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为研究镰刀菌毒素玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）及其联合作用对动物免疫功能的影响,试验以CTLL-2细胞（细胞毒性T淋巴细胞株）为材料,用不同浓度的ZEA （0、5、10、20 μg/mL）、DON （0、0.5、1、2 μg/mL）及联合（空白组、5 μg/mL ZEA、0.5 μg/mL DON、5 μg/mL ZEA＋0.5 μg/mL DON）处理CTLL-2细胞48 h,采用ELISA法检测了细胞内及培养上清液中颗粒酶B （GZMB）、穿孔素（PFP）、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）等细胞因子的含量。结果显示,ZEA、DON能够降低CTLL-2细胞胞内及培养上清液中PFP、GZMB、IFN-γ的浓度,增加TNF-α浓度,染毒组与对照组相比均有显著或极显著差异（P＜0.05;P＜0.01）,且均呈剂量效应关系;ZEA、DON联合染毒表现为加性效应。结果表明,ZEA、DON及其联合作用可通过影响免疫细胞因子的分泌,降低免疫细胞杀伤活力,间接影响机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的负调节,从而导致动物机体免疫机能下降。 相似文献
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《中国饲料》2017,(4)
本研究通过比较三种不同方法对霉菌毒素检测结果的差异,旨在为检测霉菌毒素提供科学依据。本实验采用酶联免疫(ELISA)试剂盒、超高效液相色谱(UHPLC)和液相质谱质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)三种检测方法,对仔猪配合饲料中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、呕吐毒素(DON)含量进行检测。ELISA法检测AFB1、ZEA和DON时,超标率与UHPLC法和HPLC-MS/MS法接近;但ELISA法检测AFB1结果为限量值为80%以上时,采用UHPLC法的检测结果显著高于HPLC-MS/MS法(P0.05),其他所有样品的AFB1、ZEA和DON两种仪器检测方法差异不显著(P0.05)。ELISA可作为霉菌毒素检测的快速初筛法;对ELISA结果进行确认时,低含量AFB1样品更宜采用HPLC-MS/MS法,其余样品采用UHPLC法检测更经济;对DON和ZEA的ELISA结果确认时,也可采用UHPLC法。 相似文献
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旨在探究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其联合作用对细菌感染动物防御能力的影响。试验以小鼠为对象，研究了低剂量的ZEA、DON对李斯特菌感染小鼠血清中免疫相关因子的变化。试验分别设空白对照组(Con)、李斯特菌组(Lis)、10 mg/kg ZEA+李斯特菌组(ZEA+Lis)、1 mg/kg DON+李斯特菌组(DON+Lis)、10 mg/kg ZEA+1 mg/kg DON+李斯特菌组(ZEA+DON+Lis),染毒方式为灌胃，细菌感染方式为尾静脉注射，剂量5×104 CFU。在试验结束后，用抗体芯片技术检测小鼠血清中免疫相关细胞因子的水平。结果显示，与Con组相比，Lis组免疫细胞因子如白介素IL-1β、IL-12P40/P70,集落刺激因子MCSF,趋化因子MIG皆显著升高(P<0.05)。与Lis组相比，ZEA+Lis组IL-1β显著下降(P<0.05),基质金属蛋白酶TIMP-1显著上升(P<0.05);DON+Lis组IL-1β、IL-12P40/P70和MCSF显著下降(P<0.05),趋化因子BLC... 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)与玉米赤霉烯酮与(ZEA)联合暴露对体外培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内环境稳态的影响。分别以0.012 50μg/mL DON+0.006 25μg/mL ZEA、0.050μg/mL DON+0.025μg/mL ZEA、0.2μg/mL DON+0.1μg/mL ZEA、0.8μg/mL DON+0.4μg/mL ZEA对体外培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞进行联合暴露培养,48 h后测定细胞膜ATP酶(Ca~(2+)-ATP酶、Na~+/K~+-ATP酶)活性以及细胞内pH、Ca~(2+)水平和钙调蛋白(CaM)的mRNA表达水平。同时设不添加毒素的空白对照组。结果表明:添加毒素的各试验组间,细胞内Ca~(2+)水平、CaM mRNA表达水平随毒素浓度的升高而增加,且添加毒素的各试验组均显著或极显著高于空白对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。细胞内pH以及细胞膜Ca~(2+)-ATP酶与Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性均随毒素浓度的升高而降低,且添加毒素的各试验组均显著或极显著低于空白对照组(P0.05或P0.01)。由此得出,DON、ZEA联合暴露导致体外培养鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内酸化、离子平衡失调等一系列细胞内环境稳态失衡,且呈剂量依赖性。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。 相似文献
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脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON),通常称作"呕吐毒素",是最常被检测到的一种单端孢霉烯族毒素,通常以mg/kg(饲料,体重等)计。所有动物都对DON很敏感,由于DON在不同动物品种体内的吸收、代谢、分布和排出的方式不同,可导致对毒性敏感性的差异,其毒性大小顺序为:猪>小鼠>大鼠>家禽≈反刍动物。谷物籽实常有少量谷粒被3-乙酰基DON和15-乙酰基DON污染,毒素水平较低(等于或低于小鼠半数致死剂量)时不会对动物造成严重的危害。急性口服高剂量DON(≥27mg/kg体重)摄入引起试验动物死亡或者明显的组织损害。然而,对DON最敏感的猪,相对较低的剂量(≥50g/kg体重)就可以引起呕吐,其表现与人类食物中毒类似,原发性症状为恶心、腹泻和呕吐等。试验动物长时间饲喂DON污染的饲料,表现增重迟缓、食欲减退、养分利用率降低和免疫功能的改变,并且这种影响随种属差异变化较为明显。 相似文献
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《Australian veterinary journal》1999,77(11):756-756
This article, prepared by Guild Insurance Limited, explains pertinent issues relating to the new Goods and Services Tax and how it will affect you. This item is intended to provide general information only. It is not provided as tax advice or legal advice. 相似文献
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Results of scientific studies are obtained by analysing of the present knowledge of a current problem and a corresponding new experimental set-up. Under ideal conditions the data of the new study agree with the deduced working hypothesis. This general consideration is true for the well established correlation between K content and growth rates of plants. At low K concentrations (up to 3% of dry matter) K causes a linear increase of growth and finally a saturation. This positive effect of K on growth rates of plants is accompanied by some side effects. There is no doubt that a high intake of K is involved in the pathogenesis of grass tetany and of milk fever. The present publication gives some information about this correlation and discusses the discrepancy between the intention of a scientific study and possible "side effects", which cannot be predicted in many cases. 相似文献
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The cardiovascular effects, anesthetic effects, and recovery rates were evaluated in racing Greyhounds under barbiturate anesthesia. Greyhounds and mixed-breed dogs of similar body weights were given (by IV route) thiopental (15 mg/kg), thiamylal (15 mg/kg), methohexital (10 mg/kg), and pentobarbital (20 mg/kg). The anesthesia lasted longer in Greyhound than in non-Greyhound mixed-breed dogs given thiopental, thiamylal, and methohexital. The mean times from recumbency to standing were 3 to 4 times longer for Greyhounds anesthetized with thiobarbiturates than for non-Greyhound mixed-breed dogs anesthetized with the same drugs, with recovery times for some Greyhounds lasting more than 8 hours. With thiobarbiturate anesthesia, Greyhounds had long periods of respiratory depression, struggled, and relapsed into sleep, whereas in the other dogs, the recovery was quiet. Respiratory depression related to the stage of anesthesia was produced by all barbiturates, but did not result in significant changes in blood gas values. Rectal temperature decreased in all dogs, but did not result in significant hypothermia. Cardiovascular variables and acid-base estimations in Greyhounds were not significantly different from those in mixed-breed dogs before and during barbiturate anesthesia. Packed cell volumes in Greyhounds were significantly higher than those in non-Greyhound mixed-breed dogs after the thiobarbiturates and methohexital were administered. Total plasma protein concentrations were significantly lower in Greyhounds, compared with those in the other dogs before and during barbiturate anesthesia. Methohexital is a useful alternative to thiobarbiturates for short-duration barbiturate anesthesia in Greyhounds. 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2020,(2):330-335
甘草酸作为甘草的主要生物活性成分,已经被证实具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎和抗病毒活性。本研究初步探讨了甘草酸二铵(DG)对流感病毒的抗病毒作用及其机制,证实250 mg/L DG即可明显抑制流感病毒复制,并且其抗病毒作用具有剂量依赖性。DG对流感病毒复制周期的影响结果显示,DG主要抑制流感病毒的复制阶段,而对吸附和进入细胞的过程没有影响。进一步研究表明,DG一方面可以上调IFN-γmRNA表达水平,通过其免疫调节功能抵抗流感病毒感染;另一方面下调炎症因子TNF-αmRNA表达水平,减轻其诱导的炎症反应,降低宿主的免疫损伤。本研究结果显示DG可作为潜在的抗流感病毒药物,为抗流感病毒药物的筛选奠定基础。 相似文献
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Day MJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,117(1):51-58
The debate over adverse reactions associated with companion animal vaccination has considerably exercised the veterinary profession internationally over the past decade. A range of suspected adverse reactions to vaccines is reported including the onset of inflammatory, allergic, autoimmune or neoplastic diseases. Lack of efficacy, interference with diagnostic testing and other occasional suspected product-related issues are also reported. Available data suggest that the overall prevalence of true adverse reactions is exceedingly low and that vaccination does not significantly contribute to ill-health in companion animals. There is increasing public interest in vaccination issues with transfer of focus from publicity over human vaccine side effects to those perceived to occur in animals. We must not lose sight of the fact that vaccination is a safe procedure that has impacted significantly on infectious disease control. Reduced population uptake of vaccination leads to re-emergence of disease in both humans and animals. Nevertheless, there have recently been a series of practical recommendations produced to ensure reduced 'vaccine load' on our companion animals and vaccine manufacturers are moving towards developing non-adjuvanted products with an extended duration of immunity. These measures will further reduce the very small current risk of any adverse consequences to vaccination in our pet population. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to investigate genetic and nutritional effects on swine excreta. Two studies were used. Study I was a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial design with three genetic groups, two diets, and two sexes. Genetic groups were a maternal line (WL), paternal line (BL) and their F1 progeny. Corn-soybean meal diets with either 18 or 14% CP, differing only by substitution of soybean meal for corn, were used in both studies. Study II was a 2 x 2 factorial design with two genetic groups and two diets. High testosterone (D2) and low testosterone (D1) Duroc lines were used. Solid and liquid wastes were collected for 3 d. A total of 108 pens in Study I and 50 pens in Study II were sampled twice. Total excreta were measured and samples collected for chemical analysis of N, NH3N, P, Ca, Cu, K, Zn, and Fe. Measures were adjusted for pig weight and feed disappearance. Maternal-line pigs excreted significantly less P, Ca, Cu, Zn, and Fe than F1 or BL pigs and numerically smaller quantities of all nutrients than BL pigs. In study II, differences were found between lines ofthe same breed. Line D2 pigs had greater output of P, Ca, and Cu (P< 0.05) than D1 pigs and numerically larger quantities of all other nutrients except NH3N and Fe. Pigs fed 14% CP excreted less N, NH3N, and K (P < 0.01) in both studies and excreted significantly less P in Study I. Pigs on a 14% CP diet excreted numerically smaller amounts of all nutrients in both studies except Ca in Study II. In Study I, gilts excreted smaller (P < 0.05) amounts of all nutrients than barrows. Genetic, nutritional, and gender differences influenced waste output. 相似文献
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