共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 371 毫秒
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胡正隆!山东枣庄市龙凤里--信箱 《北方水稻》1996,(4)
中国科学院青岛海洋研究所的科研人员发现并经过多年的研究，认为一种名为碱篷的黎科属盐生植物是一种具有极大经济价值的油料作物．碱莲是一种可在高盐碱环境中生长的植物，我国有20多种分布在西北、东北、华北、华东、华南各省区的盐碱环境中。我国有近6亿亩盐碱地，因而开发利用前景广阔．研究结果发现，戏莲植物的种子含油量高达36．54％，出油率达28％VXde，其不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的91．84％，必需脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的朋％，具有极好的营养保健价值．完全可以作为新的油料资源进拧开发。同时，碱篷的蛋白质资源比大豆、鸡蛋、螺… 相似文献
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茶园生草栽培技术及作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
21世纪是生态农业发展的关键时期,生态农业是在更有效地利用农业自然资源,提高农业综合生产能力的同时,创造一个良好的生态环境,促进"高产、优质、高效"农业的可持续发展.种草是实现农业可持续发展,建立生态农业的一项重要措施.茶园生草栽培具有提高土壤有机质含量,防止水土流失,提高土壤肥力,调节茶园小气候,改善茶叶品质的作用.我国南方广大的红壤丘陵地区茶园的土壤特征为瘦、酸、粘、板结、易被侵蚀,而且灌溉水源不足,灌溉条件差,这些茶园经过长期的自然和人为因素的综合作用,土壤退化严重.为使土壤的利用具有持续性和稳定性,进行生草栽培是具有重要意义的.本文仅以百喜草为例对茶园生草栽培技术及作用作一阐述. 相似文献
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以盐生植物沟叶结缕草(Zoysia matrella)和非盐生植物中华结缕草(Zoysia sinica)为材料,研究了0.5%复盐胁迫对其过氧化氢酶(CAT)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性总糖和游离脯氨酸含量、相对电导率和叶片相对含水量以及相对生长率和坪用价值的影响。结果表明:盐胁迫过程中2种结缕草的CAT活性、脯氨酸含量和叶片相对电导率逐渐增加;相对生长率、坪用质量、SOD活性、可溶性总糖含量呈现先增加后降低趋势;而叶片相对含水量逐渐下降。2种结缕草相比较,盐胁迫过程中沟叶结缕草能保持较大的SOD和CAT酶活性,积累较多的渗透调节物质,保持较好的细胞膜完整性和持水能力,从而表现出较大的相对生长率和坪用质量,这也可能是沟叶结缕草更耐盐的原因。 相似文献
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通过在火龙果园中间种3个不同品种的牧草,研究不同生草栽培模式对果园土壤理化性状及微生态环境的影响,为火龙果园生态栽培提供理论依据和技术指导。结果表明：3种生草栽培可明显改善火龙果果园土壤物理性状,土壤容重下降了13.29%～15.83%,土壤总孔隙度增加了43.65%～72.28%,毛管孔隙度和土壤含水量分别增加了33.91%～55.89%和43.66%～72.28%,影响程度为紫花苜蓿＞柱花草＞百喜草;3种生草栽培使土壤有机质,全氮、碱解氮含量明显增加,对土壤有效磷和速效钾含量的影响则因牧草品种不同出现较大的差异,间作紫花苜蓿和百喜草表现增加,而间作柱花草则明显减少;3种生草栽培均能有效提高火龙果果园相对湿度,降低气温和土壤温度,并能抑制火龙果园杂草的滋生,有效改善了果园微生态环境。 相似文献
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以定位试验为平台,研究了果园生草管理模式对土壤有机碳含量的影响,并通过分析土壤有机碳的变化量来估算福建省果园生草管理的土壤固碳潜力。结果表明：与1996年相比,2007年生草果园0-20 cm土壤有机碳含量提高了37.0%,土壤容重降低了1.8%。与清耕模式相比,生草模式更有利于土壤有机碳的积累,其土壤碳年变化量是清耕模式的3.2倍,土壤固碳速率为714.52 kg.hm-2.a-1。福建省果园生草模式土壤固碳潜力为3.26×105t.a-1,其中,以漳州地区最高,占36.3%。 相似文献
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为探明不同耐盐水稻品种产量形成对盐胁迫的响应,以3个耐盐品种和3个盐敏感品种为参试材料,通过两季大田试验,探究耐盐能力不同的水稻品种在3种盐胁迫处理(0.0%、0.3%和0.6%)下生长发育和产量性状差异。结果表明,耐盐水稻品种在0.3%和0.6%盐浓度胁迫下的减产率分别为38.1%～50.6%和51.2%～63.6%,明显低于盐敏感品种的47.9%～72.3%和72.9%～84.6%。同时,盐胁迫下,耐盐水稻品种在分蘖盛期和齐穗期的株高、茎蘖数和地上部干物质量降幅也明显低于盐敏感品种。进一步分析可知,与盐敏感品种相比,耐盐品种在0.6%盐浓度胁迫下具有较高的产量,齐穗期叶片还保持较高的SPAD值,成熟期叶片还保持较低的Na+含量和钠钾比。因此,良好的农艺性状和生理指标是水稻在盐胁迫下获得高产的基础。 相似文献
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花生籽仁不同发育时期不同部位主要营养成分变化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究以不同油酸花生品种为材料，对籽仁含油量、脂肪酸和蔗糖含量累积规律和基豆先豆间差异及籽
仁不同部位差异进行分析。结果表明，随着花生籽仁的发育，含油量增加且高油品种含油量积累速率高于低油品
种，蔗糖含量下降；不饱和脂肪酸逐渐增加，饱和脂肪酸和超长链饱和脂肪酸逐渐下降，亚麻酸逐渐降低到消失，其
中高油酸材料棕榈酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸的下降速率以及油酸的上升速率高于普通油酸材料。各材料脂肪酸在基豆
和先豆间无显著差异，而含油量基豆高于先豆。成熟籽仁胚中棕榈酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸、山嵛酸和二十四碳烷酸
含量显著高于子叶，含油量、硬脂酸和油酸含量低于子叶，在胚中约含有0.5%左右的亚麻酸，而子叶中未检测到亚
麻酸。本研究结果为选育品质优的油用型和食用型花生品种具有指导意义。 相似文献
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Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fibre plant native to east-central Africa. The potential for using kenaf seeds as a source of edible oil is often overlooked when considering kenaf as a fibre and feed crop. The aim of this research was to study and compare the fatty acid composition and oil content of eight commercial kenaf varieties from various countries. Linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid were the predominant fatty acids in all cultivars. Percentages of fatty acids varied greatly among different kenaf varieties. Gregg had the highest percentage of linoleic acid whilst El Salvador had the lowest. El Salvador had the highest percentage of oleic acid and Endora had the highest percentage of palmitic acid. Stearic acid and palmitic acid were positively correlated, as well as stearic and linoleic acid. Increasing stearic and linolenic acid and reducing palmitic acid at the same time therefore might be difficult through conventional breeding. The oil content was 19.84% on average and there was not much difference between the varieties. The relatively high oil content and the unique fatty acid composition, suggested that kenaf seed could be used as a source of edible oil. Kenaf oil can be considered nutritionally healthy because of the relatively high amount of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 相似文献
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筛选适宜油用的白木通种质，为将其开发成新型油料作物提供参考。利用索氏提取法提取白木通种子
籽油，比较各种质的含油率，按照食用油国家标准检测籽油过氧化值、酸价、碘值和皂化值，采用气质联用（GC-MS）
系统对白木通各种质籽油脂肪酸组成进行检测分析。研究结果表明，白木通各种质含油率（36.57%~43.08%）、单果
平均含籽率（6.60%~11.51%）、种子千粒重（45.63~58.95g）和折干率（51.93%~64.28%）等经济性状指标受环境因子
的影响较大；籽油的过氧化值（0.073~0.126 mmol/kg）、酸价（0.418~1.337 mgKOH/g）、碘值（83.548~89.653 g/100g）和
皂化值（199.485~221.418 mg/g）均符合四级食用油国家标准；籽油脂肪酸成分中大多数种类为饱和脂肪酸，但不饱
和脂肪酸的含量最高，不饱和脂肪酸以油酸和亚油酸为主，二者含量达到70%左右，饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸和硬脂酸
为主，含量在25%左右。白木通具有开发成新型油料作物的潜力，综合评价种子经济性状及籽油脂肪酸构成，白木
通种质黔通1号在研究的5份种质中表现较好，值得进一步的开发利用。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报(英文)》2023,8(1):1-6
As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decide their development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oils were investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained as follows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for 79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively; (2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid (76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%); (3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed and herbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively); (4) the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritch oil); and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil (55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). The comparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritional values and health care functions. 相似文献
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Ricardo Ayerza Wayne Coates 《Industrial Crops and Products》2011,34(2):1366-1371
Chia (Salvia hispanica L.), an annual herb of the Labiatae family, produces seeds which were one of the basic foods of Central American civilizations in pre-Columbian times. Chia seed contains the highest known percentage of α-linolenic fatty acid of any plant source. In recent years, chia seed has become increasingly important for human health and nutrition because of its high content of α-linolenic fatty acid, and the beneficial health effects that arise from its consumption. A study was undertaken to characterize protein and oil contents as well as fatty acid composition of chia seeds grown in some larger commercial fields, in an attempt to determine how these components are affected by location. Oil saturation tended to decrease as elevation of seed production increased, with decreasing levels of palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids found. The main constituent in the chia oil was ω-3 α-linolenic fatty acid, and ranged from 64.8% to 56.9%. Differences were significant (P < 0.05) among locations. Significant differences in protein content and fatty acid composition were also found for the commercially grown chia originating from three ecosystems. It is possible that these differences could be used to distinguish chia's origin, if additional research was undertaken to characterize such differences. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):233-248
AbstractSunflower, a major edible oil crop producing a high-quality and healthful oil for human consumption and also recycled for use as feedstock to produce biodiesel fuel, is recently being cultivated in rotation with rice in the paddy field. The oil of cultivars with a high oleic acid content has higher oxidation stability and better nutritional properties than the standard cultivars, which have a high linoleic acid content. In this study, we evaluated the effects of excess water on plant growth, seed yield, and oil quality. Seed yield, the major yield components, the oleic acid content and the total oil content were negatively affected by a shallow water table. In particular, waterlogging at the establishment stage decreased the growth and seed yield severely. In addition, waterlogging during the flowering and maturation stages tended to decrease the oleic acid content and to increase the linoleic acid content. These results will be useful for improving management practices to increase the seed yield and improve the oil quality of sunflower in rotation with upland paddy rice. 相似文献
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叶籽两用茶树种质的研发利用对于茶产业结构调整、茶园综合效益提升具有特殊意义,因此深入研究现有茶树种质与茶籽相关性状特征,可为叶籽两用茶树的遗传育种提供基础信息。从福建、云南和湖南采集了31份同年结实茶籽,对种仁的含油率和脂肪酸组成特征进行测定。结果表明,不同茶树茶籽含油率存在2倍以上的差异;从茶籽油脂中检测到10种脂肪酸组分,包括棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、顺-11-十六碳烯酸、硬脂酸、油酸、顺-11-十八碳烯酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十烷酸和二十烯酸。油酸是茶籽中的主要脂肪酸,占脂肪酸总量的42.1%~59.2%;其次为亚油酸,占脂肪酸总量的18.9%~32.8%;饱和脂肪酸含量占15.9%~20.8%,以棕榈酸为主。进一步分析各种质的脂肪酸组成特征,发现茶籽中的FAD2和FAD3活力在种质间存在较大差异。在此基础上,探讨了如何利用这些发现来选择育种,以进一步改善茶籽的油脂性状。 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):265-269
AbstractThe relationship between nitrogen efficiency (NE), defined as seed yield per unit nitrogen (N) application, and seed quality was examined in two oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) varieties at 5 N application levels, 0.6, 3, 6, 12, 15 mmol L?1, N1, N2, N3, N4 and N5, respectively. Seed yield, oil yield and protein content were increased with the increase in N application level, but NE and oil content were decreased, and the fatty acid composition in seed was hardly changed. Analysis of seven fatty acids revealed aslight decrease in the contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid with the increase in N application level, but no obvious change in the contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid. Compared with the low NE variety H29, the seed yield and contents of erucic acid and arachidonic acid in the high NE variety bin270 were more markedly increased with the increase in N application level, and the oil content was hardly changed. The seed yield, oilcontent and oil yield were higher in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety at all 5 N application levels. There were no significant differences in protein, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid contents between the varieties at any of the 5 N application levels, but there were slight differences in the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents between the two varieties. In brief, N application improved oil yield more greatly in the high NE variety than in the low NE variety, but hardly affected the fatty acid composition. Therefore, the seed quality and oil content of oilseed rape may not be decreased by breeding of a high NE variety with a high N absorption efficiency and high N use efficiency. 相似文献