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1.
不同施氮水平对嫁接和自根黄瓜品质的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以新泰密刺/黑籽南瓜嫁接苗和新泰密刺自根苗的黄瓜为材料,采用日光温室土培的方法研究了不同氮肥施用量对嫁接和自根黄瓜果实品质的影响。结果表明,适量增施氮肥有利于提高嫁接和自根黄瓜果实中抗坏血酸(Vc)、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸含量,提高黄瓜品质;但过多施用氮肥会使黄瓜品质下降。同等氮肥水平下,以盛果期黄瓜果实品质最好;且嫁接黄瓜和自根黄瓜果实品质存在明显差异,嫁接黄瓜果实中Vc、淀粉、游离氨基酸、可溶性蛋白质和硝酸盐含量均高于同期同等氮肥水平的自根黄瓜,初果期和盛果期可溶性糖含量高于自根黄瓜,而末果期略低于自根黄瓜。 相似文献
2.
铜胁迫对嫁接和自根黄瓜幼苗光合作用及营养元素吸收的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以"新泰密刺"黄瓜/黑籽南瓜嫁接苗和"新泰密剌"自根苗为材料,采用日光温室水培的方法研究了铜胁迫下嫁接对黄瓜幼苗光合作用和营养元素吸收的影响.结果表明,铜(Cu2+)胁迫6 d后,嫁接和自根黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和类胡萝卜素含量显著降低;净光合速率和气孔导度显著下降,胞闻CO2浓度随Cu2+离子浓度的增加而降低,但各浓度处理间差异并不显著;电解质渗漏率明显升高,细胞膜透性发生改变;根系和叶片中的营养元素(N、K、Ca、Mg)含量明显降低.嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量、净光合速率、营养元素含量显著高于自根黄瓜,电解质渗漏率显著低于自根黄瓜.嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片中Cu2+含量显著低于自根黄瓜,表明嫁接能够明显减少Cu2+向叶片的运输,缓解Cu2+毒害作用. 相似文献
3.
中国南瓜对嫁接黄瓜产量与风味影响的综合评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨中国南瓜砧木种质资源的多样性,筛选同时具有较高产量和较优风味品质嫁接黄瓜的中国南瓜砧用种质,本研究以国内外102份中国南瓜高代自交系种质为砧木,以黄瓜品种新泰密刺为接穗进行嫁接,利用主成分分析、隶属函数分析和聚类分析对嫁接黄瓜形态学和农艺性状等13项指标进行综合评价。结果表明,与对照新泰密刺相比,102份嫁接组合的各项指标存在广泛变异,主成分分析显示前5个主成分累计贡献率达到86.226%,其中植株产量因子、雌花因子、果实风味因子是构成嫁接组合性状差异的主要因子。系统聚类分析将102个嫁接组合划分为4个类群,隶属函数分析表明柿饼南瓜5Bb636-3(N67)和三禾13-s08z13-3(N91)等7份砧木的嫁接组合产量和口感等各项指标表现突出,可作为南瓜砧木品种选育的优异亲本材料。本研究进一步丰富了中国南瓜砧木的评价体系,为选育嫁接黄瓜性状良好的中国南瓜砧木品种提供了重要依据。 相似文献
4.
研究了引自意大利的3种番茄抗性砧木对温室土壤根结线虫二龄幼虫的控制作用以及对土壤自由生活线虫的影响。供试温室土壤共鉴定12科26属自由生活线虫,分属食细菌性线虫、食真菌性线虫、植食性线虫和杂食性线虫4种营养种群。试验结果表明,3种抗性砧木均显著地降低了嫁接苗植株根际土壤中根结线虫工龄幼虫（J2）的密度,从而控制了根结线虫病的发生;与不种植番茄的空白对照相比,种植番茄促进了根际自由生活线虫的繁殖,但抗性砧木根际自由生活线虫的密度小于感病对照“FA189”。所有处理根际自由生活线虫优势种群为食细菌性线虫。 相似文献
5.
采用营养液栽培,研究了以中国南瓜“360-3×112-2”杂交种和黑籽南瓜为砧木,以“津春2号”为接穗的2种嫁接黄瓜和“津春2号”自根黄瓜成株期在 80 mmol/L NaCl 胁迫12 d 后的生长状况和光合能力,以及试验期间叶片氮素代谢及其关键酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,NaCl 胁迫12 d 后以中国南瓜“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜植株的主蔓生长速率、第一片功能叶面积、全株鲜重和光合参数均高于自根黄瓜和以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜; 且以“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜的生长状况好于以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜。NaCl 胁迫处理植株叶片中硝态氮、铵态氮含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(Gs)活性和可溶性蛋白含量比对照先高后低; 而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性先低后回升,但仍低于对照,说明NaCl 胁迫下,黄瓜叶片氮素代谢能力的降低。不同处理氮素代谢能力的差异其原因在于根系吸收氮源的能力差异。NaCl 胁迫对以“360-3×112-2”杂交种为砧木的黄瓜植株生长抑制较小,氮素代谢能力下降较少,表现出较强的耐盐性,可以作为一个黄瓜耐盐砧木在生产上使用。 相似文献
6.
《植物营养与肥料学报》2010,(5)
采用营养液栽培,研究了以中国南瓜"360-3×112-2"杂交种和黑籽南瓜为砧木,以"津春2号"为接穗的2种嫁接黄瓜和"津春2号"自根黄瓜成株期在80 mmol/L NaCl胁迫12 d后的生长状况和光合能力,以及试验期间叶片氮素代谢及其关键酶活性的动态变化。结果表明,NaCl胁迫12 d后以中国南瓜"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜植株的主蔓生长速率、第一片功能叶面积、全株鲜重和光合参数均高于自根黄瓜和以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜;且以"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木嫁接黄瓜的生长状况好于以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜。NaCl胁迫处理植株叶片中硝态氮、铵态氮含量、谷氨酰胺合成酶(Gs)活性和可溶性蛋白含量比对照先高后低;而硝酸还原酶(NR)活性先低后回升,但仍低于对照,说明NaCl胁迫下,黄瓜叶片氮素代谢能力的降低。不同处理氮素代谢能力的差异其原因在于根系吸收氮源的能力差异。NaCl胁迫对以"360-3×112-2"杂交种为砧木的黄瓜植株生长抑制较小,氮素代谢能力下降较少,表现出较强的耐盐性,可以作为一个黄瓜耐盐砧木在生产上使用。 相似文献
7.
为了筛选黄瓜的耐盐砧木,采用营养液栽培,分别以前期试验筛选的耐盐性较强的中国南瓜360-3×112-2杂交种和黑籽南瓜为砧木,以黄瓜品种津春2号为接穗,研究了成株期不同砧木嫁接黄瓜在80mmol.L-1 NaCl胁迫和没有NaCl胁迫下的产量与品质指标。结果表明:没有NaCl胁迫时,以360-3×112-2杂交种为砧木的嫁接黄瓜在产量指标上与以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜相当,在果实感官品质和营养品质上则优于以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜果实。NaCl胁迫时对嫁接黄瓜的产量和果实品质影响较大,单果重和单株产量降低,果实畸形率升高,风味变差,果实维生素C、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖和果实含水量减少,而纤维素和可滴定酸含量升高,以360-3×112-2杂交种为砧木的嫁接黄瓜受NaCl胁迫影响较以黑籽南瓜为砧木的嫁接黄瓜要小。因此,中国南瓜"360-3×112-2"杂交种具备黄瓜耐盐砧木品种的优良特性,可作为砧木品种在生产上应用。 相似文献
8.
为了解盐碱胁迫对黄瓜嫁接苗根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响,本研究以2种耐盐碱砧木‘华砧108’(T1)、‘神力铁木砧’(T2)和2种盐碱敏感砧木‘辉太郎’(S1)、‘京欣砧6号’(S2)为试材,自根苗作为对照,以混合盐(盐分摩尔比为NaHCO_3∶Na_2SO_4∶NaCl∶Na_2CO_3=4∶2∶2∶0.15)浓度为100 mmol·L~(-1)、pH 9.0的处理液处理20 d、30 d、40 d(定植30 d、40 d、50 d),利用PCR-DGGE技术,研究了盐碱胁迫对不同砧木嫁接的黄瓜幼苗根际土壤微生物群落结构和丰度的影响。结果表明,耐盐碱的砧木品种T1、T2根际土壤真菌DGGE图谱条带数显著高于盐碱敏感的S2和自根苗对照CK,并且耐盐碱的品种T2土壤细菌的Shannon-Wiener指数与均匀度指数均显著高于盐碱敏感的品种S1、S2和自根苗对照CK。耐盐碱品种T1的细菌16S rDNA基因拷贝数在定植50 d时显著高于盐碱敏感的品种及自根苗;在定植40 d时,耐盐碱的砧木T2真菌ITS基因拷贝数显著高于盐碱敏感的品种以及黄瓜自根苗;定植50 d时,耐盐碱的砧木真菌ITS基因拷贝数显著高于盐碱敏感的品种,但与自根苗差异不显著。不同耐盐碱性砧木嫁接黄瓜幼苗根际土壤微生物群落结构组成和丰度存在差异。以上研究表明,随着盐碱胁迫时间的增加,耐盐碱性不同的砧木嫁接苗根际土壤微生物群落丰度与结构多样性产生了较大差异,间接改变了土壤微生态环境,致使土壤微生物数量和丰富度也发生改变。耐盐碱的砧木品种可能通过改善土壤微环境来加强其自身的耐盐碱特性。 相似文献
9.
采用直接解剖分离法和粉碎筛分法分离香蕉根结线虫,并利用滤液和蒸馏水(对照)在室温和26℃恒温培养箱中培养,研究香蕉根结线虫卵的分离和孵化情况。结果表明:1)粉碎筛分法具有简单、快速的特点,能较快获取所需线虫卵的悬浮液;2)26℃恒温培养卵孵化率比室温条件下孵化率高,且用滤液培养的卵孵化率高于蒸馏水培养的孵化率。3)在26℃恒温条件下加入滤液和蒸馏水培养10 d,卵的孵化率分别为84.21%和58.36%;室温条件下培养10 d,线虫的孵化率分别为43.22%和27.55%。4)粉碎筛分法是一种较简单的从香蕉根中分离得到根结线虫卵的方法,且在26℃用滤液培养10 d能使多数线虫卵孵化。 相似文献
10.
黄瓜嫁接苗生长状况、光合特性及养分吸收特性的研究 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：16
以黑籽南瓜和西葫芦为砧木 ,分别与津优 1号及农城 4号黄瓜嫁接 ,对形成的 4种嫁接苗和相应的自根苗的生长状况、光合特性及养分吸收特性进行了研究。结果表明 ,黄瓜嫁接苗的根系发育好 ,重量大 ,最大侧根长度长 ;根 /冠比大 ,壮苗指数高 ,秧苗生长健壮 ;叶片中叶绿素含量高 ,光合速率大 ;吸收氮磷钾的能力强。 相似文献
11.
In order to identify key adaptive traits which affect productivity in Mediterranean grain and forage legumes and simultaneously determine the agricultural potential of a wide range of Vicia species, germplasm collected from the wild throughout the eastern Mediterranean was grown under semi-arid conditions in Tel Hadya, Syria (313 mm growing season rainfall). These included species currently in use in Mediterranean agriculture, such as V. sativa L., as well as those more widely used in the past-such as V. ervilia L., but also a broad selection from Section Narbonensis (B. Fedtsch. ex Radzhi) Maxted, including V. narbonensis L, V. johannis Tamamsch., V. hyaeniscyamus Mout., V. serratifolia Jacq., and V. kalakhensis Khattab et al. V. faba, a near relative of the taxa in Section Narbonensis, was included as a domesticated control. Where applicable, a representative range of subspecies was used. Accessions were chosen from a wide range of habitats in terms of latitude (31.02–40.72 decimalo), longitude (27.1–43.17 decimalo), altitude (20–1510 m), rainfall (180–1700 mm/yr) and soil depth (5–50 cm) in order to maximise diversity within species. Agricultural potential was determined by measuring seed, hay and biological yield, as well as agronomic traits such as harvest index, standing crop height, and seed size. The comparative influence of phenology and key agronomic traits such as plant habit and seed size on productivity varied tremendously between species, depending on their reproductive strategies. In V. sativa and V. ervilia, the smaller seed species which rely on long vegetative phases and growing seasons to accumulate sufficient biomass to set seed, and in which there was comparatively little agronomic variation, phenology had a large impact on yield. In early emerging taxa such as V. ervilia and V. s. subsp. sativa, with built-in long vegetative phases and growing seasons, seed yield was negatively correlated with flower ing (r = –0.86 to –0.88), whereas the opposite was the case for later emerging taxa such as V. s. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (r = 0.95). Within V. narbonensis and relatives, the larger seeded Vicia species which rely on more conservative reproductive strategies where high seedling vigour associated with large seeds enables the species to enter reproductive phases relatively early, phenology had a much smaller impact on yield than did variation of key traits such as seed weight, plant habit and pod shattering. Among the undomesticated germplasm harvest indices ranged from 0.09–0.31, hay yields from 0.1–3.4 t/ha, seed yield from 0–2.0 t/ha, and dry matter at maturity from 1.6–6.5 t/ha. Sub-specific taxonomy was crucial in determining agronomic potential. V. narbonensis var. aegyptiaca Kornhuber ex Asch. et Schweinf. showed the most potential, combining an upright habit, large seeds (212 mg) and tendency to retain intact pods after maturity, with the highest yield, harvest index and crop height of all the wild Vicia species. V. sativa subsp. sativa, V. ervilia and V. narbonensis var. narbonensis were less productive, but still showed agricultural potential. The smaller seeded V. narbonensis, var. affinis, var. jordanica H. Schäf. and var. salmonea (Mout.) H. Schäf., and their close relatives V. johannis, V. hyaeniscyamus, V. serratifolia and V. kalakhensis have little to offer Mediterranean agriculture on the basis of poor agronomy. 相似文献
12.
13.
The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha-1 year-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha-1 year-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments. 相似文献
14.
Massimo Romani Efisio Piano Luciano Pecetti 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(4):341-349
Despite a raising interest on turfs in Italy, all theavailable varieties of this kind in the Country are of foreign origin, and areoften poorly adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. This prompted tobegin a collection activity of indigenous turfgrass species, with the ultimategoal of identifying promising materials for future breeding based on localgenetic resources. The collection was carried out in three areas of Italy, viz.the northern Po Plain, the coastal region of Liguria, and the island of Sardiniathat are characterised, respectively, by subcontinental, warm temperate, andtypical Mediterranean climate. Altogether, 141 sites were visited, yielding 226accessions belonging to eight species of potential interest for turfs:Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis,Festuca rubra, Festuca arundinacea,Lolium perenne, Agrostis stolonifera,Agrostis tenuis, and Cynodon dactylon,this last being a warm-season grass. Poa pratensis andCynodon dactylon were mostly collected in northern Italyand Sardinia, respectively, whereas Festuca arundinacea andLolium perenne were rather ubiquitous. The collection sitesranged from 0 to 1040 m asl, but sites over 750 m wereonly visited in the inner part of Sardinia. All the accessions, collected aswhole plants, were transplanted at Lodi, northern Italy, where they are beingevaluated. Their preliminary evaluation for traits of importance for turf use,such as sward colour and overall quality, highlighted the great variation andthe occurrence of interesting accessions in all species. Other characters wererecorded, bearing specific importance in individual species, and in all casespromising accessions were identified. The germplasm of Festucarubra, Festuca arundinacea, and Loliumperenne proved highly infected by endophytic (symbiotic) fungi of thegenus Neotyphodium. 相似文献
15.
Garnett Erin Jonsson Lena M. Dighton John Murnen Katherine 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2004,40(6):421-426
We investigated the influence of three concentrations of water extracts of three leaf litter species (pitch pine, huckleberry and white oak) and a mixture of all litters on the germination of pitch pine seeds and initial seedling growth in a microcosm experiment. All three plant species are important components of the pine barrens ecosystems in New Jersey, where it has been seen that pine seedling recruitment occurs only after stand replacing fire or in disturbed sites, where surface organic soil horizons and leaf litter have been removed. Leaf litter extracts did not influence seed germination, but significantly reduced seedling growth at high concentrations. There was little difference between the leaf litter species in growth suppression. As charcoal is a natural residue on the forest floor following fire, its influence on growth suppression was examined; it has been shown to immobilize polyphenols. Charcoal removed the inhibitory effect of leaf litter extracts and allowed the fertilizer effect of nutrients leached from the leaves to enhance seedling growth, particularly at the higher concentration of litter extract used. Responses to litter extracts were compared to four pure phenolic compounds, catchecol, p-coumaric acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and tannic acid. None of these compounds suppressed pine seedling growth, suggesting that these phenolics are not allelopathic to pine seedlings. The results are discussed in the context of fire as a driving factor in these oligotrophic and seasonally dry ecosystems and the interactions between nutrient supply and allelopathic chemistry of different leaf litters. 相似文献
16.
Effects of mixing radiata pine needles and understory litters on decomposition and nutrients release 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Girisha K. Ganjegunte Leo M. Condron Peter W. Clinton Murray R. Davis 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2005,41(5):310-319
A microcosm experiment was conducted to understand the impacts of mixing radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) needle litter and understory (gorse—Ulex europaeus L., broom—Cytisus scoparius L., bracken—Pteridium aquilinum L., and lotus—Lotus pedunculatus L.) litter materials on decomposition and nutrient release dynamics. Mixing of pine needle litter with understory litter material had significant impacts on both the rate of decomposition and nutrient release patterns of pine litter as well as that of the understory species. Incubation in microcosms over 10 months resulted in significantly lower mass loss of radiata pine needle litter mixed with broom and lotus litters (35.8±8.4 and 41.3±0.8%, respectively) than pure pine needle litter (63.5±2.3%). Mixing with pine needle litter significantly increased the mass loss of broom (53.1±6.1%) compared to that of pure broom (30.2±1.0%). Significant transfers of nutrients, especially of magnesium and potassium, were observed in litter mixture treatments. Concentration of K in litter materials was found to be the most limiting factor for the decomposing microorganisms in the present study. The findings of this study suggest that management of understory litter composition via weed control could be used to manipulate carbon turnover and nutrient release in the forest floor. Also, initial selection of understory species will be important and could be managed. 相似文献
17.
The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia and among 3 allied genera Clematoclethra, Saurauia, and Sladenia have been very controversial. In order to understand the systematic implication of foliar trichomes in those genera, the micromorphological characteristics of foliar trichomes from 34 taxa were examined by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The observed micromorphological characteristics were classified into eight main types. A phylogenetic analysis of Actinidia and related genera based on 15 micromorphological characters of foliar trichomes was conducted using Wagner parsimony method and Sladenia celastrifolia, Rhododendron hybridum and R. simsii as a complex outgroup. In the resulting phylogenetic tree, Actinidia is shown to be a monophyletic group, and Clematoclethra and Saurauia form another monophyletic group. This study also presents the phylogenetic relationships among 4 sections within the genus Actinidia: the monophyly of sect. Leiocarpae and of sect. Strigosae, and polyphyly of sect. Maculatae and of sect. Stellatae. 相似文献
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M. A. Paula S. Urquiaga J. O. Siqueira J. Döbereiner 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,14(1):61-66
Summary Sweet potatoes were micropropagated and then transplanted from axnic conditions to fumigated soil in pots in the greenhouse. Spores of Glomus clarum were obtained from Brachiaria decumbens or from sweet potatoes grown in soil infected with this fungus and with an enrichment culture of Acetobacter diazotrophicus. Three experiments were carried out to measure the beneficial effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi-diazotroph interactions on growth, nutrition, and infection of sweet potato by A. diazotrophicus and other diazotrophs obtained from sweet potato roots. In two of these experiments the soils had been mixed with 15N-containing organic matter. The greatest effects of mycorrhizal inoculation were observed with co-inoculation of A. diazotrophicus and/or mixed cultures of diazotrophs containing A. diazotrophicus and Klebsiella sp. The tuber production was dependent on mycorrhization, and total N and P accumulation were increased when diazotrophs and G. clarum were applied together with VAM fungal spores. A. diazotrophicus infected aerial plant parts only when inoculated together with VAM fungi or when present within G. clarum spores. More pronounced effects on root colonization and intraradical sporulation of G. clarum were observed when A. diazotrophicus was co-inoculated. In non-fumigated soil, dual inoculation effects, however, were of lower magnitude. 15N analysis of the aerial parts and roots and tubers at the early growth stage (70 days) showed no statistical differences between treatments except for the VAM+Klebsiella sp. treatment. This indicates that the effects of A. diazotrophicus and other diazotrophs on sweet potato growth were caused by enhanced mycorrhization and, consequently, a more efficient assimilation of nutrients from the soil than by N2 fixation. The possible interactions between these effects are discussed. 相似文献
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André Kretzschmar 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1988,6(3):252-261
Summary Earthworm burrow systems have been simulated by modelling, from field observations, five main characteristics of burrow units: density (number of burrows per unit volume), mean length, angular orientation, middle coordinates and diameter. The functional properties of the burrow systems have been analysed using structural parameters, i. e. number of full perforations, mean available burrow surface and minimal burrow spacing, and by estimating the shortest pathway through the burrow system. The simulations are used to study the effects of each of the main characteristics on structural parameters and the shortest pathway. This work reveals that the specific role of density is to lead to a threshold by determining an optimal horizontal distance, and that the mean length governs the vertical critical dimension of the system. These simulations may be applied to explain the nature of field burrow systems. 相似文献