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用我国发现的4个陆地棉Gossypium hirsutum L.)核雄性不育系和6个常规品种配制了24个杂交组合,对19个性状进行了分析。结果表明,阆A在皮棉产量方面,81A在纤维品质和早熟性方面具有较高的一般配合力效应,为较理想的亲本。与常规品种相比,不育系的特殊配合力方差较小。对产量因素和纤维品质性状的遗传参数估计表明,多数产量因素以加性遗传效应为主,杂种一代表现为部分显性;而多数纤维品质性状则以显性效应为主,加性效应次之,这与常规品种×常规品种的遗传效应有所不同。 相似文献
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陆地棉核不育系杂交组合F1经济性状杂种优势及遗传分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为探究利用陆地棉核不育系配制杂交种在经济性状方面的优势及遗传特点,采用3个陆地棉核不育亲本与4个陆地棉可育亲本不完全双列杂交设计,对12个F1杂交组合及对照经济性状进行表型方差分析,利用加性-显性（AD）模型,对其亲本及12个F1组合进行配合力分析,同时对经济性状进行遗传方差及相关性分析。结果表明,经济性状方面,F1组合竞争优势不明显。不育系2、可育亲本48784特殊配合力和一般配合力均较高,可选作优良杂交亲本;经济性状的加性方差占表型方差比值较大,单铃重、衣分的狭义遗传率在70%以上,早代选择有效;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量的狭义遗传率在25%以上、显性方差占表现总方差的比值达到极显著水平,这3个性状宜在偏晚世代选择,并且有较好的杂种优势利用潜力;除衣分与籽棉产量加性遗传相关不显著、单铃重与衣分加性遗传负向极显著相关外,其他成对性状加性遗传相关均达到了正向显著水平以上;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量之间及单铃重与衣分的显性相关都达到了极显著水平。不育系在棉花杂种优势利用方面具有较大的利用前景。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育恢复系的筛选和初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了选育甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育恢复系,并将该雄性不育系统杂交种投入生产应用,通过10多年自交和测交,从甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育掺合型杂交种Corrida中筛选出了萝卜质雄性不育恢复系R2008.R2008 在不同年份均能使萝卜质雄性不育系完全恢复育性,从而实现了萝卜质雄性不育系、保持系和恢复系三系配套.遗传分析表明,R2008的恢复性状受一对显性基因控制.其中萝卜质雄性不育系的基因型为S(rr),恢复系的基因型为(RR),现有的甘蓝型油菜均为萝卜质雄性不育系的保持系,基因型均为N(rr).与当地甘蓝型油菜相比,R2008生育期长 (240 d)、芥酸和硫甙含量高 (分别为12.93 %和78.63 μmol/g)、结角率低(74.89%)、角粒数少(10.69粒),冻害重(冻害率100%,冻害指数73.50).要选育合格的甘蓝型油菜萝卜质雄性不育杂交种应用于生产,必须对R2008的上述性状进行改良. 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜杂交种中雄性不育母本假杂种是影响种子纯度的关键。为了探索一种能准确鉴定油菜杂交种中母本假杂种的方法,利用CTAB小样法分别提取油菜F1杂种种皮和幼苗的总DNA,进而筛选种皮与幼苗的SSR谱带存在差异的引物,并用于鉴别杂交种制种样品中母本基因型假杂种。结果表明：F1杂种种皮的SSR电泳谱带与其母本相同,利用筛选到的多态性SSR引物对2个国审品种的6份杂交制种样品中母本基因型假杂种鉴定的结果与田间单株鉴定吻合率达98%以上,说明利用F1杂种种皮与幼胚存在多态性的SSR标记鉴定杂交种的母本基因型假杂种是可靠的。该技术方法可以克服目前油菜杂交种SSR纯度鉴定对亲本的依赖,为种子生产、管理和经营部门种子纯度质量的有效监控提供技术参考。 相似文献
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人工合成具有白菜或甘蓝细胞质的甘蓝型油菜 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较甘蓝型油菜不同细胞质基因组的遗传效应及其与核基因的相互作用,对12个白菜(2n=20)与1个芥蓝(2n=18)的正反交种间杂种分别进行子房和胚培养,人工合成白菜和甘蓝细胞质甘蓝型油菜。结果表明,白菜×芥蓝的正交子房培养杂种苗平均诱导率2.32%,甘蓝×白菜的反交胚培养杂种苗平均诱导率为1.16%。不同杂交组合之间,杂种苗诱导率差异大,但相同亲本正反交杂种获得的难易趋势相似。将单倍体杂种小苗在含0.01%秋水仙碱的MS培养基中预培养处理10d的染色体加倍效果最好,加倍率达59.32%。人工合成的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状类似于栽培甘蓝型油菜,无论正交或反交合成的甘蓝型油菜,其农艺性状介于父母本之间,但更接近于母本。合成油菜花粉育性在40.53%～88.95%之间。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜胞质雄性不育系22A的遗传研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
甘蓝型双低油菜CMS22A是河南省农科院棉油所利用384A中的雄性不育源、采用单株成对连续回交的方法育成的新型双低油菜细胞质雄性不育系。其突出表现为雄性不育彻底且遗传稳定,配合力高,抗病抗倒,品质优良。对CMS22A育性遗传规律研究表明,该不育系属典型的败药型雄性不育系,其雄性不育的遗传受不育细胞质(S)和一对隐性核不育主效基因(rr)的共同控制,属孢子体不育,基因型为S(rr)。 相似文献
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为了加速甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交育种进程。以高亚麻酸油菜种质为试验材料,采用快速选育方法进行油菜高亚麻酸CMS及保持系的选育。结果表明：选育周期从5～6年缩短为4年,亚麻酸含量由11.85%提升至16.96%,含油量由45.0%提升至48.8%,单株亚麻酸产出量由0.98 g提升至1.53 g。与原CMS（陕6A）相比,“YM-1A”的含油量、单株产量、亚麻酸含量、异交结实系数、单株亚麻酸产量分别提高8.45%、4.49%、59.43%、12.8%、80.65%;而自交结实系数降低56.86%。因不育性、农艺、品质等性状显著提高,YM-1A在甘蓝型油菜高亚麻酸杂交育种中具有较高的利用价值。 相似文献
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Segregation studies following the transfer of the gene wi to different cytoplasm types, which have been distinguished by means of restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses using mitochondrial gene probes, revealed the formation of the wi‐sterility in each of the four cytoplasms examined. The male sterility is therefore only caused by the nuclear wi gene, i.e. an additional factor of a specific cytoplasm can be excluded. Hence, the wi‐sterility proved to be a genic male sterility (GMS) and not a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The expression of the wi‐sterility appears to be stable, since it is not affected by high temperatures or tetracycline. Accordingly, a temporary pollen production, which would allow self‐fertilization for the maintenance of sterile lines, cannot be induced by controlling these environmental factors. In terms of hybrid breeding, this GMS therefore has no advantage over the previously described CMS system. 相似文献
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In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme. 相似文献
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玉米雄性不育的转育及应用研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
测定了141个玉米自交系对雄性不育胞质的育性反应,其中有33个系同时测定了对 C 型和 S 型(M 型)的反应。结果得出,自330、白自330、多黄15、525、D 729等5系为两型的共同恢复系,大多数自交系对不育类型呈专效作用,表明两类不育型的遗传基础有差异。M 型与 S 型的育性反应基本一致。育性稳定性研究表明,C 型很稳定,不易受环境 相似文献
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Temperature related instability of a naturally induced cytoplasmic male sterility in industrial chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jeroen Van der Veken Stany Vandermoere Olivier Maudoux Christine Notté Tom Eeckhaut Joost Baert Stefaan Werbrouck Johan Van Huylenbroeck 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):423-432
Natural alloplasmic cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) clones of industrial chicory were obtained after crossing wild chicory with selected breeding lines. We investigated the CMS stability of 10 clones in various environmental growing conditions. CMS was stable under cool growing conditions in most of them. Fertility restoration, based on pollen production scores, was observed in all clones after a period of hot temperatures. The early flower bud stage was sensitive, resulting in fertile flowers 12–17 days after exposure to high temperatures. Experiments under controlled growing conditions at 15°C demonstrated that a heat shock of 2 days at 25 or 30°C was sufficient to restore fertility. Sterile flowers were formed when plants were again grown at lower temperatures. Significant differences between individual clones were observed, indicating the potential of genetic selection to obtain stable CMS parent lines. 相似文献
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In recent years, plant molecular research on genetic mapping, gene tagging and cloning, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) have gained importance in crop improvement programmes. In Capsicum, several inter- and intra-specific genetic maps with wide distribution of markers covering the whole genome have been developed. Recently, whole genome of the hot pepper C. annuum, its wild progenitor C. annuum var. glabriusculum and C. baccatum has been sequenced. The Capsicum genome size has been estimated to be approx. 4× (3.48 Gb) the genome size of cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) (900 Mb). Breeders’ access to the pepper genomic information would facilitate the choice of markers from different linkage groups, thus paving the way for gene cloning and its introgression into the elite breeding lines through MAS. Till date, approx. 20 independently inherited nuclear male sterility (NMS) genes have been reported. Linked markers have been identified for ms1, ms3, ms8, ms10, msk, msc-1 and an undesignated gene. However, markers tightly linked to ms8 and ms10 are still lacking. Except ms1, ms3, ms8 and ms10, the map position of other NMS genes is not known. In cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), markers for the mitochondrial gene atp6 have been developed and the gene cloned. Number of markers some very tightly linked to the restorer-of-fertility (Rf) gene have been identified. However, the actual map position of the Rf locus is still not determined. Another CMS-associated nuclear gene “pr” responsible for restoring partial fertility has been identified and tagged. In this review, we have compiled up-to-date information about the marker technology relating to the NMS and the CMS-associated genes in Capsicum. This information can be useful when screening Capsicum germplasm, developing NMS lines through MAS, improving efficiency of the NMS system, transferring rf gene for maintainer line breeding and Rf genes for restorer line breeding in CMS and assessing genetic purity of the hybrid seed. 相似文献
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胞质雄性不育和核雄性不育辣椒内源激素含量的变化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定和比较分析了CMS和GMS辣椒不育系(株)和相应保持系(可育株)花蕾和叶片中的内源IAA,Z ZR,GA3,ABA含量及比值的变化。结果表明,CMS雄性不育系和保持系花蕾中IAA,Z ZR,GA3和ABA含量的变化趋势与GMS不育株和可育株间变化趋势基本相同,即不育系(株)IAA,Z ZR,GA3和ABA含量低于保持系(可育株);叶片中Z ZR,GA3和ABA含量变化趋势GMS和CMS也基本一致,即不育系(株)中的含量高于保持系(可育株);花蕾中IAA/ABA,(Z ZR)/ABA,GA3/ABA激素比例的变化GMS与CMS也相同,即不育系(株)比值小于保持系(可育株)。说明虽然GMS和CMS辣椒控制雄性不育的基因不同,但在调节雄性不育时激素的变化规律大多相同,辣椒雄性不育在生理生化机理上可能存在一些相同的特点。 相似文献
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A breeding program was initiated at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 1990 to develop thermosensitive genic
male sterile (TGMS) rice lines for developing two-line rice hybrids for the tropics. The TGMS trait was transferred from a
temperate japonica TGMS mutant, Norin PL 12, to indica and tropical japonica rice varieties using the pedigree selection procedure.
Six new TGMS rice lines adapted to tropical conditions were developed which showed complete pollen and spikelet sterility
when maximum temperature was higher than 30 °C 1–2 week after panicle initiation. However, up to 85.5% spikelet fertility was observed when these lines were exposed to
26–29 °C during the critical stage. Using two of these TGMS lines, some heterotic rice hybrids showing 1–1.6 t/ha higher grain yield
than the inbred check varieties were identified in unreplicated observational yield trial conducted at IRRI. Two of the six
two-line hybrids yielded significantly higher than the check variety in a replicated preliminary yield trial.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Fang-Quan WANG Fang-Jun FAN Shi-Jian XIA Shou-Yu ZONG Tian-Qing ZHENG Jun WANG Wen-Qi LI Yang XU Zhi-Hui CHEN Yan-Jie JIANG Ya-Jun TAO Wei-Gong ZHONG Jie YANG 《作物学报》2020,46(3):317-329
tms5与pms3是水稻的光温敏核不育基因,其功能位点已经明确,然而它们在两系不育系中的效应尚不清楚。本研究针对tms5与pms3基因功能位点,分别设计了功能标记AS-TMS5和CAPS-PMS3。经鉴定发现,这2个功能标记能准确区分不育、可育性状对应的隐性纯合、杂合和显性纯合3种基因型。利用AS-TMS5和CAPS-PMS3对培矮64S/9311、广占63S/湘恢47和粤光S/宁恢108的F_2群体单株的基因型及育性的关系分析发现,tms5基因是广占63S和粤光S控制光温敏不育性状的主效基因,而pms3基因在培矮64S和粤光S中并不能独立起作用,还需要与其他基因共同调控。进一步分析粤光S/宁恢108的F_(2:3)群体基因型与育性的关系,发现在粤光S/宁恢108背景下,携带pms3基因的株系几乎都表现可育,而携带tms5基因的株系在较高气温条件下表现不育,但育性转换温度可能较高;而携带tms5与pms3基因的株系育性转换温度比仅携带tms5基因的株系低,这为聚合2个基因选育不育性状稳定的光温敏不育系提供了思路和方法。 相似文献
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棉花细胞质雄性不育花药败育过程中内源激素的变化 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
利用酶联免疫检测（ELISA）技术,研究了棉花细胞质雄性不育系、保持系、恢复系和杂种一代花药在造孢细胞增殖期、花粉母细胞减数分裂期、四分体至小孢子释放期、花粉发育期和花粉成熟期内源吲哚乙酸（IAA）、赤霉素（GA3）、玉米素核苷（ZR）和脱落酸（ABA）含量的动态变化。结果表明,在保持系、恢复系和杂种一代可育花药间内源激素含量差异不明显,但在可育与不育花药间差异显著。在IAA、GA3和ZR含量上,不育花药低于可育花药,但在ABA含量上,不育花药高于可育花药,这种差异在花粉母细胞减数分裂时期达最大值。根据内源激素的功能推测,不育花药IAA含量过低使花药淀粉积累受阻,GA3含量不足影响花粉母细胞和绒毡层细胞的膨大,过低的ZR含量使花粉母细胞不能分裂形成四分体,过高的ABA含量促进花粉母细胞退化和死亡。 相似文献