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1.
Ellen M. Burnett 《Pest management science》1970,1(2):70-72
Cattle were treated thrice weekly for 12 weeks with simulated backrubbers impregnated with 1% solutions of pesticides in mineral oils. Both coumaphos and methoxychlor applied in S.A.E. 50 oil induced maximum residues of 0–21 ppm in omental fat after 12 weeks treatment. Application of DDT in S.A.E. 50 oil or in used crankcase oil induced residues of 0·5–7 ppm DDT in omental fat after 12 weeks treatment. Where diesel fuel oil was the vehicle, DDT residues in omental fat were in the range 17–26ppm. 相似文献
2.
Various components of the aquatic ecosystem of Tuttle Creek Reservoir on the Big Blue River in northeastern Kansas were examined for organochlorine insecticide residues in 1970-71. Components examined were water, sediments, periphyton, zooplankton, insects, and whole-body samples of 10 common fish species. Only dieldrin and sigmaDDT residues were detected. Dieldrin was found in part of the nonfish samples at levels ranging up to 0.01 ppm and in 97 percent of the fish samples with a high level of 0.17 ppm. SigmaDDT residues were also detected in part of the nonfish samples at levels ranging up to 0.42 ppm, and in 98 percent of the fish samples at levels as high as 0.57 ppm. Authors' findings are roughly similar to those of other surveys of Kansas fishes. All levels are relatively low compared with those reported in surveys from other parts of the Nation. 相似文献
3.
The total mercury contents of the skin and flesh fractions of potatoes from 87 commercial crops grown in England were in the range 0.0–0.08 ppm with the majority in the range 0.01–0.04 ppm. 相似文献
4.
Organochlorine and heavy metal residues were determined in 103 shorebirds of seven species collected at Corpus Christi, Texas, during the winter of 1976-77 to evaluate their potential effects on population survival, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in most samples. Chlordane isomers, dieldrin, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide also occurred, but less frequently. In general, organochlorine residues were low in skinned carcasses. Geometric means on a wet weight basis ranged from 0.25 ppm to 4.76 ppm for DDE and from 0.67 ppm to 6.64 ppm for PCBs; residues of the other compounds averaged less than 1 ppm in all instances. Mercury, lead, arsenic and vanadium occurred in all shorebird livers, and selenium and cadmium were detected in all kidneys. Residues of these metals, except selenium, were low in most tissue samples. Selenium averages varied from 1.77 ppm to 5.62 ppm (wet weight) in kidneys; residues in this range may be sufficient to inhibit reproduction or to induce other forms of toxicity, especially at the higher levels. 相似文献
5.
Results are presented for the determination of organochlorine insecticide residues in grain, pulses and nuts sampled on arrival in Britain during the 2½ years up to June 1969. BHC was detected in nearly every sample but the general level was low, most samples containing less than 0·1 ppm. DDT was found less frequently. Very few samples contained more than 1 ppm of either insecticide. DDE in trace amounts was found in about 10% of the samples of grain and nuts and TDE was found in one sample of grain. The only other organochlorine compounds detected were aldrin in one sample of pulses and hexachlorobenzene in 7 samples of wheat. 相似文献
6.
A preliminary monitoring program was initiated in 1972 to determine ethylenethiourea (ETU) content of the Canadian food supply. Of 167 samples analyzed, 90 were domestic and 77 were imported. Samples were analyzed by electron-capture/gas-liquid chromatography. Thirty-three percent of the samples contained detectable ECU residues; most of these were 0.020 ppm or less. Highest levels, 0.047 and 0.083 ppm, were found in canned spinish and orange peel respectively. 相似文献
7.
Plictran (tricyclohexyltin hydroxide, Cy3SnOH) residues in Stark Delicious apples and Passacrassana pears were determined. Field applications were carried out 7, 16 and 28 days before harvest. The analyses were carried out by two procedures: selective determination of the various Sn forms and determination of total Sn. The final spectrophotometric determinations were made as inorganic Sn using dithiol reagent. Average data obtained for apples were from 0.26 to 0.32 ppm of Sn (0.84–1.00 ppm Cy3SnOH) and for pears from 0.12 to 0.30 ppm of Sn (040–0.99 ppm Cy3SnOH). A residues half-life of 5–6 weeks for the apples and of 2 weeks for the pears was found. 相似文献
8.
Monitoring activities were initiated in 1971 to survey the occurence and levels of organochlorine insecticide residues in bovine milk and manufactured milk products in Illinois. Dieldrin residues were the most prevalent, and were found in 96 percent of the samples. Dieldrin also accounted for the highest average residue concentration (0.09 ppm). Only 0.3% of the samples contained illegal insecticide residues. Levels of DDT and lindane were generally declining, but those for dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide tended to remain constant. 相似文献
9.
Field and laboratory trials with tricyclohexyltin hydroxide (Cy3SnOH) acaricide, were carried out on two varieties of grapevine, to examine the influence of residues on the must fermentation. Laboratory tests showed that Cy3SnOH inhibits fermentation, for a period up to 2-5 days, only at very high concentrations (0.75-6.75 ppm). After this time, fermentation always starts again, so that in field tests, no delay in fermentation resulted. Analytical values for tin residues, obtained spectrophotometrically by using the catechol violet complex, showed residues to be quite high in musts from grapes treated 6 days before vintage (0.50–0.98 ppm Sn ? 1.63–3.14 ppm Cy3SnOH), but very low in musts from grapes treated 30 days before vintage (0.04–0.07 ppm Sn ? 0.13-0.25 ppm Cy3SnOH). It was also demonstrated that the acaricide and its degradation products go to the bottom with the lees during fermentation. 相似文献
10.
H M Ohlendorf J B Elder R C Stendell G L Hensler R W Johnson 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1979,13(3):115-119
Chicks of great blue herons (Ardea herodias) from four heronaries located near South St. Paul, Royalton, and Wabasha, Minnesota, and La Crosse, Wisconsin, were analyzed for organochlorines, Highest mean wet-weight concentrations, 6.43 ppm PCBs. 1.31 ppm DDE, and 1.90 ppm sigma DDT, were found in the South St. Paul chicks. Among chicks from the other three heronries, most levels were similar, but were significantly lower than levels in South St. Paul chicks. Lowest mean organochlorine levels, 0.37 ppm DDE, 0.38 ppm sigma DDT, and 0.22 ppm PCBs, were found in chicks from Royalton. All birds from South St. Paul and La Crosse contained residues of DDT and TDE whereas only one of the 10 birds from Royalton contained DDT and one contained TDE residues. Five of the 12 birds from Wabasha contained DDT; eight contained TDE. Except for PCB residues in La Crosse heron chicks, the rate of organochlorine residue accumulation in the birds was generally less than the rate of dilution caused by growth. 相似文献
11.
The dissipation of quinalphos on the main and spring crops of cauliflower sprayed at a rate of 250 g a.i./ha was studied. The residues of the insecticide were estimated in the samples taken at various intervals by using gas-liquid chromatography and the TLC-enzyme inhibition technique. Quinalphos residues took about 7 and 4 days to reach a level lower than 0.25 ppm on the curds of the main and spring crops, respectively. The oxygen analog of quinalphos was also detectable, in negligible amounts. About 95% of the insecticide degraded on the cauliflower within 8 days. Repeated applications of the insecticide did not result in any build-up of the residues. 相似文献
12.
Muscle, liver, brain, and abdominal body fat samples of goats, buffalo, and chickens, all common meat sources in India, were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for residues of DDT and benzene hexachloride (BHC). A few samples of goat and buffalo bone marrow were also included. Relatively high residue levels were found in body fat and bone marrow compared with other tissues. DDT and BHC residue levels were highest in chicken body fat, averaging 4.157 ppm sigma DDT and 3.879 ppm BHC. DDT content was much higher in goat and buffalo bone marrow than in the corresponding body fat. DDT levels in brain samples were highest (0.138 ppm) in buffalo. p,p'-TDE levels were higher than p,p'-DDE levels in buffalo; overall DDT levels were lowest in goats. BHC residues were generally low in buffalo; alpha-BHC accounted for most BHC residues in brain tissues. Greater accumulations of DDT and BHC were found in leg muscles than in breast muscles of chickens. 相似文献
13.
Twenty-six composite samples of fish were collected during 1978 from United States watersheds near the Great Lakes and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related organic chemicals. PCB mixtures resembling Aroclor 1254 were found in all samples, and mixtures resembling Aroclor 1242 (or 1016) were found in 77 percent of the samples. Total PCB concentrations in the whole-fish composite samples ranged from 0.13 to 14.6 ppm; 65 percent of the samples contained more than 2 ppm PCBs. DDT and its metabolites were found in all samples. sigma DDT concentration was 1.66 ppm, and 81 percent of the samples contained less than 1.0 ppm sigma DDT. Chlordane ranged from less than 0.001 to 2.57 ppm in 38 percent of the samples. Hexachlorobenzene was found in 65 percent of the samples, ranging from less than 0.005 to 0.447 ppm. Other chemicals identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes, chlorostyrenes, chlorophenols, and chlorinated aliphatic compounds. Fish from the Ashtabula River (Ohio), Rock River (Ohio), and Wabash River (Indiana) contained extremely complex residues of chlorinated and other organic chemicals. 相似文献
14.
Elizabeth Findlay 《Pest management science》1972,3(2):169-174
Over the period 1968/70 147 samples of raspberries and 124 samples of strawberries were analysed for organochlorine insecticide residues. DDT was found in 30% of the samples but only one sample contained as much as 1.4 parts/million. No residues were detected in the raspberries during the last year of the survey which coincided with the discontinued use of DDT on this crop. 184 of the above samples were also analysed for residues of organophosphorus insecticides and the fungicide dichlofluanid. Malathion was found in one sample of raspberries. Approximately 40% of the strawberries contained detectable amounts of dichlofluanid and its metabolite with combined residues ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 parts/million. Only two samples of raspberries contained residues of either dichlofluanid or its metabolite. It is considered that the residues of these various pesticides should not present a hazard to consumers. 相似文献
15.
Dorothy C. Smith 《Pest management science》1971,2(2):92-95
A total diet, representative of a Canadian's daily food intake was formulated, grouped by types of food, and prepared as for eating. Analysis of these composites for residues showed eleven organochlorine but no organophosphorus pesticides. Residues were low and would yield an average total daily intake of 24μg/person/day. The level of arsenic was determined on one-quarter of the samples and was found to be consistently below 0.1 ppm. 相似文献
16.
BACKGROUND: The correlation between pesticide residue levels and formulation of an active substance is often not considered, even if it is reasonable to expect some differences arising from behaviour during dilution and spraying, from adhesion to plant and from degradation. An experimental study to investigate the magnitude of tebuconazole residues as a function of different tebuconazole formulated products was carried out in Italy. The fungicide was applied as wettable powder (WP) and water‐dispersible granule (WG) formulations to peach, plum, apricot and nectarine orchards, on four different sites. The fruit samples gained from the field trials were quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography with a nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC/NPD) for tebuconazole residues. RESULTS: Tebuconazole residues in the fruits gained from the plot treated with the WP formulation, 14 days after application, were in the range 0.01–0.07 mg kg?1, while corresponding residues in the plot treated with the WG formulation were in the range 0.01–0.06 mg kg?1. CONCLUSION: No significant differences in the residue levels of tebuconazole could be observed between the trials conducted with the WP and the WG formulation. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
D W Johnston 《Pesticides monitoring journal》1975,9(2):79-88
Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide burdens, especially those of DDT and its metabolites, have been determined for 19 species of small terrestrial migratory birds killed chiefly at Florida television towers from 1964 to 1973. All 128 samples were sorted into pools by species. All pooled samples except one contained DDE and often DDT and DDD; dieldrin was present in 60 of the samples; but no PCB's were detected. In small subsamples, sigma DDT (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD, and p,p'-DDE) residues sometimes differed between males and females, adults and immatures, and northbound and southbound migrants but results of these comparisons were inconclusive. Sigma DDT burdens were highest in adipose tissue and much lower in liver and brain samples. Especially among birds taken since 1970 have the pesticide levels in adipose tissue been at low levels, generally less than 3 ppm sigma DDT. These low quantities are comparable to those quoted in other reports on birds of similar trophic levels. The insectivorous and/or partly granivorous birds feeding on or near the ground tended to have higher sigma DDT levels than did the more arboreal species. 相似文献
18.
A procedure has been developed for the analysis of crops and soils for residues of trifenmorph (N-trityl-morpholine) molluscicide and its breakdown product triphenylcarbinol (TPC). Samples were extracted with 20% by vol. acetone in petroleum ether and the efficiency of the extraction was established using radiochemical techniques. The extracts were subjected to column chromatography on basic alumina columns to separate trifenmorph from the TPC. The residues were converted to trichloroethyl ether derivatives followed by clean-up by column chromatography on silica gel and analysis of down to 0·02 ng by gas-liquid chromatography. Blank values were generally 0·01–0·02 ppm, recoveries were on average about 80% and were limited to this value by the yield of the etherification reaction. The storage stability of the residues at —10°c was satisfactory. 相似文献
19.
Keith A. Scudamore 《Pest management science》1987,18(1):33-53
Two alternative cold solvent extraction mixtures, (a) light petroleum distillate (40–60°C boiling range) + 0.1-M hydrochloric acid (2+3 by volume) and (b) acetone + water (5+1 by volume), were examined for their effectiveness in extraction of residues of bromochloromethane, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride and 1,1,2-trichloroethylene from cereal grains and rape seed. Apparent recoveries of fumigants from spiked solutions or spiked commodity extracts were generally in the range 90-105%, acetone + water giving the higher results. For most fumigated samples extracted shortly after treatment, comparative results obtained for the two extraction mixtures were similar to those obtained for spiked extracts and this, together with rapid rates of extraction, suggested that almost complete extraction from the commodities had been obtained. However, the rate of extraction of residues from aged samples using either solvent mixture was often slow, with extraction continuing well beyond the recommended standing periods. Agreement in results obtained was significantly improved by standing for longer periods, in order that equilibrium of residual compounds between commodity and solvent could be reached. However, low results were obtained using light petroleum distillate + hydrochloric acid to extract all four fumigants from rape seed and bromochloromethane from oats. It is recommended that the effectiveness of the solvent mixture selected for extraction of this type of volatile residue from cereal grains is carefully checked, especially when determining residues in aged samples or samples of unknown history. 相似文献
20.
A procedure is described for the colorimetric determination of promecarb as 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol in tissues using 2,6-dichlorpbenzoquinone-4-chlorimine as the chromogen. Cattle were exposed to either 1, 3, 5 or 8 spray applications of a 0·2% promecarb emulsion at 3-day intervals or were fed promecarb at 2 ppm or 20 ppm daily in the diet for 20 days. All animals were slaughtered 30 h after final exposure. Of the animals in the spraying trial, residues in omental fat ranged from 0·9 ppm to 1·5 ppm promecarb and 0·4 ppm to 1·9 ppm 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol. Residues in perirenal fat ranged from 0·8 ppm to 1·9 ppm promecarb and 0·9 ppm to 1·6 ppm 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol. Residues in diaphragm muscle did not exceed 0·06 ppm. In the feeding trial, the maximum residues induced were 2·2 ppm promecarb and 1·4 ppm 3-methyl-5-isopropylphenol in omental fat of an animal fed for 20 days on a diet containing 20 ppm promecarb. 相似文献