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1.
竹粉/聚丙烯发泡复合材料加速老化性能的研究 总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1
为改善木塑复合材料密度大、韧性差的缺陷,采用注塑法制备竹粉/聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)发泡复合材料;同时为加强木塑材料的生产和质量管理,采用氙灯加速老化方式,研究老化对发泡复合材料力学性能、材色、流变性能的影响,并采用环境扫描电镜(environmental scanning electronic microscopy,ESEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)对材料进行分析。结果表明:历时1 200 h氙灯加速老化后,材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和缺口冲击强度的保留率仅分别为79.4%、68.3%和75.6%;产生的色差ΔE*和白度变化值ΔL*分别为49.0和48.4。频率扫描结果显示,老化后,复合材料的模量和黏度下降。ESEM显示,老化后材料表面出现孔洞和裂缝,且部分竹粉暴露在材料表面。FTIR结果表明,老化过程中,复合材料发生了光氧化降解反应。该研究可为进一步探索竹塑发泡复合材料的老化规律,制定产品标准提供试验数据和理论参考。 相似文献
2.
竹粉热处理改善竹粉/聚丙烯复合材料的防霉性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为改善竹粉/聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)复合材料的防霉性能,该文通过对竹粉进行热处理,处理温度为150~190℃、处理时间为60~240 min,研究热处理对竹粉化学成分、失重率及吸湿性的影响,测试热处理竹粉对竹粉/PP复合材料颜色、力学性能、表面润湿性及防霉性能的影响。结果表明:随着热处理温度的升高和热处理时间的延长,竹粉综纤维素含量逐渐降低,木质素含量逐渐增加,失重率增大,吸湿性降低;与未热处理的竹粉/PP复合材料相比,热处理复合材料的色差最大值为7.54,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别下降9.79%和5.37%,但表面润湿性降低,防霉性能增强,防霉被害值由3.75降至2.25,防霉效力为40%。该研究结果可为防霉型竹(木)塑复合材料的研发和应用提供试验数据和理论参考。 相似文献
3.
冻融循环老化降低竹粉/聚丙烯发泡复合材料性能 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
竹粉/聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)发泡复合材料具有密度低、比强度高等优点,为了探讨期老化规律,该文研究冻融循环对不同竹粉含量(0,20%,33%和42%)的发泡复合材料的材色、物理力学性能、热学性能的影响,并结合环境扫描电镜(environmental scanning electronic microscopy,ESEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)对复合材料的表面形貌及化学结构进行分析。结果表明:随着竹粉含量增加,冻融循环老化对复合材料的材色和物理力学性能影响越明显,且随着冻融循环次数的增加,复合材料产生的色差越大,力学性能降低越多。9次冻融循环后,0、20%、33%和42%竹粉/PP发泡复合材料产生的色差ΔE*分别为0.9、2.4、7.0和9.9,弯曲模量、弯曲强度、拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度的保留率分别为95.2%~99.1%、97.3%~98.9%、94.9%~97.5%和92.0%~95.6%。热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TG)结果表明,9次冻融循环老化后,0和33%竹粉/PP发泡复合材料的初始热分解温度分别下降了19和8℃。ESEM显示,老化后复合材料表面出现少量的裂纹以及褶皱,且少量的表层高分子层脱落。FITR测试结果发现,冻融循环过程中复合材料的木材指数减少,表明材料表面的竹粉颗粒损失,且基体PP的基团峰强度减弱。该研究可为进一步探索竹塑发泡复合材料的老化规律,制定产品标准提供试验数据和理论参考。 相似文献
4.
为提高稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的耐水性能,拓宽其应用范围。利用含氢硅油改性竹粉和铝酸锶荧光粉表面,熔融共混,注塑成型的方法制备稀土荧光竹塑复合材料。通过接触角测量仪、荧光分光光度计、电子万能试验机、扫描电镜等仪器研究含氢硅油改性对复合材料接触角、吸水性能、发光性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明：未改性复合材料表面具有亲水性,改性复合材料表面具有疏水性。相比于未改性复合材料,改性复合材料的吸水率和吸水厚度膨胀率较低。经11 d水浸泡,改性复合材料的相对发光强度下降28.82%显著低于（P＜0.05）未改性复合材料的46.40%,改性复合材料的发光性能耐水性更好。随着浸水时间的延长,复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度均下降并趋于稳定,冲击强度先增大后减小,然后趋于稳定,与未改性复合材料相比,改性复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度的下降率较低（P＜0.05）,改性复合材料的力学性能遇水更稳定。扫描电镜显示,改性复合材料中荧光粉和竹粉在基体中分散较均匀、团聚减少、界面黏合强度改善。复合材料经含氢硅油改性后,游离羟基数量减小,羟基吸收峰向低波数移动,在1 387.75 cm-1处出现Si-CH3的特征吸收峰,表明含氢硅油与竹纤维和荧光粉表面羟基发生了化学反应,研究结果对提高稀土荧光竹塑复合材料的耐水性具有实际意义。 相似文献
5.
竹粉/不饱和聚酯复合材料力学性能与断面图像特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明粒径对竹粉/不饱和聚酯复合材料力学性能的影响以及力学性能与拉伸断面图像特征之间的关系,采用平板模压法制备了竹粉/不饱和聚酯复合材料并测试了其力学性能,应用局部二元模式直方图的傅立叶特征算法提取复合材料拉伸断面电子显微镜图像特征。结果表明:与20～30目竹粉比较,>30～40目竹粉/不饱和聚酯复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度与弯曲模量分别提高32.9%、34.4%、25.4%;>100～120目的复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度与弯曲模量则比>30～40目的分别降低10.6%、20.8%、12.9%;200目竹粉/不饱和聚酯复合材料的拉伸强度与弯曲强度比>100～120目的分别提高11.7%与18.3%。不同粒径竹粉复合材料拉伸断面图像特征存在差异,具有相似力学性能的复合材料断面图像纹理特征有一定相似性。本文通过拉伸断面图像特征来表征复合材料微观形貌与力学性能的差异,为建立复合材料断面微观形貌与力学性能之间的定量关系提供参考。 相似文献
6.
竹粉接枝改性提高竹塑复合材料的力学性能 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为提高竹粉与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-1,4-环己烷二甲醇酯（polyethylene terephthalate glycol,PETG）基体的界面结合力,拓宽其应用领域,该论文以2-溴异丁酰溴修饰过的竹粉为大分子引发剂,FeCl3·6H2O/三苯基膦为催化体系,抗坏血酸为还原剂,采用电子活化再生原子转移自由基聚合法在竹粉表面接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,并通过红外光谱分析竹粉改性前后的表面化学基团变化。利用熔融共混、模压成型方法制备竹粉/PETG 竹塑复合材料。研究了竹粉接枝前后竹塑复合材料的弯曲性能,考察了竹粉改性对竹塑复合材料动态热力学性能的影响,并利用环境扫描电镜对竹粉/PETG 复合材料冲击断面进行观察。研究结果表明：接枝前后竹粉的红外光谱的显著变化证实了接枝反应的发生,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethyl methacrylate,PMMA）成功地接枝到竹粉表面;与未改性的竹粉相比,改性后竹粉填充PETG复合材料的弯曲性能有较大提高,如竹粉质量分数为30%复合材料改性后弯曲强度提高了16%;动态热机械分析可知,竹粉经改性后其复合材料玻璃化转变温度和损耗角正切均有所降低,且在升温过程中仅出现一个损耗峰,表明竹粉表面接枝的PMMA可以充当竹粉与PETG的增容剂;环境扫描电子显微镜显示,竹粉经接枝改性后,竹粉能均匀分散在PETG基体中,竹粉与PETG基体之间的相容性得到了有效改善,界面结合良好。研究结果对通过竹粉表面处理提高竹粉/PETG竹塑复合材料的性能有重要的实际意义。 相似文献
7.
竹粉/聚丙烯发泡复合材料的增韧效果 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：0
为研发可代替聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)应用于汽车内饰件的木塑复合材料,减少白色污染,节约化石能源,同时提高木塑复合材料的附加值,拓宽其应用领域。该文以注塑法制备竹粉/聚丙烯发泡复合材料,并分别采用乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(polyolefin elastomer,POE)和马来酸酐接枝POE(maleic anhydride grafted polyolefin elastomer,POE-g-MAH)增韧复合材料。研究了增韧填料对发泡复合材料力学性能的影响,用环境扫描电镜(environmental scanning electronic microscopy,ESEM)对复合材料的冲击断面进行观察,并进行了频率扫描的动态流变测试。结果表明:添加POE和POE-g-MAH在略微降低材料拉伸和弯曲强度的同时,可明显提高材料的缺口冲击强度,二者最佳用量分别为15%和8%;8%POE-g-MAH增韧的复合材料的缺口冲击强度为8.55kJ/m2,提高了35.7%,可很好地应用于汽车内饰件。ESEM显示,增韧后,复合材料的断裂形式转变为韧性断裂。动态频率扫描结果显示,POE对复合材料流变性能的影响较小,而POE-g-MAH增韧的复合材料的储能模量和复数黏度明显增大,且"第二平台"现象更为明显。 相似文献
8.
四种植物纤维粉/聚丙烯复合材料应用性能 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
为了充分利用农作物及农业废弃物中的植物纤维,研究环境友好材料,研究了4种植物纤维粉/聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲弹性模量等力学性能,并对其吸水和热变形性能进行了分析。结果表明：麦秆粉与稻壳粉混合纤维粉填充聚丙烯时,复合材料有较好的性能;稻壳粉、混合纤维粉及松木粉分别填充聚丙烯复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度相差不大;竹粉填充聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能较低,吸水性及加热后尺寸变化率较大,综合性能较差。稻壳粉与聚丙烯相容性较好,竹粉和松木粉与聚丙烯的相容性较差。稻壳粉、混合纤维粉能与聚丙烯制备性能较好的木塑复合材料。 相似文献
9.
增容剂改善茶粉/聚乳酸生物质复合材料性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为降低聚乳酸的生产成本、拓宽其应用范围和高值化利用茶产业剩余物资源,以茶粉(tea dust,TD)为填料,聚乳酸(polylactic acid,PLA)为基体,经密炼、注塑工艺制备了环境友好型TD/PLA复合材料。以过氧化二异丙苯(dicumyl peroxide,DCP)为引发剂,通过熔融反应制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚乳酸(glycidyl methacrylate grafting PLA,GMA-g-PLA),用傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrum,FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H-NMR)对其进行了表征,并以GMA-g-PLA为增容剂,考察了其添加对TD/PLA复合材料力学性能、界面形态、热性能及吸水性能的影响。结果表明,FTIR和1H-NMR分析证实了GMA成功地接枝到了PLA上。GMA-g-PLA的添加明显改善了TD与PLA的界面相容性,提高了TD/PLA复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性,降低了吸水率。在GMA-g-PLA添加质量分数为10%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳,与未增容TD/PLA复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度及缺口冲击强度分别提高43.8%、42.1%和24.1%,拉伸模量和弯曲模量提高26.5%和10.4%,断裂伸长率提高26.1%。该研究结果可为进一步探索茶塑复合材料界面改性规律及制备聚乳酸基复合材料,提供试验数据和参考。 相似文献
10.
适量木炭粉改善环氧树脂复合材料热/力学性能 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了充分利用木材炭化物,扩大其在复合材料等方面的应用范围,该文采用炭化后的木粉(木炭粉)和环氧树脂,通过模压工艺制备了木炭/环氧树脂复合材料。借助扫描电镜、万能材料试验机、动态热机械分析仪和维卡软化点测量仪等研究木炭粉质量分数对木炭/环氧树脂复合材料弯曲性能、冲击强度、动态力学性能以及耐热性的影响。在环氧树脂中,环氧树脂、反应性稀释剂和固化剂质量比为3∶2∶5;在木炭/环氧树脂复合材料中,木炭粉质量分数分别为0,5%,10%,20%,30%和40%。复合材料固化温度和时间分别设定为100℃和3 h。结果表明,添加木炭粉能有效增强环氧树脂力学性能:与纯环氧树脂相比,弯曲强度和冲击强度最高增加了278%和135%。动态力学性能结果证实随着木炭粉质量分数的增加,复合材料的储能模量和玻璃化转变温度(Tg)也逐渐增加。此外当木炭粉质量分数从0增加到40%时,复合材料的耐热性逐渐提高;维卡软化点从81.2℃提高到274℃。研究结果为,当木炭粉质量分数在10%时,环氧树脂/木炭复合材料具有较佳的力学性能和较好的耐热性能,为木炭在复合材料领域中的应用提供有益的借鉴。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
15.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
16.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
19.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
20.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献