组成的差别明显,从淡水到高盐矿化度水均有分布。阳离子浓度Na+Ca2+Mg2+K+;阴离子浓度SO42-Cl-HCO3-。水样中K+和HCO3-的变异系数相对较小,Cl-和Na+变异系数最大。2)玛纳斯河流域冲积平原地区水化学类型主要有Ca2+-HCO3-,Na+-SO42-,Ca2+-SO42-,Na+-Cl-四种。其中Ca2+-HCO3-型占总水样的78.6%,其中仅有3个样品为Na+-SO42-型,2个样品为Ca2+-SO42-型,1个样品为Na+-Cl-型。聚类分析的结果表明玛纳斯河流域地表水化学特征表现出较为明显的空间分异性。总体来看,玛纳斯流域地表水中部分水样的水化学类型改变,主要是由于水体蒸发强度的差异以及玛纳斯河流域土壤中盐分离子被淋洗,增加了水体中的盐分离子含量从而导致水化学类型呈现出差异性。 相似文献
4.
节水改造前后内蒙古河套灌区地下水水化学特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
为了研究大型灌区节水改造后区域农田水环境的变化,该文通过对内蒙古河套灌区上中下游地下水进行系统取样分析,综合运用描述性统计、相关性分析、离子比例系数和图解法(包括H.И.托尔斯基汉方格图解法、Piper三角图示法和多矩形图解法(multi-rectangular diagrams,MRD)),全面系统地研究节水改造前(2007年)后(2008,2009年)内蒙古河套灌区地下水水化学的时空变异特征与3 a演变规律。结果表明:蒸发浓缩和阳离子交换是控制灌区地下水水质演变的主要水文化学过程;与2007年(节水改造前)相比,2008和2009年HCO3-在河套灌区地下水中绝对含量由在阴离子中最小变为最大成为地下水的主要阴离子;Ca2+、Mg2+、HCO3-的变异系数相对较小,它们在地下水中含量相对稳定。Na+、Cl-、SO42-的变异系数较大,它们在地下水中的含量变化较大,是随环境因素而变化的敏感因子,是决定地下水盐化作用的主要变量。整个灌区地下水的主要化学类型为HCO3—Na型、SO4—Na型和Cl—Na型,Cl—Na型水和SO4—Na型水主要分布在灌区的上游和下游,HCO3—Na型水在灌区上中下游都有分布。与2007年(节水改造前)相比,2008年和2009年HCO3-浓度有所增加,Cl-和Na+的浓度有所减少,灌区地下水向着淡化,对作物危害减小的方向转变。全灌区地下水水化学类型时空变异十分复杂,沿着地下水总体水流的方向(灌区上游→灌区中游→灌区下游)Na+占主导地位的趋势越来越明显,在地下水化学类型上,2008年和2009年HCO3-在阴离子占主导地位的化学类型多于2007年(节水改造前)的。与皮伯三线图解法和H.И.托尔斯基汉方格图解法相比,多矩形图解法提供了更明晰、易懂的水化学类型的信息,对于处理复杂地下水化学系统,多矩形图解法的优点更为显著。研究结果为灌区节水改造规划实施对农田水环境的影响进行合理评价提供科学参考。 相似文献
5.
不同溶质及矿化度对土壤溶液盐离子的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国西北旱区水源短缺已成为农业生产的重要限制因素,如何科学有效地利用微咸水资源对于提高灌区水资源利用效率和保障粮食安全生产具有十分重要的意义。该研究以甘肃省秦安县果园粉砂质黏壤土为研究对象,基于土壤水分特征曲线的测定方法,采用蒸馏水(CK)和不同矿化度(1, 3, 5, 10 g/L)的NaCl、Na2SO4两种类型的盐溶液对土壤饱和浸泡8～12 h后离心,收集不同转速下的释水溶液,研究不同吸力(pF分别为1.0,1.49,2.01,2.71,3.49,4.09)条件下土壤释水溶液盐分离子的组成。结果表明:不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4对释水溶液电导率、HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+的影响差异均达极显著(p0.01)或显著水平(p0.05)。相同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4在土壤释水过程中对不同盐分离子的影响不同。同为1g/L的NaCl和Na2SO4,NaCl中的Cl-置换土壤中HCO3-的能力要强于Na2SO4中的SO42-。在土壤水吸力(pF)小于2.01时,高矿化度(3 g/L)的NaCl对于土壤溶液中Ca2+的解离具有促进作用,且促进能力随着矿化度的增大而增大;在土壤水吸力(pF)大于2.01时,加入溶液中的Cl-和SO42-均具有抑制土壤中HCO3-的解离,加入溶液中的Cl-具有抑制土壤中SO42-的解离,加入溶液中的SO42-具有抑制土壤溶液中Cl-的解离,低矿化度(1 g/L)的NaCl对于土壤溶液中Ca2+的解离具有抑制作用。不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4,对土壤溶液中Mg2+的解离具有促进作用。因此,从微咸水利用于盐渍化土壤改良的角度来看,对于苏打型盐土,可尝试用含Cl-和SO42-的盐水灌溉;对于硫酸盐型盐土,可尝试用含Cl-的盐水灌溉;对于氯化物型盐土,可尝试用含SO42-的盐水灌溉。 相似文献
6.
伊犁河流域土壤盐分与地下水关系的关联分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《土壤通报》2013,(3):561-566
根据2009年伊犁河流域土壤盐分与地下水条件的监测和取样分析资料,运用灰色关联分析法,对伊犁河流域3月、6月、9月与11月的土壤盐分与地下水埋深、矿化度、电导率、pH值与主要离子进行了关联分析。分析研究表明:研究区表层土壤盐分平均含量为1.37 g kg-1,属于轻度盐渍化土壤。地下水矿化度平均值为2.50 g L-1,属于微咸水。在关联排序中,地下水埋深、矿化度、电导率、SO42-、Cl-、Mg2+、Na+与土壤盐分变化的关联性较强;地下水pH、K+与Ca2+与土壤盐分变化的关联度低,均小于0.321;地下水Mg2+含量与土壤盐分关联度最高,为0.606。灌溉对地下水pH、矿化度、电导率、Mg2+、Cl-离子变化的影响不大,而对地下水埋深、Na+、SO42-、K+与Ca2+离子变化的影响较明显。为了防止土壤次生盐渍化,应该加强对地下水中Mg2+、Na+与Cl-离子的控制与管理。 相似文献
7.
[目的]分析北川河流域地下水化学特征,从地下水的资源属性角度出发客观评价流域地下水水质状况,为区域地下水环境保护提供数据支撑。[方法]利用2019年北川河流域水文地质水资源调查所获取的189组地下水化学数据分析流域地下水化学成分的分布特征和来源。依据地下水富水性分级对单个样品点的水质类型赋予不同的系数,构建基于地下水富水性分级的区域水质评价方法。[结果]北川河流域地下水化学分布具有较大的空间变化。上游丘陵山区和河谷平原区广泛分布HCO3~-型淡水,向下游逐渐出现SO42-,Cl~-类型的微咸水、咸水以及指示人类活动影响的HCO3·Cl-Na型淡水;碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩风化溶解对地下水水化学组分来源具有控制作用,局部区域因蒸发浓缩而富集;Al,Fe,Th等天然背景元素是造成流域地下水水质超标的主要指标,Pb,CCl4、NO3~-等典型污染组分在工业区和人口集中区地下水中超标更加明显,在人为污染及天然高背景双因素驱动下河谷区地下水质更加复杂;基于采样点数量统计的... 相似文献
8.
根据于田绿洲地下水水质分析结果,应用统计分析方法分析地下水化学特征,提取出对水质影响较大的离子为HCO-3、Na++K+和Cl-;地下水水质为碱性、弱硬水-极硬水,淡水、弱矿化水和中等矿化水在研究区内均有分布;研究区的地下水可划分为淡-弱矿化的HCO3-Na型水和弱-中等矿化的HCO3-Na型水两种类型;建立了地下水的主成分分析模型和总溶解固体与离子含量的回归模型. 相似文献
9.
德州引黄灌区主要河系水化学空间特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过对德州引黄灌区主要河流及引黄灌渠水质的离子化学成分分析,探讨了引黄灌区地表水化学成分特点、水化学类型及其空间变化和主要离子来源,为长期观测引黄灌溉对该区地表水、地下水的水化学特征变化的影响及地表水、地下水的循环交换提供依据,同时为该区水环境评价以及水体污染防控提供理论指导。研究结果显示,该区地表水的pH、电导率(EC)及各主要离子含量存在明显的空间差异。水体pH的变化范围为7.65~9.34,属弱碱性水;EC的变化范围为965~1 530μs.cm 1;主要阴阳离子的浓度范围分别为:NO3 1.32~60.15 mg.L 1、SO42 53.41~781.90 mg.L 1、HCO3 143.35~823.50 mg.L 1、Cl 98.00~564.00 mg.L 1、Ca2+22.57~265.00 mg.L 1、Mg2+29.41~195.50 mg.L 1、Na+103.20~472.00 mg.L 1、K+0.83~59.05 mg.L 1。该研究区水化学类型以Na+.Ca2+—HCO3.SO42水为主。各阴离子浓度的平均值HCO3(330.45 mg.L 1)SO42(308.48mg.L 1)Cl(286.83mg.L 1)NO3(29.60 mg.L 1),阳离子浓度的平均值Na+(236.85 mg.L 1)Ca2+(98.15mg.L 1)Mg2+(82.62 mg.L 1)K+(9.05 mg.L 1)。pH、Cl的最高值均出现在马颊河流域,并且该流域Mg2+浓度均值高于其他两个流域。德惠新河流域EC、NO3和HCO3的均值最高。引黄灌渠的SO42、Na+、Ca2+和K+的平均浓度高于其他两个流域。通过Piper图分析得出,不同小流域水体类型不同。对研究区灌溉水质评价结果显示,该区地表水适合灌溉。经相关分析发现,该研究区地表水中,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+与SO42和Cl均具有极显著的相关性,此外,Ca2+与Mg2+、Na+与K+、SO42与Cl也显示出了极显著的相关性,表明这些离子相互影响,或者具有相同的来源,受人类活动影响较大。 相似文献
10.
珠江三角洲地下水环境日益恶化,已成为制约经济社会发展的重要因素。以珠海市具有典型特征的闭合小流域作为研究对象,分旱、雨两季采集地下水分析主要离子及D、18O同位素,全面系统地研究了地下水水化学的时空变异特征与演变规律。结果表明：研究区内地下水主要受大气降水及附近地表水体渗透补给,以蒸发及地下水径流排泄,季节变化对区域内水化学空间变异性影响较小。沿地下水流方向（补给区-径流区-排泄区）,地下水化学类型主要从Ca-Na（Mg）-HCO3型向Na-Cl和Na-K-HCO3-CO3型演化,风化-溶滤、离子交换、海陆交互作用是控制当地地下水质演变的主要水文化学过程。 相似文献
11.
A monitoring study was carried out in an alluvial fan area in Tsukui, Central Japan during the study period of 1999–2003, in order to explain selenium (Se) behaviors in ecosystem combined with air, soil and groundwater. Monthly Se concentrations in open bulk precipitation (rainfall+aerosol, gaseous deposition and etc.), soil solution (collected by porous ceramic-cup) and groundwater ranged from 0.1 to 1.4 μg L?1 (volume-weighted average: 0.34 μg L?1), 0.21 to 1.0 μg L?1 (0.48 μg L?1) and 1.6 to 2.4 μg L?1 (2.2 μg L?1), respectively. Se concentration in open bulk precipitation was negatively correlated with the rainfall amount. Se concentration in soil solution significantly increased with DOC concentration in soil solution. Besides, despite atmospheric Se input and rainfall to the grassland study area, Se concentration in soil solution and groundwater received no significant effect from the rainfall amount, pH, Se, DOC, SO4 2?, NO3 ? and EC in rainfall. Even though Se concentrations in groundwater were significantly correlated with soil solution volume, Se, DOC and NO3 ? and groundwater level, the result of multiple regression analyses (MRA) indicated that the groundwater Se was negatively influenced by groundwater level, which depended on groundwater recharge. Se was transported into the groundwater through the groundwater recharge that largely increased in this alluvial fan study area after heavy rain. 相似文献
12.
Lamers Leon P.M. Van Roozendaal Silvia M.E. Roelofs Jan G.M. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,105(1-2):95-106
In recent decades, SO4 2- concentrations have increased in groundwater and surface water of freshwater wetlands. For many minerotrophic peatlands, S originating from SO4 2--polluted groundwater and surface water is a more significant source of SO4 2- than the actual atmospheric deposition of S compounds. Lowered groundwater tables in wetlands, as a result of either natural or anthropogenic desiccation, may cause acidification because of concomitant geochemical oxidation processes. The impact of the enhanced availability of reduced S compounds, due to preceding SO4 2- pollution, on these processes was tested in a mesocosm experiment, using soil cores including vegetation from a mesotrophic wet meadow. The soils had been maintained in waterlogged condition for seven months, using two environmentally relevant SO4 2- concentrations (2 and 4 mmol L-1). The groundwater table was reduced in two successive steps: 10 cm below soil surface, and complete desiccation. Control pretreated soils did not show a decrease in soil pH during desiccation, due to adequate buffering by bicarbonate. However, both SO4 2--pretreated groups showed a significant drop in pH (from 6.5 to 4.5) caused by additional sulfide oxidation, leading to high SO4 2- concentrations (10 and 16 mmol L-1, respectively). Cation exchange and acidification-related solubilization processes induced the mobiliztation of base cations and potentially phytotoxic metals like Al. Nutrient concentrations in soil moisture were influenced strongly by SO4 2- pretreatment, showing distinct patterns for P, N and K. Therefore, S polluted groundwater and surface water may severely increase the sensitivity of wetlands to desiccation. The results are discussed in relation to wetland management. 相似文献
13.
Increasing recognition of S deficiency in soils has raised the need for understanding processes governing S cycling and availability in soils. However, the quantification of the two main processes of S cycling, i.e. mineralization and immobilization, remains difficult as these processes occur simultaneously. A modified isotope 35SO4 dilution technique was developed and used to measure the effect of sulphate (SO4) fertilization on S mineralization and immobilization in planted (pot experiment with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)) and unplanted soils (incubation). The immobilization and mineralization of S was calculated from the dynamics of stable and labelled S in soil KH2PO4 extracts containing an anion exchange membrane that concentrates SO4 and mainly excludes other S species. The mathematical analysis of the isotope dilution data differs from methods proposed earlier. The radiolabile S in unplanted soil (E value) and in ryegrass (L value) were used as a measure of total available S in soils. Sulphate immobilization rate significantly declined during incubation. Sulphate application reduced gross mineralization but surprisingly reduced SO4 immobilization. The E value significantly increased during the incubation in all soils as a result of gross mineralization, e.g. from 3.8 mg S kg−1 at day 0 to 11.5 mg S kg−1 at day 43 in the sandy soil with no sulphate addition. A full recovery in the E value of S added in (+S) treatments was achieved. Similarly, radiolabile S in the above-ground ryegrass biomass (L value) increased with S addition, with a full recovery of added S. The E and L values nearly fit a 1:1 line suggesting identical S dynamics in a planted and unplanted soil. The method proposed has operational advantages compared to methods used earlier. 相似文献
14.
溶质类型与矿化度对半干旱盐渍化地区果园土壤水分有效性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
盐渍化土壤水分有效性是制约土地生产能力的关键因素之一。研究不同盐分类型及矿化度的盐溶液对土壤水分有效性的影响, 可为微咸水合理灌溉以及促进土壤生产潜力的发挥提供科学依据。本研究采用离心法在室内研究了脱水过程中灌溉水的溶质类型(NaCl和Na2SO4)与矿化度(0、1 g·L-1、3 g·L-1、5 g·L-1、10 g·L-1)对半干旱盐渍化地区果园土壤水分有效性的影响。结果表明: 不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4处理均可使田间持水量、暂时萎蔫系数、永久萎蔫系数、迟效水和无效水较对照有所降低。不同矿化度的NaCl处理以及1 g·L-1的Na2SO4处理土壤全有效水和速效水都较对照增加, 3 g·L-1、5 g·L-1和10 g·L-1的Na2SO4处理土壤全有效水和速效水都较对照减小。不同矿化度的NaCl和Na2SO4处理均可使土壤通气孔隙和毛管孔隙相对减少, 非活性孔隙增大, 其中矿化度为5 g·L-1的NaCl和Na2SO4处理对其影响最为明显, 通气孔隙分别较对照减小16.8%和14.8%, 毛管孔隙分别较对照减小5.2%和6.5%, 非活性孔隙分别较对照增加15.7%和14.4%。NaCl对于土壤比水容量和毛管断裂的延迟效果比NaSO4明显。且土壤溶液盐分含量增加, 土壤持水能力下降、供水性能增加而土壤抗旱性降低。 相似文献
15.
外来调水对华北低平原区地表水和地下水
水化学特征的影响*
——以河北省南皮县为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
华北低平原区有着巨大的粮食增产潜力,同时也是粮食生产和农业水资源矛盾突出的地区。外来调水与浅层微咸水的联合利用是解决区域水资源问题的有效途径之一,同时也将引起区域水循环和水环境的改变。为明确外来调水对华北低平原区地表水和地下水水化学特征的影响,本研究在华北低平原区河北省南皮县域内对调水后不同季节地表水和地下水进行调查和采样,利用水文地球化学和氢氧(d~2H、d~(18)O)稳定同位素相结合的方法,研究外来调水对地表水和地下水转化及其水化学特征的影响。研究结果表明,11月至翌年7月,受蒸发作用的影响,地表水电导率(EC)和钠吸附比(SAR)增加,d2H、d18O同位素不断富集;由于地表水和周围土壤的交换吸附作用使其水化学类型向Na~+、Cl~-和SO_4~(2-)增加、HCO_3~-减少的咸水转变。调水改变了地表水和浅层地下水之间的补给关系,11月至翌年3月,沟渠附近浅层地下水受外来调水直接或者灌溉补给,使得3月浅层地下水EC降低,埋深变浅,部分采样点分布在外来调水的SAR-EC区域。受调水影响,3月沟渠附近浅层地下水水化学类型为Na·Mg·Ca-Cl·SO_4、Na·Mg-Cl·SO_4·HCO_3、Na·Mg-SO_4·Cl·HCO_3等,是11月调水(Na·Mg·CaSO_4·HCO_3·Cl)和浅层地下水(Na·Mg-Cl·SO_4)的过渡类型。3月至7月浅层地下水补给沟渠水,地下水埋深变深,7月浅层地下水水化学类型与3月相似。调水可以季节性地改善区域内沟渠水及其附近的浅层地下水水质,而对深层地下水和坑塘水的水质无改善作用。调水对沟渠水水质的改善体现在调水季节,对浅层地下水水质的改善存在滞后性,2014年11月调水之后,2015年3月浅层地下水的水质得到改善。因此,采用调水和浅层地下水、坑塘水混合灌溉,对合理开发利用区域咸淡水资源以及深层地下水压采,恢复地下水位意义重大。 相似文献
16.
The objectives of this study were to investigate Pb contamination of a shallow groundwater aquifer underneath an industrial complex and Pb chemical forms that may be found in the study area. Concentrations of Pb in the groundwater samples ranged between 0.04 to 1570.12 µg L-1 (10-9.4 to 10-5.1 mole L-1), with an average of 88.2 µg L-1 (10-6.4 mole L-1). The results of analysis of variance showed that sampling locations had significantly (p <0.05) affected Pb concentrations in the groundwater samples. Contour map of Pb concentrations and Pb/Cl ratios indicated that Pb contamination of groundwater could be associated to the seepage of irrigation water, corrosion of buried metallic structure (largely of iron), and leachate from the industrial dust pile. Thermodynamic modeling approach was used to speciate total Pb concentrations in the groundwater samples. The results of these computations revealed that, in the very dilute groundwater (salinity < 1 parts per thousand, i.e., ppt), Pb2+ and Pb-OH complexes were the most significant chemical forms. Groundwater salinities between 1 to 5 ppt, Pb2+, Pb-OH, Pb-Cl, Pb-HCO3, and Pb-SO4 were present in appreciable concentrations, depending on their respective anionic concentrations. Over 80% of the total Pb in water was present in Pb-Cl complexes in groundwater samples with salinities >40 ppt. A comparison of the calculated activities of Pb2+ and the thermodynamic solubility isotherms of Pb minerals suggested that mineral Pb(OH)2(c) was too soluble to precipitate in these water samples. The distribution trend in Pb2+ activities do not support equilibrium with Pb3(PO4)2(c). Formation of PbCO3(c) and Pb2CO3Cl2(c) in the groundwater samples appeared to be the most logical option. From the foregoing, it was concluded that Pb-CO3 minerals can limit Pb solubility in saline groundwaters. 相似文献
17.
Variations in sulphate (SO4 2-) concentration of porewater and net SO4 2- mobilization were related to differences in water level fluctuations during wet and dry summers in two conifer swamps located in catchments which differed in till depth and seasonality of groundwater flow. Sulphate depletion at the surface and in 20 cm porewater coincided with anoxia and occurred mainly during the summer when water levels were near the peat surface and water flow rates were low in both catchments. There was an inverse relationship between net SO4 2- mobilization and water level elevation relative to the peat surface, explaining variation in SO4 2- dynamics between the swamps during summer drought periods. Aeration of peat to 40 cm and a large net SO4 2- mobilization (10–70 mg SO4 2- m-2 d-1) occurred during a dry summer in which the water level dropped to 60 cm below the surface in the swamp receiving ephemeral groundwater inputs from shallow tills within the catchment. This resulted in high SO4 2- concentrations in the surface water and porewater (30–50 mg L-1), and elevated SO4 2- concentrations remained through the fall and winter. In contrast, within the swamp located in the catchment with greater till depth (> 1 m), continuous groundwater inputs maintained surface saturation during the dry summer, and SO4 2- mobilization and concentrations of SO4 2- in the pore water during the following fall did not increase. Susceptibility to large water table drawdown and mobilization of accumulated SO4 2- is influenced by the occurrence of ephemeral vs. continuous groundwater inputs to valley swamps during dry summer periods in the Canadian Shield landscape. This study reveals that extrapolation of results of SO4 2- cycling from one wetland to another requires knowledge of the hydrogeology of the catchment in which the wetlands are located. 相似文献
18.
以克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的土壤可溶性盐分离子、地下水矿化度和植被为研究对象, 综合运用描述性统计和相关性分析等方法, 研究其景观地球化学特征, 旨在通过对克拉玛依人工碳汇林区的景观地球化学特征的研究, 为这一地区盐渍化土壤改良和沙漠化防治提供理论依据。结果表明: 克拉玛依人工碳汇林区土壤Cl-、SO42-、Ca2+在0~80 cm范围内变异系数较大, 80~100 cm范围内, 土壤总盐和各离子变异系数相对较小; 盐分表聚现象严重; 该地区盐土类型主要是硫酸盐型, 其中SO42-和Na++K+为土壤可溶性盐的主要成分。研究区地下水呈弱碱性, 除HCO3-外, 其他离子和矿化度表现出较强的变异性; 地下水的化学类型主要为Cl·SO4-Na, 矿化度和Cl-、SO42-、Na++K+相关系数较为显著。种植人工碳汇林后, 除土壤HCO3-含量有轻微上升外, 其他离子均有所下降, 其中SO42-含量的降低趋势最为明显。俄罗斯杨林分土壤含盐量随种植年限的增长明显降低, 种植后的土壤盐渍化状况有明显改善。 相似文献
19.
酸性土壤磷分级新方法建立与生物学评价 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
土壤磷分级方法可用于估算土壤有效磷数量、不同土壤磷组分库数量及其对土壤有效磷的补充能力。以云南赤红壤、黄红壤及湖北棕红壤为供试材料,运用张守敬方法、蒋柏藩方法及本文提出的新方法,对三种酸性土壤和其石灰改良后的土壤磷进行分级研究,探讨石灰改良对酸性土壤磷组分数量及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明:Ca2-P、Al-P和Fe-P是酸性土壤主要的有效磷源,O-P(闭蓄态磷)也是潜在有效磷源,土壤中活性有机磷库相对比较稳定,可转化为高活性有效磷源供植物吸收利用。与两种经典磷分级方法相比,新方法将O-P划分为O-Al-P和O-Fe-P,O-Fe-P较好地反映了石灰处理与对照之间的土壤磷植物有效性差异。 相似文献
20.
The Nandong Underground River System (NURS) is located in Southeast Yunnan Province, China. Groundwater in NURS plays a critical role in socio-economical development of the region. However, with the rapid increase of population in recent years, groundwater quality has degraded greatly. In this study, the analysis of 36 groundwater samples collected from springs in both rain and dry seasons shows significant spatial disparities and slight seasonal variations of major element concentrations in the groundwater. In addition, results from factor analysis indicate that NO 3 ? , Cl?, SO 4 2? , Na+, K+, and EC in the groundwater are mainly from the sources related to human activities while Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO 3 ? , and pH are primarily controlled by water–rock interactions in karst system with Ca2+ and HCO 3 ? somewhat from anthropogenic inputs. With the increased anthropogenic contaminations, the groundwater chemistry changes widely from Ca-HCO3 or Ca (Mg)-HCO3 type to Ca-Cl (+NO3) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO3), and Ca-Cl (+NO3+SO4) or Ca (Mg)-Cl (+NO3+SO4) type. Concentrations of NO 3 ? , Cl?, SO 4 2? , Na+, and K+ generally show an indistinct grouping with respect to land use types, with very high concentrations observed in the groundwater from residential and agricultural areas. This suggests that those ions are mainly derived from sewage effluents and fertilizers. No specific land use control on the Mg2+ ion distribution is observed, suggesting Mg2+ is originated from natural dissolution of carbonate rocks. The distribution of Ca2+ and HCO 3 ? does not show any distinct land use control either, except for the samples from residential zones, suggesting the Ca2+ and HCO 3 - mainly come from both natural dissolution of carbonate rocks and sewage effluents. 相似文献