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1.
《中国油料作物学报》2017,(6)
选取20个产地的火麻籽油,分析了脂肪酸、甘油三酯、植物甾醇及生育酚等脂溶性活性成分的组成及含量。火麻籽油主要含有棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸五种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸含量89.4%~91.8%,多不饱和脂肪酸含量73.8%~80.5%;火麻籽油含有28种甘油三酯结构,含量最多的为三亚油酸甘油酯(LLL)、二亚油酸亚麻酸甘油酯(LLLn)、二亚油酸油酸甘油酯(OLL)三种甘油三酯。火麻籽油含有菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇、岩藻甾醇、α-1谷甾醇、环阿廷醇等6种植物甾醇,总甾醇含量为92.5~590.4 mg/100g,其中β-谷甾醇含量最高,占总甾醇含量的60%左右;火麻籽油含有α-、β-、γ-、ζ-四种生育酚,总的生育酚含量27.7~91.2mg/100g,其中γ-生育酚含量最高,占生育酚总量的90%左右。根据脂溶性活性成分含量差异,通过聚类分析将20个产地的火麻籽油分成5大类。 相似文献
2.
分析了我国不同产区不同品种亚麻籽的组成及体外抗氧化特性。结果表明,除基本组成成分外,不同品种亚麻籽主要活性组分含量和体外抗氧化活性具有显著差异。α-亚麻酸、木酚素、总酚酸、黄酮、生育酚、植物甾醇含量范围分别为33.42%~59.74%,120~918 mg/100g,209~491 mg/100g,33.04~75.63 mg/100g,8.68~20.75 mg/100g,340~596 mg/100g。亚麻籽提取物DPPH值和FRAP值分别为4 357~8 146 μmol Trolox/100g, 8 289~15058 μmol Trolox/100g。此外,不同品种亚麻籽抗营养因子生氰糖苷含量差异较为显著(5.57~11.34 mg HCN/100g)。相关性分析结果表明,亚麻籽提取物体外抗氧化活性与木酚素、总酚酸和黄酮含量具有显著相关性（p<0.05）。主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,亚麻籽主要酚类化合物及其抗氧化活性主要依赖于亚麻籽品种特性,而非种植区域。 相似文献
3.
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(3)
为考察微波预处理火麻籽(Cannabis sativa L.)对油的品质及抗氧化活性的影响,将火麻籽置于微波功率560W条件下预处理7min,冷却至室温后低温压榨制油。结果表明,微波预处理显著增加了油的酸价、过氧化值,降低了油的水分及挥发物含量,使油脂色泽变深,而脱壳处理可使色泽得到明显改善;火麻籽油中检出8种脂肪酸,其中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸是主要的脂肪酸,含量分别为13.88%、57.59%、16.33%,n-6/n-3脂肪酸为3.52∶1,是一种脂肪酸平衡合理的植物油;微波预处理不影响油的脂肪酸组成,使油中总酚含量增加1倍,总维生素E和植物甾醇含量分别增加41.99mg/kg和58.68mg/100g;微波预处理火麻籽显著改善了油的氧化稳定性,提高了油的抗氧化活性,与未经微波预处理的压榨火麻籽油相比,微波预处理后油的氧化诱导期延长了1.05h,DPPH自由基清除活力和FRAP总抗氧化能力分别增加8.46和81.85μmol/100g。表明微波预处理是一种适宜于提高火麻籽油品质的预处理方式。 相似文献
4.
[目的]分析了解辣木油中脂肪酸的组分和含量,更好地了解其用途和价值。[方法]以新鲜辣木果荚提取的辣木油脂为研究对象,对辣木油中脂肪酸和挥发性成分应用GC-MS技术进行定性定量分析。[结果]辣木油中检测出含有13种脂肪酸成分和16种挥发性成分,并且不饱和脂肪酸含量达到82.76%,还包括亚油酸、亚麻酸和DHA 3种人体不能合成的必需脂肪酸,这些都是单独使用辣木籽提油所没有的成分,但是其挥发性成分中检查出含有28.38%的硫化物,即十字花科植物主要的刺激性成分,如要对此油加以利用,需要将此成分除去。[结论]为辣木果荚和辣木籽混合提取的辣木油今后的深入研究和产业化开发提供了参考依据。 相似文献
5.
采用气相色谱法对我国青藏高原特有的野生油料作物微孔草种子油的脂肪酸和不皂化物进行分析。结果表明，其脂肪酸成分以不饱和脂肪酸为主，亚油酸、亚麻酸有较高的含量，三萜醇含有环阿屯酸及其衍生物，4-甲基甾醇以纯叶大戟甾醇和环桉烯醇为主，甾醇以菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇为主。 相似文献
6.
本文建立了采用高效液相色谱法同时检测火麻籽油中10种酚类物质的方法,10种单体酚检出限为0.05～0.12μg/mL,线性相关系数为0.9970～0.9998,回收率为85%～108%。检测了8份不同产地火麻籽油的总酚、总黄酮含量及体外抗氧化活性指标（DPPH、FRAP、ABTS+·）。总酚含量为1.20～17.35mg对香豆酸/100g,总黄酮含量为7.61～51.72mg柚皮苷/100g。DPPH清除能力为9.03～19.71mmol TE/100g,FRAP还原能力为13.12～30.09mmol TE/100g,ABTS+•清除能力为29.40～358.37mmol TE/100g。相关性分析表明,总酚含量与DPPH、ABTS+•清除能力和FRAP还原能力呈显著正相关;总黄酮含量与DPPH清除能力、FRAP的还原能力呈显著正相关。 相似文献
7.
为了分析香水莲花的植物甾醇含量并优化其超声提取工艺,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定香水莲花中菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇的含量,再以上述3种甾醇提取量为评价指标,对液料比、超声提取温度和超声提取时间进行单因素试验,在此基础上,再采用Box-Behnken响应面法优化香水莲花甾醇提取工艺并进行验证。结果表明,影响香水莲花甾醇提取量的主次因素是液料比>提取时间>提取温度,其最优工艺条件为以95%乙醇为提取溶剂、超声功率100 W、液料比30∶1（mL/g）、超声提取温度60 ℃、超声提取时间30 min;在最优工艺条件下进行验证实验,得出香水莲花中甾醇含量为菜籽甾醇64.61 mg/100 g、菜油甾醇40.77 mg/100 g、β-谷甾醇99.04 mg/100 g,总甾醇204.42 mg/100 g,综合评分与预测值相比差异不显著（P<0.05）。研究结果为香水莲花资源的开发和利用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
9.
国家油菜区试品系的主要营养品质及评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以50个2009/2010年度参加全国区试的油菜品系为试材,压榨取油后分别采用福林酚法测定菜籽多酚总量,高效液相色谱法测定维生素E、叶黄素、贝塔胡萝卜素含量,气相色谱法测定植物甾醇含量。结果表明,50个品系的菜籽多酚、维生素E、植物甾醇、叶黄素、贝塔胡萝卜素含量范围分别为8.02～61.90mg/100g、260.86～685.21mg/kg、608.23～1218.51mg/100g、36.09～170.07mg/kg、2.06～4.19mg/kg,平均值分别为40.17mg/100g、476.96mg/kg、879.82mg/100g、85.40mg/kg、2.54mg/kg。各品系间主要微量营养成分含量存在显著差异(p < 0.01)。通过因子分析建立了油菜品系的营养品质评价模型,利用该模型可将50个品系的营养品质分为2类。通过聚类分析和随机选取的另外8个品种样品的实测结果与评分结果,验证该模型具有可行性,用于油菜品种营养品质评价。 相似文献
10.
以高、中、低芥酸和硫甙含量菜籽为原料,微波和脱皮预处理后分别冷榨制油。结果表明,同一品种菜籽不同处理方式对基本品质并无影响,但油中植物甾醇和维生素E含量均存在明显差异,且含量大小依次为低芥酸低硫甙菜籽＞中芥酸中硫甙菜籽＞高芥酸高硫甙菜籽。利用SPSS (统计产品与服务解决方案,Statistical Product and Service Solutions)方差分析,探讨4种不同处理方式与3种不同原料对菜籽油中维生素E和植物甾醇的影响。结果表明,不同处理方式对双低菜籽油中α、γ维生素E和△5-燕麦甾醇影响差异显著,对菜籽甾醇、菜油甾醇和β-谷甾醇影响不显著;同一种处理方式下,不同原料对维生素E和植物甾醇都存在显著差异。微波处理后油中维生素E和植物甾醇含量最高,且低芥酸低硫甙菜籽更适宜通过微波处理提高油的品质。 相似文献
11.
《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2023,8(1):1-6
As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decide their development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oils were investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained as follows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for 79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively; (2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid (76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%); (3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed and herbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively); (4) the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritch oil); and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil (55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). The comparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritional values and health care functions. 相似文献
12.
Min Liu Xueyan Wang Yu Zhang Lin Xu Yan Liu Li Yu Fei Ma Xuefang Wang Zhiyong Gong Liangxiao Zhang Peiwu Li 《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2023,8(1):56-60
To reveal the characteristic chemicals of walnuts from different origins, we analyzed fatty acid composition,tocopherols, phytosterols and total phenolic content(TPC) of walnuts from three main producing regions in China. The results showed that walnuts were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the ratio of ω-6 to ω-3 fatty acids was close to the recommendation of Chinese Nutrition Society. Moreover, walnuts contain high contents of tocopherols(331.20–414.71 mg/kg), phytosterols(97.17–110.35... 相似文献
13.
Bryan R. Moser Shailesh N. Shah Jill K. Winkler-Moser Steven F. Vaughn Roque L. Evangelista 《Industrial Crops and Products》2009,30(2):199-205
The fatty acid profiles and tocopherol and phytosterol contents of crude oils of cress (Lepidium sativum L.) and field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) are reported, along with yields from the corresponding seeds. The physical properties of these oils were also determined, which included oxidative stability, kinematic viscosity, viscosity index, low temperature fluidity, specific gravity, acid value, lubricity, and iodine value. The oil content of dried cress and field pennycress seeds was 22.7 and 29.0 wt%, respectively. The primary fatty acids found in cress oil were oleic (30.6 wt%) and linolenic acids (29.3 wt%), whereas field pennycress oil was principally composed of erucic (32.8 wt%) and linoleic (22.4 wt%) acids. Cress oil contained high concentrations of γ- (1422 ppm) and δ- (356 ppm) tocopherols, whereas α-tocopherol (714 ppm) was the primary tocopherol discovered in field pennycress oil. The overall tocopherol concentrations of cress and field pennycress oils were 1799 and 851 ppm, respectively. The primary phytosterols elucidated in cress and field pennycress oils were sitosterol and campesterol, with avenasterol also present in significant quantity in cress oil. The total phytosterol concentration in cress oil (14.41 mg/g) was greater than that in field pennycress (8.55 mg/g) oil. Field pennycress oil exhibited excellent low temperature fluidity, whereas cress oil was more stable to oxidation and over a range of temperatures displayed lower kinematic viscosities as well as a higher viscosity index. The acid and iodine values of field pennycress oil were lower than those for cress oil, but both oils had excellent lubrication properties. 相似文献
14.
Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ryan E Galvin K O'Connor TP Maguire AR O'Brien NM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):85-91
The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols,
squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as
well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction
followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined
via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol,
ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined
in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g
in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains,
and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols,
and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable. 相似文献
15.
E. Maccarone B. Fallico F. Fanella G. Mauromicale S. A. Raccuia S. Foti 《Industrial Crops and Products》1999,10(3):453-237
The grain oils extracted from six genotypes of Cynara species: two globe artichokes (Cynara scolymus L.), two cultivated cardoons (C. cardunculus L. var. altilis DC.) and two wild cardoons (C. cardunculus L. var. sylvestris Lam.), were analysed in order to ascertain their alimentary value. Oil yield, moisture, acidity, peroxide number, UV spectrophotometry and CIE colour parameters, fatty acids, phytosterols and -tocopherol were determined by standard methods. Cynara species which are most promising in terms of quality and quantity of oil were the cardoons, especially those belonging to the wild cardoon genotypes. Triacylglycerols were the dominant constituents together with very little amounts of phospholipids and glycolipids. The high content of oleic and linoleic acids in a balanced ratio, and the low amount of free acids, peroxides, saturated and linolenic acids ensure a good alimentary quality. Distribution of phytosterols was typical of oil from grain of Asteraceae such as sunflower and safflower. Moreover the optimal -tocopherol content offers a guarantee of stability against oxidation. 相似文献
16.
贵州紫苏资源主要品质性状的分析与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明贵州紫苏资源的分布及材料间的品质差异,推动资源利用和育种,对274份来自贵州的紫苏资源进行归类整理,并对其中188份资源的主要品质性状进行检测与分析,结果发现紫苏资源广泛分布于全省境内,以黔南、黔西南和毕节市居多,占资源总数的55.11%。贵州紫苏的脂肪和蛋白质平均含量分别为36.69%和25.96%。在脂肪酸组分中,亚麻酸含量最高(平均59.27%)。相关性分析显示,含油量和蛋白质呈极显著正相关(r=0.43),亚麻酸与其它4种脂肪酸组分均呈极显著负相关(r=-0.70^-0.52)。通过聚类分析将资源可分为高脂-高蛋白-高亚麻酸、高脂-高蛋白-低亚麻酸、低脂-低蛋白、中等品质和超高脂-超高亚麻酸等5个类型。 相似文献
17.
花生油中的α-亚麻酸含量在不同种质资源中存在着差异,与籽仁的不同发育时期也密切相关。本研究通过生物信息学分析并利用RACE的方法,从萌发的花生子叶中克隆了一个参与花生α-亚麻酸合成的ω-3△15-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因,命名为AhFAD3A。利用荧光定量PCR分别比较分析了AhFAD3A和Ah FAD8基因在花生不同组织、籽仁发育不同阶段、萌发过程中的表达特征,结果表明:AhFAD3A基因主要在花期的叶片组织和根部、籽仁形成期表达,在其它发育阶段该基因的表达量比较低,证实该基因的表达与花生籽仁中α-亚麻酸的形成呈正相关;AhFAD8基因在花生的整个生育阶段的绿色组织中表达、非光合组织中几乎不表达。以上研究结果为进一步确定AhFAD3A基因的功能、表达调控及其与花生籽仁中α-亚麻酸形成的关系提供了研究基础。 相似文献
18.
Ricardo Ayerza Wayne Coates 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(2):1366-1371
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P < 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences. 相似文献
19.
Comparison of the seed oil of Moringa pterygosperma (moringa) and Sclerocarya birrea (marula) showed a marked difference in fatty acid composition and oxidative stability. Moringa, with 1000 ppm tocopherols, had an oil stability index (OSI) of 133 h at 110 °C while marula with 1000 ppm tocopherols yielded 37 h at 110 °C. This correlated well with the fatty acid composition of these two oils. Moringa had less than 1% polyunsaturates and marula had 6.7% of these oxidatively unstable materials. In addition, fatty acid compositions of seven species of moringa are presented. All of these species had levels of behenic acid ranging from 1 to 7% with oleic acid levels from 68 to 79%. The highest amount of polyunsatures was found in the moringa species was in Moringa drouhardii with 3.6%. 相似文献
20.
Studies were conducted on the properties of seeds and oil extracted from Maclura pomifera seeds. The following values (on a dry-weight basis) were obtained for M. pomifera seed, respectively: moisture 5.88%, ash 6.72%, oil 32.75% and the high protein content 33.89%. The carbohydrate content (20.76%) can be regarded as a source of energy for animals if included in their diets. The major nutrients (mg/100 g oil) were: potassium (421.65), calcium (218.56) and magnesium (185.00). The physicochemical properties of the oil include: the saponification number 174.57; the iodine value 141.43; the p-anisidine value 1.86; the peroxide value 2.33 meq O2/kg; the acid value 0.66; the carotenoid content 0.59 mg/100 g oil; the chlorophyll content 0.02 (mg/100 g oil) and the refractive index 1.45. Polymorphic changes were observed in thermal properties of M. pomifera seed oil. This showed absorbency in the UV-B and UV-C ranges with a potential for use as a broad spectrum UV protectant. The main fatty acids of the crude oil were linoleic (76.19%), oleic (13.87%), stearic (6.76%) and palmitic acid (2.40%). The polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) LLL, PLL, POL + SLL, OLL, OOL (L: linoleic acid, O: oleic, P: palmitic acid and S: stearic acid) acids were the major TAGs found in M. pomifera seed oil. A relatively high level of sterols making up 852.93 mg/100 g seed oil was present. The sterol marker, β-sitosterol, accounted for 81% of the total sterol content in the seed oil and is followed by campesterol (7.4%), stigmasterol (4.2%), lupeol (4.1%) and Δ5-avenesterol (3.2%). The seed oil was rich in tocopherols with the following composition (mg/100 g): α-tocopherol 18.92; γ-tocopherol 10.80; β-tocopherol 6.02 and δ-tocopherol 6.29. The results showed that M. pomifera seed oil could be used in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food products. 相似文献