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1.
在叶锈菌侵染过程中小麦过氧化物酶同工酶的变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文研究了抗叶锈性不同的小麦品种和毒力不同的叶锈菌小种相互作用过程中过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱的变化。结果表明:(1)不亲和组合在接种后48小时出现新酶带3,酶带4活性明显增强,120小时后又出现新酶带9。但亲和组合没有新酶带出现,而在接种后96小时酶带4活性也明显增强;(2)慢锈品种在接种后120小时以前,酶带4活性稍有增强,在120小时后其活性骤然增强。这可能是慢锈品种的特点。如果这些特点在更多的品种上得到验证,则POD同工酶谱分析有可能作为鉴定品种抗叶锈性和区分感病或慢锈品种的一种生理生化指标。 相似文献
2.
过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶与毛白杨抗锈性的关系 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
叶锈菌的侵染使寄主的过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均增加,且高感无性系的酶活性变化幅度较高抗无性系的大。其中,过氧化物酶活性高峰出现的时间因抗、感无性系受侵染后显症时间的不同而有差异;但PAL酶活性高峰则不论抗、感病无性系,均在接种后第10天左右出现。侵染还可引起过氧化物酶同工酶谱的变化,使多数供试无性系有新酶带出现。但过氧化物酶同工酶谱的变化不能明确反映寄主的抗病性差异。 相似文献
3.
小麦与禾谷镰刀菌相互作用下病穗过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究了苏麦3号(抗病)和凡6(感病)穗部受禾谷镰刀菌侵染后,过氧化物酶和酯酶的变化.在侵染的早期(症状显现前),苏麦3号接种穗的过氧化物酶活性增加较凡6接种穗的酶活增加快和稍高,且症状显现稍迟.在侵染的中后期,症状显现后,感病凡6较抗病苏麦3号的过氧化物酶活性增加快且高得多.2品种病穗中的酶活均是随着症状的发展和病情加重而迅速上升.无新的过氧化物酶同工酶出现在2品种病穗,但第2、3酶带活性随病情发展逐渐增强,5、6酶带活性逐渐减弱,凡6的变化较苏麦3号强烈.2品种病穗中均新出现2条相同的酯酶同工酶带.因此可以初步认为,在相互作用的早期,过氧化物酶活性的增加与苏麦3号对赤霉菌的抗性有一定联系,但在相互作用的中后期,二种组合酶活的大幅度提高是与症状的发展和感病反应相联系.2种同工酶难于作为鉴定小麦抗赤霉菌的生化指标. 相似文献
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初析大豆花叶病若干症状类型生理、生化性状变化 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
在防虫网室中,接种SMVⅡ-2毒株的合半25号大豆植株产生花叶、疱状凸起、矮缩和顶枯症状。测得各症状型的叶绿素含量均低于对照,叶绿素a/b值略低于对照,蛋白质含量高于对照(花叶、疱状凸起)或低于对照(矮缩,顶枯);过氧化物酶活性均高于对照,顶枯症过氧化物酶活性是对照的13.5倍;过氧化物酶同工酶谱分为快(A)、中(B)和慢带区(C),从电泳扫描图上看,各症状型的谱带总数低于对照,但顶枯症的快带区比对照多出一条迁移率最高的谱带(Ag)。另外,对照快带区的谱带峰值低于慢带区,而各症状型却相反。 相似文献
6.
TMV侵染不同抗性番茄品种之后引起的过氧化物酶活性及同工酶的变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文论述了不同抗性番茄品种在接种了TMV之后体内过氧化物酶及其同工酶的变化趋势。不同品种番茄幼苗接种TMV之后30天内病毒含量、过氧化物酶活性及其同工酶的测定结果表明:所有接种的番茄幼苗与健株对照相比均表现酶活性的增强及酶带数目的增多;但不同抗性品种,酶活性交化曲线及同工酶谱带的变化趋势有所不同:感性品种北京早红(+/+)及耐病品种强力米寿接种TMV之后,病毒含量迅速上升,在第15天达到最高峰,同时植株开始显症,其酶活性曲线呈现出1个增值高峰,即酶活性只在显症之后迅速上升于第24天达到最高峰,病株在症状发展过程中产生2条健株所没有的具高迁移率的同工酶谱带A与B。抗性品种Tm-2(Tm-2/+)抑制TMV在体内的增殖,在接种之后30天内植株不表现典型外部症状,其酶活性曲线具有2个增酶高峰,即在接种后第12天达到最高峰,并在第21天有1个新的高峰;在酶活性高峰期,接种植株也产生同工酶谱A与B,与感性品种不同的是谱带A与B形成较早,同时,抗性品种还产生感病品种所没有的1条同工酶谱带F。上述过氧化物酶活性及同工酶的变化趋势可以成为鉴定品种抗性一个有价值的生化指标。 相似文献
7.
过氧化物酶活性与玉米自交系对丝黑穗病抗性的关系 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
测定了11个对丝黑穗病抗性不同的玉米自交系芽鞘的过氧化物酶活性,并对其同工酶作了凝胶电泳分析。发现多数自交系健康植株芽鞘的过氧化物酶活性差异不大,其差异与抗病性不表现任何相关;接种丝黑穗病原菌[Sphacelotheca reiliana(Kǜhn.) Clint.var.zeae Pass.]后,芽鞘过氧化物酶的活性都有所提高,并与各自交系的田间发病率呈极显著正相关,也与接种后组织透性的增加呈显著正相关。但接种后过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱没有发生变化,也没有新谱带产生。说明在接种丝黑穗病原菌后,玉米体内过氧化物酶同工酶的代谢途径没有变化;上述过氧化物酶活性的增加可能是病原物诱导组织透性增加的结果。 相似文献
8.
过氧化物酶及其同工酶与小麦抗赤霉病性的关系 总被引：24，自引：2，他引：24
本文报道了对赤霉病抗性不同的五个小麦品种的过氧化物酶比活力及其同工酶的差异。种子过氧化物酶比活力的大小及其pI10.3酶带颜色的深浅与品种的抗病性呈正相关。各品种的叶片过氧化物酶比活力及其同工酶谱的差异与品种的抗病性无明显相关。各品种的接种穗与其对照穗比较,抗病品种接种穗的过氧化物酶比活力持续上升,感病品种的酶比活力先上升后下降。抗病品种接种穗的过氧化物酶同工酶PI6.3、9.5和10.3三条酶带的颜色比对照深,感病品种的浅或消失,与品种的抗病性呈正相关。 相似文献
9.
双核丝核菌诱导水稻增强广谱抗病性和防卫酶系活性 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16
用无致病性的双核丝核菌(Binucleate Rhizoctonia species,简称BNR)菌株2 32-CG预接种处理水稻品种IR2 6苗期植株根茎基部,可以诱导水稻增强对纹枯病(R.solani Kühn)的抗性。与未处理对照相比,BNR处理水稻植株的纹枯病害严重度明显降低。2 4 h以上的BNR处理,可以彻底保护幼苗不受立枯丝核菌侵染的危害。经BNR诱导的水稻也表现对白叶枯病(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)和条斑病(X.oryzae pv.oryzicola)的抗性。BNR可以显著地诱导水稻防卫反应中的2类关键酶——苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)和过氧化物酶(POX)活性提高。受BNR诱导的抗病性与PAL和POX活性呈正相关。对BNR在水稻病害生物防治中的作用进行了讨论。 相似文献
10.
胡杨叶形变化与POD同工酶的关系研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以5个不同发育阶段的胡杨植株为研究对象,调查各发育阶段胡杨植株树冠不同层次当年生枝同一节位叶片的叶形指数,同时测定其POD同工酶酶谱和酶活性,探讨不同发育阶段胡杨植株叶形的变化规律和POD同工酶酶谱及酶活性间的关系。结果表明:(1)不同发育阶段的胡杨植株都表现出叶形指数随冠层的升高而减小;(2)不同发育阶段的胡杨植株都表现出单株不同冠层叶片中POD同工酶表达具有高度的稳定性和相似性,酶谱带型基本一致,而不同发育阶段的胡杨植株间POD同工酶酶谱在质(酶带数目和迁移率)和量(酶的活性)上表现出不同程度的差异;(3)不同发育阶段的胡杨植株均表现为树冠不同层次当年生枝叶片的叶形指数与POD酶活性极显著正相关(r=0.668,p<0.01)。 相似文献
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12.
Carmen García-Limones Ana Hervs Juan A. Navas-Corts Rafael M. Jimnez-Díaz Manuel Tena 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2002,61(6):325
To ascertain if active oxygen species play a role in fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, the degree of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde formation) and the activity levels of diamine oxidase (DAO), an apoplastic H2O2-forming oxidase, and several antioxidant enzymes, namely ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), guaiacol-dependent peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined spectrophotometrically in roots and stems of ‘WR315’ (resistant) and ‘JG62’ (susceptible) chickpea cultivars inoculated with the highly virulent race 5 of the pathogen. Moreover, APX, CAT, GPX and SOD were also analysed in roots and stems by gel electrophoresis and activity staining; and the protein levels of APX and SOD in roots were determined by Western blotting. In roots, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities, although such responses occurred earlier in the incompatible compared with the compatible interactions. APX, GPX and GR activities were also increased in infected roots, but only in the compatible interaction. In stems, infection by the pathogen increased lipid peroxidation and APX, CAT, SOD and GPX activities only in the compatible interaction, and DAO activity only in the incompatible one. In general, electrophoregrams agreed with the activity levels determined spectrophotometrically and did not reveal any differences in isoenzyme patterns between cultivars or between infected and non-infected plants. Further, Western blots revealed an increase in the root protein levels of APX in the compatible interaction and in those of SOD in both compatible and incompatible interactions. In conclusion, whereas enhanced DAO activity in stems, and earlier increases in lipid peroxidation and CAT and SOD activities in roots, can be associated with resistance to fusarium wilt in chickpea, the induction of the latter three parameters in roots and stems along with that of APX, GR (only in roots) and GPX (only in stems) activities are rather more associated with the establishment of the compatible interaction. 相似文献
13.
Dry fungal biomass ofPenicillium chrysogenum (dry mycelium), a waste product of the pharmaceutical industry, was extracted with water and applied to the roots of melon
plants before or after inoculation withFusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis (Font). Seedlings (4–6 days after emergence) treated with either acidic dry mycelium extract (DME) or neutralized dry mycelium extract
(NDME) were protected against challenge infection withFom. A single drench with 2–5% DME applied 12–72 h before inoculation provided significant control of the disease compared with
water-drenched, challenged seedlings. No protection was seen in plants treated 0–6 h before inoculation or 0–48 h after inoculation.
Neither DME nor NDME (0.5–5%) had any effect on fungal growthin vitro, which implied that disease controlin vivo was mediated by induced resistance. The resistance induced by DME protected melon plants not only against race 1,2, but also
against the three other races of the pathogen, indicating a race-non-specific resistance againstFom. Both DME and NDME significantly increased peroxidase activity and free L-proline content in seedlings 12 h and 48 h after
soil drench, respectively. Resistance to Fusarium wilt was significantly associated with elevated levels of peroxidase activity
but not with free L-proline content. Thus, peroxidase might be involved in the defense mechanisms activated by DME or NDME.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 31, 2001. 相似文献
14.
Lipopolysaccharides of plant-growth promoting Pseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r induce resistance in carnation to Fusarium wilt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
R. Van Peer B. Schippers 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):129-139
The numbers of diseased plants could significantly be reduced when microconidia ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi were inoculated into the stem and viable-, heat-killed cells or purified LPS of the bacteriumPseudomonas sp. strain WCS417r were applied to the roots. Because the competition betweenF. o. dianthi and the bacterium could be excluded, the disease suppression seems to be due to an induced resistance. Accumulation of phytoalexins was found in the stem segments. No accumulation of these compounds was found when the plants were bacterized but noninfected. It is concluded that cell surface components present in the lipopolysaccharides of the bacterium are the inducing factors.Increased peroxidase activity could be measured in root washes and root extracts after only bacterial preparations were added. No significant differences in peroxidase activity were found in stem extracts. The possible role of increased peroxidase activity in suppression of Fusarium wilt in carnation is discussed. 相似文献
15.
沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的抑制作用及其机理 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文报道在温室条件下堆沤半年以上的各种家畜粪肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的防治效果及其机理初步研究,经3次重复试验得出:马粪沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的平均抑制率为67.33％,牛粪沤肥浸渍液对黄瓜霜霉病的平均抑制率为66.10％,羊粪、猪粪沤肥浸渍液也分别对黄瓜霜霉病有一定的抑制作用,但低于马粪、牛粪。马粪、羊粪沤肥浸渍液经100℃高温2h灭活后对黄瓜霜霉病仍有抑制作用,且抑制效果高于相应非灭活的沤肥浸渍液。经沤肥浸渍液处理的植株,叶绿素含量和过氧化氢酶活性均比对照明显增高,致使黄瓜抗病性增强。 相似文献
16.
作者研究了取食不同寄主植物的棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera Hübner)在生长发育和生理代谢上的变化。结果表明:(1)取食不同寄主植物的幼虫发育天数差异较大,其顺序是:棉铃(14天)=人工饲料(14天)<扁豆(16天)<番茄(19天)<青椒(23天);(2)所有供试害虫均含有17种游离氨基酸,谷氨酸、甘氨酸和精氨酸是主要组成成份,第3龄期的差异比较显著;(3)多功能氧化酶和羧酸酯酶的活力随幼虫发育逐渐减小。3龄时期幼虫的活力较高于其他时期,取食青椒的棉铃虫酶活力高于其他4种植物。上述结果说明,幼虫第3龄期可能是解毒的关键时期,代谢过程是多酶系的复合反应,酶活力的变化与棉铃虫的生长发育不成正比,多功能氧化酶是重要的解毒酶,羧酸酯酶作为水解酶起到一定的辅助作用。 相似文献
17.
感染花生条纹病毒(PStV)后花生生理生化性状变化的研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
研究表明,花生接种条纹病毒发病后叶片的光合强度、叶绿素含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性明显下降,而过氧化物酶(POD)活性却显著提高。高感花生品种白沙1016上述指标的变化幅度较大,发病植株叶片中POD同功酶出现了4条健株中没有的新带,迁移率分别为0.67、0.73、0.80和0.89,而原有的迁移率为0.38的1条谱带变弱消失,发病后SOD同功酶谱带数没有显著变化。 相似文献
18.
Vera Quecini Mrio L. Lopes Flvia T.H. Pacheco Maria das G. Ongarelli 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):189-197
In situ and in vitro techniques were employed to investigate the metabolic changes caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus in hypersensitive and susceptible hosts; Petunia hybrida and Nicotiana tabacum, respectively. In petunia, H2O2 accumulation preceded increased peroxidase and shikimate dehydrogenase activity at local lesion sites. In systemic tobacco plants, peroxidase activity was induced prior to symptom onset and the activity of shikimate dehydrogenase was disrupted upon viral infection. Taken together, our data suggest that reactive oxygen species-based mechanisms of defense are shared by hypersensitive and susceptible hosts, although downstream components and regulatory mechanisms are distinct. 相似文献
19.
Dry mycelium (DM) ofPenicillium chrysogenum and its water extract (DME) were examined for their effects on induced resistance against Verticillium wilt and plant growth
of cotton in the greenhouse. Soil application of 0.1–5% DM or 0.5–5% DME provided significant protection against the wilt,
relative to the control. As neither DM nor DME inhibited mycelial growth ofVerticillium dahliae in vitro, it is suggested that the disease-controlling effects of DM or DME are attributed to induced resistance. DME (5%), as well
as DME treated with chloroform or cold acetone, were as effective as 2% DM in reducing disease severity of Verticillium wilt,
implying that the resistance-inducing substance(s) in DM are mostly water-soluble, with neither proteins nor lipids likely
to be responsible for the induction of resistance. No significant difference in root colonization withV. dahliae was found between control-inoculated and 2% DM- or 5% DME-inoculated plants. However, colonization of hypocotyls and epicotyls
was drastically suppressed by either 2% DM or 5% DME relative to the control. Treatments with 2% DM or 5% DME significantly
increased ionically-bound peroxidase (POX) activity in roots, hypocotyls and the second leaf of cotton plants, with the hypocotyls
expressing the highest increase. Soil application of DM or DME increased plant height, fresh and dry weight of inoculated
and non-inoculated cotton plants, relative to their corresponding controls. It is concluded that DM may be used in cotton
crops to promote plant growth and to induce resistance againstV. dahliae. POX might be associated with the defense against Verticillium wilt.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 9, 2002. 相似文献