共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 151 毫秒
1.
采用常规石蜡切片法和Olympus SZX-16体视显微镜,观察了龙眼叶瘿蚊虫瘿的结构和发生发育过程。结果表明:龙眼叶瘿蚊雌成虫将卵产于维管组织附近,幼虫孵出后取食刺激,导致虫瘿的形成,随着幼虫的发育,虫瘿个体逐渐增大,瘿室外周组织发生分化,从外到内大致可分为外层、厚壁层和内薄壁细胞层;根据虫瘿组织的变化分期,结合解剖学特征,虫瘿的发育过程可分为虫瘿初始形成期、成长分化期、成熟期以及开裂期4个阶段;虫瘿的内部结构包括表皮层、保护层、营养层和虫室,其中外层对龙眼叶瘿蚊幼虫和蛹的安全生长提供保障,营养层主要成分是内薄壁细胞,为幼虫的生长发育提供食物来源。 相似文献
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荔枝泥蜂透翅蛾的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
荔枝泥蜂透翅娥是过去国内未有记录的荔枝和龙眼的重要害虫,其幼虫为害树干,影响植株生势,严重的致树干枯干或整株死亡。此虫在海南岛一年发生一代,以幼虫越冬。个体发育期不一致,成虫和卵发生于3—11月,蛹发生于2—11月,幼虫终年均可发现。成虫羽化高峰期出现于3—4月。本文记载了它的生物学特性和形态,并对防治方法提出了建议。 相似文献
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《广东茶业》2015,(3)
目的:探明茶窗蛾的生活史及其习性,为防控此虫提供依据。方法:于茶园剪回有茶窗蛾幼虫的筒形叶苞枝梢,插在细口瓶中水培,置于有机玻璃器中饲养观察。结果:茶窗蛾在江西婺源一年发生6代,以蛹在表土落叶中越冬。翌年3月中旬成虫开始羽化产卵,卵第一代散产在茶芽或初展嫩叶尖端,2~6代产在叶正面(含叶边缘)。1~6代幼虫于3月下旬至5月上旬、5月中旬至6月上旬、6月下旬至7月中旬、7月下旬至8月中旬、9月上旬至9月中旬、10月上旬至11月上旬发生。幼虫卷筒形叶苞潜藏为害,每虫一生一般害嫩叶4~6片。各虫态历期为:卯5.0~1 3.7d、幼虫9.1~27.9d、预蛹1.6~3.7d、蛹8.3~1 3.9d、越冬蛹135.0~1 55.0d。成虫寿命3-3~10.3d。结论:茶窗蛾以幼虫卷叶苞为害,一年发生6代。 相似文献
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成安县１９９４年棉铃虫发生概况及原因分析王书魁河北成安县植保站０５６００７１９９４年棉铃虫的发生特点是发生期偏早，蛾卵量一代比一代多，虫情分布不均，发育不整齐、历期长，五代幼虫能入土化蛹。１各代棉铃虫发生概况１．１第一代棉铃虫为轻发生。其越冬代蛾、卵... 相似文献
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洪雅县茶树黑刺粉虱的发生规律及防治措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
一、发生规律
1．茶树黑刺粉虱在洪雅县一年发生4代,以第4代老熟幼虫在茶树叶背越冬;翌年3月份化蛹,4月初成虫羽化,越冬代成虫盛发期在4月上旬;第1代幼虫于4月中旬开始发生。第1代到第4代幼虫盛发期分别在4月下旬至5月上旬、6月中下旬、7月下旬至8月上旬、9月上中旬。 相似文献
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亚洲玉米螟化性类型的初步研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文对自然发生的亚洲玉米螟的一代越冬型和二代越冬型的滞育后发育历期和临界光周期等进行了初步研究。结果表明，在26℃、16小时光照条件下，一代越冬幼虫的滞育后发育历期是：雌虫54.88±1.14天，雄虫53.59±1.42天．二代越冬幼虫的滞育后发育历期是：雌虫28.14±0.99天，雄虫28.47±1.24天。一代越冬型的冬蛹重为0.0757±0.0036克，二代越冬型的冬蛹重为0.0593±0.0021克。在26℃条件下，一代越冬型的临界光周期为14小时30分钟．二代越冬型的临界光周期为13小时40分钟。在26℃、15.50小时光照条件下，一代越冬型的发育历期是：幼虫17.7284±0.2664天，蛹8.3276±0.9930天，二代越冬型的发育历期是：幼虫15.9500±0.2235天，蛹重7.7129±0.1102天．经分析认为，公主岭地区自然发生的亚洲玉米螟存在一化性类型和二化性类型，这两种化性类型具有明显的差异，可以区分开．对此项内容的深入研究有助于解决亚洲玉米螟大发生预测预报和综合防治的疑难问题。 相似文献
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大豆豆秆黑潜蝇(Melanag romyza sojae Zeh)属双翅目,潜蝇科,是大豆重要害虫之一,该蝇在本地区范围发生普遍而严重。豆秆黑潜蝇生活习性隐蔽,卵、幼虫、蛹都在植株组织内生活。一年可发生四代,世代交叉重叠,常难于截然划分。大豆品种、生育期不同,直接影响成虫产卵选择性和幼虫发育,以蛹在豆秆内越冬,翌年6月上旬陆续羽化,卵多产于叶片反面近基部主脉两侧叶组织内。幼虫孵化后从叶组织向支脉潜行,然后蛀入主秆 相似文献
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芒果壮铗普瘿蚊是严重危害厦门市道路绿化行道树芒果的一种虫害,以老熟幼虫、蛹在秋、冬梢上越冬,在翌年4-5月芒果树大量抽春梢时为害新叶。通过对芒果树的物候期观测,采用冬季修剪减少越冬虫量的同时,改变芒果树的物候,促使提前抽梢,避开壮铗普瘿蚊羽化高峰期,并结合化学药剂综合防治,取得良好效果。 相似文献
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《作物研究》2017,(5)
从野外采集红珠凤蝶的老熟幼虫,进行室内繁殖以及室内室外饲养,对卵、幼虫各龄期、蛹以及成虫的生物学特性以及幼虫各个龄期的主要形态特征进行观察和记录,同时在实验过程中探究了温度对红珠凤蝶卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期的影响,并计算出发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明:(1)红珠凤蝶在长沙地区1年发生4~5代,以蛹越冬;(2)幼虫各个龄期的头宽、体长以及形态特征有差异;(3)25±1℃温度条件下,红珠凤蝶完成一代的历期为49.3 d,此时卵的孵化率和幼虫存活率有最高值,分别为98.2%和96.8%;(4)发育起点温度,卵5.9±1.8℃,幼虫9.8±2.0℃,蛹5.7±1.6℃,总有效积温664.0℃,最适发育温度25℃。 相似文献
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通过田间调查和室内试验测定了绿额翠尺蛾（Thalassodes. proquadraria Inouce）的产卵选择性。结果表明：绿额翠尺蛾在荔枝树的四周嫩叶上均能产卵，在东、南、西、北4个方位上产卵量显著高于中位的产卵量；绿额翠尺蛾的卵散产，通常一片叶只有一粒卵；卵主要产在荔枝嫩叶长度为7～36 mm的叶尖上，其中长度为12～21 mm叶上的产卵量最多；雌成虫对不同寄主植物有很强的选择性，在荔枝、龙眼、芒果和莲雾4种寄主植物上，荔枝上的卵量显著多于其余3种寄主植物；绿额翠尺蛾雌成虫产卵对荔枝品种也有很强的选择性，在妃子笑、三月红、无籽、风霜、丁香5个荔枝品种上，最喜产卵于妃子笑和丁香上，而在三月红和风霜上的卵量很少。研究结果可为该虫进一步的监测和防控提供理论基础。 相似文献
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Temperature-dependent development of Ascotis selenaria (Denis et Schiffermüller) was studied in the laboratory. Time to egg eclosion decreased with increasing temperature and ranged from 17.4 d at 16 °C to 5.0 d at 30 and 32 °C. Total development times of larvae decreased from 54.7 d at 16 °C to 17.3 d at 32 °C. The development time of pupae ranged from 29.7 days at 16 °C to 10.2 days at 30 and 32 °C. Eggs, larvae and pupae did not develop successfully to the next stage at 12 and 35 °C. The estimated lower temperature thresholds were 10.4, 9.3, and 9.8 °C for eggs, larvae, and pupae, respectively. Thermal constants of egg, larvae, and pupae were 88.5, 370.4, and 188.7 DD, respectively. Stage emergence models for eggs, larvae, and pupae of A. selenaria were constructed by using the development rate model (Lactin 2 function) and development distribution model (three-parameter Weibull function), which simulate the proportion of individuals shifted from one stage to the next. Pearson's correlation coefficients between actual observations in the field and model outputs were statistically significant with 0.99, 0.68 to 0.87 and 0.96 to 0.98 for egg, larval and pupal stage emergence model, respectively. The egg stage emergence model could be used to facilitate spraying time as it successfully predicted the first instar larval population. Predictability of the pupal stage emergence model was greatly improved when the physiological age of overwintering pupae was assumed to be in various state. The stage emergence models developed here should be useful to construct an A. selenaria population model. 相似文献
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非洲茉莉是一种广泛栽植于我国亚热带地区、观赏价值很高的观叶植物,其叶片常遭致瘿昆虫的为害而形成卷叶型虫瘿,严重影响其观赏价值。研究卷叶型虫瘿的形态结构特征,可为阐明植物与虫瘿的关系及对虫瘿的控制提供参考依据。本研究调查了海南省儋州地区栽植的非洲茉莉叶片受到卷叶型虫瘿为害的情况,并对非洲茉莉卷叶型虫瘿叶片的形态结构和卷叶型虫瘿内的昆虫形态特征进行了研究。结果表明:非洲茉莉卷叶型虫瘿的致瘿昆虫主要为钝鬃滑管蓟马,主要发生在幼叶上。按非洲茉莉叶片的被害情况和卷叶型虫瘿的形态,将卷叶型虫瘿分为5个受害等级。钝鬃滑管蓟马主要发生在非洲茉莉幼嫩叶片的快速生长时期,其特征为叶片明显变厚、细胞变大、叶片向上弯曲成U形,造成该性状的主要原因是叶片中各组织的细胞大小不一致造成的。本研究结果对进一步开展非洲茉莉叶片虫瘿的形成机制研究以及开展致瘿昆虫的综合控制研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Fenthion (organophosphate) was used in Australia to target adults, eggs and larvae of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Wiedmann (Diptera: Tephritidae) in deciduous fruits. With its removal from use in 2015, clothianidin and thiacloprid (neonicotinoids) were evaluated for any adulticide, ovicide or larvicide (eggs, larvae) activity against Medfly in a series of laboratory and field-cage experiments in peach and nectarine. We included fenthion in all experiments as a positive control. As an adulticide, fenthion had the greatest residual toxicity on fruit, with 7 d old residues killing 44% of adults within 48 h compared to thiacloprid (17%) and clothianidin (30%). When applied as a larvicide to naturally infested peaches, none of the insecticides was 100% effective, though fewest pupae (1.18 ± 0.19 pupae/fruit) (indirect measurement of larval survival) were produced when treated with fenthion, followed by clothianidin (3.40 ± 0.33 pupae/fruit) and thiacloprid (6.88 ± 0.34 pupae/fruit); with 11.35 ± 0.30 pupae/fruit in control (water). In peaches treated 48 h post-infestation, fenthion was most effective in reducing numbers of pupae and adult emergence and with higher percentage of deformed adults, with thiacloprid=clothianidin. In nectarines treated 48 h post-infestation, fenthion was most effective in reducing numbers of pupae and adult emergence as well as with higher percentage of deformed adults, followed by clothianidin. Insecticides were least effective when applied as a preventative 24 h or 7 d prior to infestation, with fenthion more effective than clothianidin. Whilst our study shows that neither clothianidin nor thiacloprid are equivalent to fenthion, they are acceptable substitutes to growers for use for Medfly in deciduous fruits given that fenthion is no longer available to growers in Australia. We recommend that growers incorporate other controls to target the adult stage rather than rely only on new insecticides. 相似文献
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尺蛾在荔枝园的发生特点及防控策略 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
尺蛾是近年来危害荔枝枝梢的一类重要害虫。其种类主要有粗胫翠尺蛾(Thalassodes immissaria Walker)、间三叶尺蛾(Sauris interruptaria Moore)、青尺蛾(Anisozyga sp.)、油桐尺蛾(Buzura suppressaria Guenée)和绿额翠尺蛾(Pelagodes proquadraria Inoue)等。该类害虫1年多代,其中油桐尺蛾1年3~4代,其它4种尺蛾1年7~8代,四季均有发生,以幼虫大量取食新梢嫩叶、花穗及幼果,以夏秋梢受害最重,大发生时可将整株树的嫩梢嫩叶吃光,对荔枝生产威胁很大。笔者总结了荔枝主要尺蛾的分布与危害、形态特征差异、生活习性以及发生规律和防控策略,并提出了一些研究设想和建议。 相似文献
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The rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a leaf-feeding pest and the physical and chemical nature of the rice leaf affects its feeding, survival and fecundity. We examined changes in the survival rates of larvae and pupae, pupal weight and the number of eggs laid by adult females developed from a resistant variety (Huaidao 9) and a susceptible variety (Yangjing 9538) in hydroponic solutions containing different concentrations of magnesium (Mg). The concentration of Mg in the hydroponic solution significantly affected the survival rates of the larvae and pupae, the pupal weights and the numbers of eggs laid. Larval survival rates on the resistant variety were significantly higher for fourth instars exposed to 60 and 80 ppm Mg and pupae exposed to 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm Mg than those for the control treatment (without Mg). For the susceptible variety, survival rates of first, second and third instars were significantly higher at high concentrations of Mg than those under control conditions. In addition, the number of eggs laid by adult females increased with increasing Mg concentrations, though there was a slight decrease at 80 ppm compared to 60 ppm. These results indicate that Mg is beneficial to the development, survival and fecundity of C. medinalis. They further suggest that high levels of nitrogen fertilizer in rice fields favour outbreaks of this pest because application of nitrogen elevates the chlorophyll content and Mg levels in the rice leaf. 相似文献
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杀虫剂对二化螟卵寄生性天敌稻螟赤眼蜂室内安全性评价 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在实验室条件下测定了6类13种杀虫剂对二化螟卵寄生性天敌稻螟赤眼蜂的直接和间接影响。喷雾法处理稻株不同时间后,噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼、氟铃脲对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂存活和雌蜂产卵寄生基本没有不利影响,氟虫腈、噻虫嗪、毒死蜱、三唑磷对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂存活有极明显不利影响,成蜂接触用药处理2 d和7 d稻叶的死亡率分别为100％和800%~98.9%。用氟虫腈、三唑磷处理7 d的稻叶对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂寄生能力无不利影响,而噻虫嗪处理有显著影响。采用卵卡浸渍法测定药剂对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂影响的结果表明,吡虫啉、三唑磷、氟虫腈、毒死蜱能显著影响F0代成蜂存活、寄生及F1代成蜂羽化。采用浸渍法处理内含卵期、幼虫期、预蛹期、蛹期稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生卵时,噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼对成蜂羽化没有不利影响,羽化率达81.4%~91.8%;氟铃脲对蛹、甲维盐对卵和蛹、噻虫嗪对卵也基本没有不利影响,这些药剂对其他虫态有不同程度的影响;甲胺磷、吡虫啉、三唑磷、氟虫腈、毒死蜱、异丙威、敌敌畏等对稻螟赤眼蜂成蜂羽化有极明显不利影响。说明昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮、虫酰肼、呋喃虫酰肼对稻螟赤眼蜂没有直接和间接的不利影响,因而使用这些药剂防治水稻害虫时,它们对起自然控制作用的稻螟赤眼蜂是友好的。 相似文献
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茶黄蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis)Hood是华南茶树上的重要害虫。一年可发生10—11代。5—10月份,11—21天便可完成一代,虫口高峰出现在9—10月,无明显越冬,成虫寿命7—25天,若虫期1—2龄4—10天,预蛹和蛹期2—6天;每雌产卵量平均35—62粒。成虫活跃,无趋光性,对黄色板和绿色板有正趋性。大叶种茶树虫口数量较多。少雨、干燥有利此虫发生。及时分批采摘和用高效灭百可或速灭杀丁6000倍液、喹硫磷1000倍液、水胺硫磷1500倍液对防治本虫有较好效果。 相似文献