共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为探明菊苣不同来源、不同类型种植材料的表型变异特征及其原因,通过变异系数、相关性、聚类和主成分分析对80份菊苣属材料表型性状进行多元统计分析。结果表明,1)不同菊苣种质资源的形态学特征存在广泛的变异,3级生殖枝数变异幅度最大,变异系数为31.11%;2)菊苣形态学特征间存在显著相关性,叶片宽大类型的菊苣种质,植株高、生殖枝多、茎秆粗壮,但单个花序小花数少;3)聚类分析表明,不同菊苣种质资源可划分为3个形态类型,即窄叶匍匐型、中等宽叶直立型和阔叶直立型;4)主成分分析表明,不同材料间和类型间的差异主要来源于叶片大小、株高和小花数、小花直径。 相似文献
2.
斑茅种质资源形态性状的变异研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了揭示不同斑茅（Erianthus arundinaceum）种质形态学特征多样性和变异程度,确定适合作为能源植物开发的斑茅种质,本研究对斑茅种质资源的11个形态学特征变异性进行了研究。结果表明,（1）不同斑茅种质资源的形态学特征存在广泛的变异,其中：茎粗变异幅度最大,变异范围为8.86～37.36 mm,变异系数高达49.66%;其次为旗叶长和倒二叶宽,两者变异系数分别为45.10%和44.20%。（2）斑茅形态学特征间存在显著相关性,斑茅种质的株高越高,茎秆越粗壮,茎节数越多,花序数量越多,反之亦然。（3）聚类分析表明,不同斑茅种质资源可划分为三大类,源自不同地区的斑茅材料,形态相似的材料基本聚为一类。 相似文献
3.
《中国草地学报》2016,(3)
以30份苦荬菜种质材料为研究对象,对11个表型性状进行相关性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析,结果表明:(1)不同苦荬菜种质资源表型特征存在广泛变异,其中三级生殖枝数变异幅度最大(38.04%),生殖枝高度和小花数次之,叶长变异幅度最小(11.87%),不同类型间以野生材料变异幅度最大(46.37%);(2)苦荬菜各性状间显著相关,叶片长又宽的苦荬菜其茎秆粗壮,植株高大,花序长,二级和三级生殖枝数多;(3)聚类分析表明,不同苦荬菜种质资源可划分为4组,第1组与第2组属于叶匍匐型,第3组属于中等宽叶直立型,第4组属于阔叶直立型;(4)主成分分析显示,前3个主成分累计贡献率达71.904%,不同材料间差异来源主要是株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、小花数。 相似文献
4.
野生鸭茅植物学形态特征变异研究 总被引：15，自引：7，他引：8
对25份野生鸭茅种源进行植物学特征变异性研究,结果表明:1)不同种源鸭茅的植物形态学特征存在广泛变异。其中,种子千粒重变异最大;旗叶长度、花序形状次之;穗叶距、花药宽度、旗叶宽度等性状变异中等;而花序长度、株型、叶宽、种子长度变异最小。2)鸭茅植物形态学特征间存在明显相关性,花序直立、紧缩的鸭茅,叶片窄长,茎秆粗壮,旗叶较长,雄性生殖器官发育良好,结种性能强;而花序下垂、开展的鸭茅则与之相反。3)聚类分析表明,不同野生鸭茅种源可划分为3类,其中花序下垂种源聚于一类;而花序直立的种源分居另两类。4)从形态学特征及相关农艺性状分析,花序直立的鸭茅更具开发利用潜力。 相似文献
5.
《中国草地学报》2017,(3)
对内蒙古不同生态区收集的22份野生山韭的株高、株丛直径、叶长、叶宽、单株叶片数、花序高度、花序宽度、小花数目、花葶长度、花梗长度、种子长、种子宽、种子厚和种子千粒重等14个表型性状进行观测,采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法进行了遗传多样性分析,以期筛选出适合内蒙古地区推广应用的优良种质,为山韭育种提供依据。结果如下:1)山韭种质表型性状变异程度较高,变异系数范围为11.9%~41.8%,其中叶片宽变异系数最大,种子厚最小,14个表型性状材料间的差异除叶片宽和单株叶片数达到显著(P0.05)水平,其余差异不显著;2)14个表型性状可归为5个主成分因子,累计贡献率达81.360%,可以反映14个表型性状的绝大部分相关信息,其中株高、种子长、种子宽、种子千粒重、叶片宽和单株叶片数等性状是造成表型性状差异的主要因素;3)14个表型性状间存在显著或极显著的相关性。4)采用欧氏距离系统聚类法可将22份山韭材料分为4大类,地理类别和性状相似的种质大部分能够聚为一类。 相似文献
6.
中国假俭草种质资源主要性状变异及其形态类型 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
对中国59份假俭草的11个重要经济性状进行统计分析,并对其形态类型加以聚类分析。结果表明:1花序密度变异系数高达76.9%,是所测性状中变异范围最大者,叶长次之,变异系数为31.3%,结实率、草层高度以及生殖枝高度变异系数分别为23.0%、18.0%及22.1%,变异范围为25.0%～74.8%、14.3～33.2cm及5.8～17.0cm;百粒重、叶宽、花序长、花序小花数以及节间长度变异幅度相对较小,分别为15.1%、14.6%、12.5%、12.5%及11.4%,其中以节间直径最小,仅为4.7%;2生殖枝高度和花序密度随着纬度的增加,呈显著增高和极显著增加趋势,而其它性状未出现显著变异规律;3节间直径与叶宽呈极显著正相关;草层越高,生殖枝愈高,节间愈长愈粗,而生殖枝愈高,花序愈长,节间愈长,花序密度也愈大,结实率愈高;4在欧氏距离11.2处,可将供试草种分为营养繁殖型和种子繁殖型两大类型,前者花序密度低,结实率低,叶片较长,而后者花序密度高,结实率较高,叶片则较短。 相似文献
7.
对15份紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种质的14个形态学性状进行研究, 结果表明,1）不同种质紫花苜蓿的植物形态学特征存在广泛变异,其中以分枝数变异最大(32.58%),荚果长(27.21%)次之,而小花长变异最小(10.47%);2）变异系数与主成分分析结果显示,分枝数、荚果长、主枝侧枝数、花序长和荚果数5个性状是造成紫花苜蓿种质表型差异的主要因素;3）以14个形态性状为基础的聚类分析将供试的15份种质材料分为两类。形态学变异研究可为种质育种奠定一定的基础。 相似文献
8.
为了解不同草原生态区域扁穗雀麦(Bromus catharticus Vahl.)的形态变异及其亲缘关系,对17份种质材料的27个形态性状进行测定和分析。结果显示:其形态遗传变异较高,变异系数范围在9.13%～54.76%之间,变异系数较大的性状有小穗数、分蘖数、分枝着生小穗数、叶片长、秆直径、分枝长和株高等;变异系数较小的性状有穗节数、小穗轴节间长、小穗长、外稃长、内稃长、叶舌长、内稃宽、花药长、第二颖脉数、外稃宽等。叶片宽、分枝长、穗长、叶片长、秆直径、株高、小穗含小花数、小花数、小穗宽、花药长、小穗轴节间长等11个指标对总变异的贡献最大。并对27个性状进行了分类和性状间相关性聚类研究,17份材料聚类分析展示了不同材料间的亲缘关系。此形态变异研究为深入研究种质资源及育种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
9.
菊苣种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用正交施肥试验设计与大样本取样,于2007年对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子产量及其构成因子进行研究,并通过相关分析、通径分析及回归分析,明确影响种子产量的主要因子和提高种子产量的主要因子,以期了解并掌握相应的关键技术。结果表明:菊苣的花序数、生殖枝数和种子产量主要受水肥条件控制;每株生殖枝数、每株花序数和千粒重是影响菊苣种子产量的主要因素,其回归模型为Y=-13.8887+1.73862X2+0.00241X3+21.7579X6;提高每株生殖枝数和每株花序数是菊苣种子高产的关键技术措施。 相似文献
10.
结缕草属植物生殖性状的遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用2份生殖性状存在差异的结缕草(Z136)和中华结缕草(Z039)相互杂交,获得正反交F1分离群体,应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型分析方法对F1群体的花序密度、生殖枝高度、花序长度、每穗小穗数、小穗长度、小穗宽度、小穗长度/宽度进行遗传分析,以初步明确这些性状的遗传特性。结果表明,1)在调查的7个性状中,正反交杂交后代中每一个性状的变异范围均超出了双亲的变异范围,不同性状的变异系数差异较大,花序密度的变异系数最大,其次为生殖枝高度和每穗粒数,小穗长度和宽度的变异最小,花序长度的变异居中。2)花序密度、生殖枝高度、小穗长度和小穗长/宽正反交后代的观测值存在显著差异,可能有母体遗传效应,花序长度、每穗粒数和小穗宽度正反交后代间的观测值无显著差异。3)花序密度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型为存在2对主基因控制的遗传模型,生殖枝高度、花序长度和小穗宽度正反交后代群体的最佳遗传模型均为A-0模型,即无主基因模型。每穗粒数正交为1对主基因的遗传模型,反交为无主基因模型,小穗长度的正交为无主基因模型,反交为1对主基因模型。小穗长/宽正交的最适遗传模型为B-1模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性-上位性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为42.72%,反交群体的最适遗传模型为B-2模型,即2对主基因的加性-显性遗传模型,主基因遗传率为98.81%。 相似文献
11.
对兰州地区10个紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)品种的开花物候期、花部特征、花粉-胚珠比、花粉活力和种子产量性状等生殖生物学特性进行研究,结果表明:各品种花期时间持续了近一个月,花粉-胚珠比为3171.79~5759.64,该物种的繁育系统属于专性异交类型;各品种的花粉活力差异较大,变化范围为50.56%~80.76%;各品种的花冠长度、花托直径、每花序小花数、每单枝花序数、总小花数等花部特征差异较大,而已弹花数百分比差异不显著;每花序结荚数、结荚率、种子数,以及每荚种子数、单位面积单枝数和单位面积种子产量等性状差异较大,而种子千粒重差异不显著;其中Defa、Derby、Sitel和Prime的花部特征、花粉-胚珠比和种子产量性状都优于其他品种。此研究为揭示紫花苜蓿有性生殖生物学特性和兰州地区紫花苜蓿种植提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
12.
S van der Beek A L Nielen Y H Schukken E W Brascamp 《American journal of veterinary research》1999,60(9):1106-1110
OBJECTIVE: To determine relative impact of genetic, common-litter, and within-litter factors on puppy mortality. ANIMALS: 2,622 Boxer puppies of 413 litters born during a 14-month period. PROCEDURE: For each puppy, pedigree was determined, and litter in which it was born was registered. Overall mortality and mortality per specific cause of death were analyzed by use of a model that included an additive genetic effect, common-litter effect, within-litter effect, and regression of mortality on inbreeding coefficient. Relative importance of the effects was determined from estimates of the variance in mortality explained by each factor. RESULTS: 22% of the puppies died before reaching 7 weeks old. Stillbirth was the most frequent cause of death, followed by infection. Most observed differences were attributable to within-litter factors, which explained 67% of the variance in death attributable to infection and < or = 96% of the variance in death attributable to asphyxia. Common-litter factors were more important than additive genetic factors. Variance attributed to common-litter factors ranged from 2% for cheiloschisis, palatoschisis, or cheilopalatoschisis to 30% for death attributable to infection, and variance attributed to additive genetic factors ranged from 0% for asphyxia to 14% for euthanatized because of white color. Inbreeding coefficient had a significant effect on death attributable to infection, which increased 0.26% for each percentage increase of inbreeding. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Additive genetic factors have less impact on preweaning mortality than common-litter factors, which in turn have less impact than within-litter factors. Mortality attributable to infection increases significantly with increases in inbreeding. 相似文献
13.
3种苜蓿形态特征及变异分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
以紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）,黄花苜蓿（M．falcata）和杂花苜蓿（M．varia）为试验材料,从形态学水平对苜蓿的遗传变异以及亲缘关系进行分析发现,不同品种的变异十分丰富,叶面积和叶宽具有较高的变异水平。相关性分析表明,除节间数和节间长度两个指标与叶形态指标没表现出相关性外,其他指标大多数都表现出显著的相关性;主成分分析表明,形态学性状的主要变异来源于叶宽、主茎长、节间数、节间长、叶型指数。不同类型苜蓿的总变异依次为：紫花苜蓿〉黄花苜蓿〉杂花苜蓿。 相似文献
14.
Samii VF Kyles AE Long CD Mellema LM Pollard RE Kass PH Hornof WJ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2001,218(7):1116-1119
OBJECTIVE: To determine interoperator variance in shunt fraction calculation. DESIGN: Case series. SAMPLE POPULATION: 101 transrectal portoscintigraphic studies. PROCEDURE: Results of dynamic portoscintigraphic studies were reviewed by 4 radiologists without knowledge of signalment, history, or medical profile. Results were judged to be negative or positive on the basis of the dynamic scan. Composite images were formulated, and hand-drawn regions of interest were determined for the heart and liver. Time-activity curves were generated, time-zero points were selected, curves were integrated during a 10-second interval, and shunt fractions were calculated. RESULTS: Radiologists were in agreement regarding positive versus negative results for 99 of 101 studies. Interoperator variance in shunt fraction calculation ranged from 0.4 to 59.6%. For 51 studies with positive results, variance ranged from 2.5 to 59.6% (mean +/- SD, 22.8 +/- 14.5%); differences among reviewers were significant. For 48 studies with negative results, variance in shunt fraction ranged from 0.4 to 25.9% (mean, 5.3 +/- 5.8%); significant differences among reviewers were not detected. Shunt fraction calculations were not exactly reproducible among radiologists in 94 and 100% of studies with negative or positive results, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that shunt fraction values are not reproducible among operators. Range in variability was greater in studies with positive results. This factor may be of particular clinical importance in reassessment of patients after incomplete shunt ligation. 相似文献
15.
广西省芒野生居群表型多样性研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过方差、聚类和相关分析等方法对分布在我国广西省芒的13个野生居群的18个叶片、茎秆、花序和小穗的表型性状进行居群内和居群间的遗传多样性研究。结果表明,18个表型性状在居群内和居群间均存在极显著差异,说明芒种群内表型性状变异较丰富且遗传多样性较高。表型分化系数的变幅为17.99%～47.21%,其中,叶片、茎秆、花序和小穗性状分别为38.01%,29.80%,32.84%和27.14%,所有性状均值为32.05%,说明芒表型性状的变异主要来源于居群内。UPGMA聚类结果表明,在阈值5.388处可以将13个居群分为4个类群,聚类结果表明,聚成一类的居群在地理位置上并不靠近。表型性状与地理因子的相关性分析表明,部分表型性状的变化与地理因子呈显著或极显著相关性。本研究结果为我国芒属能源植物在遗传改良以及野生资源的保护与利用等方面提供了可参考的理论依据。 相似文献
16.
Suber RL Kodell RL 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1985,14(1):23-30
The effects of three phlebotomy techniques - periorbital sinus puncture, tail vein incision and cardiac puncture - were determined on seven hematological parameters and seven clinical chemical parameters in female Sprague-Dawley rats. The mean erythrocyte count, leukocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit were reduced with cardiac puncture as compared to the other two techniques. There was a statistically significant increase in the variance of each of these parameters except the leukocyte count. The mean serum lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate animotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatinine were greater in samples collected by cardiac puncture than with the periorbital sinus and tail vein techniques. A statistically significant difference in variance was observed between the orbital sinus puncture and the cardiac puncture for each of these parameters. In all cases except lactate dehydrogenase, the values from the orbital sinus and tail vein techniques were comparable for both hematology and clinical chemistry. A large variance was found by all three techniques for both alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the rat. Over 60% of the serum samples were hemolyzed from the cardiac puncture technique while approximately 25% of the serum samples from tail vein incision were hemolyzed. In this laboratory the lack of hemolysis and the lower variance make the periorbital sinus venipuncture technique the method of choice for collection of blood samples from rats. 相似文献
17.
M. Haile‐Mariam G.J. Nieuwhof K.T. Beard K.V. Konstatinov B.J. Hayes 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2013,130(1):20-31
The reliability of genomic evaluations depends on the proportion of genetic variation explained by the DNA markers. In this study, we have estimated the proportion of variance in daughter trait deviations (DTDs) of dairy bulls explained by 45 993 genome wide single‐nucleotide poly‐ morphism (SNP) markers for 29 traits in Australian Holstein‐Friesian dairy cattle. We compare these proportions to the proportion of variance in DTDs explained by the additive relationship matrix derived from the pedigree, as well as the sum of variance explained by both pedigree and marker information when these were fitted simultaneously. The propor‐ tion of genetic variance in DTDs relative to the total genetic variance (the total genetic variance explained by the genomic relationships and pedigree relationships when both were fitted simultaneously) varied from 32% for fertility to approximately 80% for milk yield traits. When fitting genomic and pedigree relationships simultaneously, the variance unexplained (i.e. the residual variance) in DTDs of the total variance for most traits was reduced compared to fitting either individually, suggesting that there is not complete overlap between the effects. The proportion of genetic variance accounted by the genomic relationships can be used to modify the blending equations used to calculate genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) from direct genomic breeding value (DGV) and parent average. Our results, from a validation population of young dairy bulls with DTD, suggest that this modification can improve the reliability of GEBV by up to 5%. 相似文献
18.
Genomic estimation of additive and dominance effects and impact of accounting for dominance on accuracy of genomic evaluation in sheep populations 
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下载免费PDF全文 N. Moghaddar J. H. J. van der Werf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2017,134(6):453-462
The objectives of this study were to estimate the additive and dominance variance component of several weight and ultrasound scanned body composition traits in purebred and combined cross‐bred sheep populations based on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker genotypes and then to investigate the effect of fitting additive and dominance effects on accuracy of genomic evaluation. Additive and dominance variance components were estimated in a mixed model equation based on “average information restricted maximum likelihood” using additive and dominance (co)variances between animals calculated from 48,599 SNP marker genotypes. Genomic prediction was based on genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), and the accuracy of prediction was assessed based on a random 10‐fold cross‐validation. Across different weight and scanned body composition traits, dominance variance ranged from 0.0% to 7.3% of the phenotypic variance in the purebred population and from 7.1% to 19.2% in the combined cross‐bred population. In the combined cross‐bred population, the range of dominance variance decreased to 3.1% and 9.9% after accounting for heterosis effects. Accounting for dominance effects significantly improved the likelihood of the fitting model in the combined cross‐bred population. This study showed a substantial dominance genetic variance for weight and ultrasound scanned body composition traits particularly in cross‐bred population; however, improvement in the accuracy of genomic breeding values was small and statistically not significant. Dominance variance estimates in combined cross‐bred population could be overestimated if heterosis is not fitted in the model. 相似文献