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- River fish diversity is threatened by anthropogenic environmental alteration to landscapes. The early life-history stages of fish play an important role in maintaining diversity and population recruitment and can be heavily influenced by landscape patterns. Information on temporal and spatial distribution patterns of fish eggs and larvae is also important for biodiversity conservation and management of fish resources.
- The Yangtze River possesses a high diversity of fishes, including many commercially important species. The economy along the lower reach of the river is well developed, and most of the area is experiencing high pressure from human impacts. This section of the Yangtze River connects with the largest freshwater lake in China at the upstream end and flows into the estuary at the downstream end. These two landscape features are likely to have a significant impact upon the spatial distributions of fish egg and larval assemblages.
- Environmental variables, fish eggs, and larval assemblages were sampled in three locations, at Hukou, Anqing, and Jingjiang, in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. The results suggest that the higher number of species and greater abundance in upstream sites reflect the critical function of connectivity of Poyang Lake with the river for fish recruitment in the lower Yangtze. The delayed bloom of larval fish, occurrence of estuarine species, and a lower species number and abundance of freshwater fish downstream reflect the influence of tidal intrusion from the estuary.
- This study highlights the value of maintaining natural river–lakes connectivity in the Yangtze River as a conservation measure. The connected river–lake system should be designated as a priority area for fish resource protection in the lower reach of the Yangtze River. We recommend further measures to break down barriers between the river and other lakes and to restore the natural lateral connectivity of the floodplain ecosystem.
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Marcelo F. Tognelli Elizabeth P. Anderson Luz F. Jimnez‐Segura Junior Chuctaya Luisa Chocano Javier A. Maldonado‐Ocampo Lina Mesa‐Salazar Jos I. Mojica Fernando M. Carvajal‐Vallejos Vanessa Correa Hernn Ortega Juan F. Rivadeneira Romero Paula Snchez‐Duarte Neil A. Cox Max Hidalgo Pedro Jimnez Prado Carlos A. Lasso Jaime Sarmiento Miguel A. Velsquez Francisco A. Villa‐Navarro 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2019,29(7):1123-1132
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研究湟水流域水生态现状和保护与修复措施,加强湟水流域水生态保护,维持黄河尤其是黄河上游流域及青藏高原和黄土高原-川滇生态屏障生态安全。湟水干流、大通河梯级开发集中,河流纵向连通性遭到严重破坏,且大部分水电站是引水式小水电站,枯水期水电站下游河道脱流现象严重,河流水流连续性及横向连通性遭到破坏,河流生态功能严重下降。根据国家及黄河流域对湟水流域生态保护定位及要求,在湟水流域水生态状况评价及问题识别的基础上,明确各区域(河段)水生态保护目标,提出了湟水上中下游水生态保护与修复总体布局、重要断面生态需水指标及保障措施和重要湿地、重要鱼类栖息地等保护与修复措施体系。 相似文献
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祟明东滩团结沙鱼类群落多样性与生长特性 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
研究了长江口祟明东滩团结沙5~8月间的鱼类多样性和生长特性。初步调查表明,祟明东滩团结沙共有鱼类9目19种,以鲤形目最多,鲻形目次之。这些鱼类分为4个主要生态类型,包括河口性鱼类4种、近海鱼类3种、江海洄游型鱼类4种和淡水鱼类8种。鱼类群落多样性较低,以个体数为单位计算的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′为2.790,Simpson优势度指数λ为0.198,Pielou种类均匀度指数J′为0.657。主要优势鱼类为窄体舌鳎、刀鲚、长蛇鮈、鲻、鲫、中国花鲈和中华鲟等7种,个体都较小。这7种鱼中窄体舌鳎、刀鲚、长蛇鮈、鲻、鲫和中华鲟呈等速生长,而中国花鲈为异速生长,肥满度最大的是鲫,最小的是刀鲚。5~8月间每个月渔获物的种类与数量组成有一定差异。为了更好地保护长江口祟明东滩的鱼类资源,应加强长江口渔业生态环境的综合治理,加大增殖和保护鱼类资源的力度,充分发挥长江口中华鲟自然保护区的保护功能。 相似文献
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Hui Zhang Myounghee Kang Li Shen Jinming Wu Junyi Li Hao Du Chengyou Wang Haile Yang Qiong Zhou Zhigang Liu Harry Gorfine Qiwei Wei 《Fish and Fisheries》2020,21(3):601-620
Freshwater capture fisheries are globally essential for food security and aquatic biodiversity conservation. The Yangtze River Basin is the third longest and one of the most human‐influenced drainage basins worldwide. Since the founding of P. R. China in 1949, this large river system has suffered increasing human perturbation and its sustainable development is now severely challenged. Meta‐analysis showed that Yangtze River fisheries have experienced an extraordinary process of utilization–over‐exploitation–protection during the past 70 years, to an extent that other globally important rivers may never have encountered. Its fisheries appear to have collapsed over the past four decades, with yield decreasing to only 25% of an historical peak of 400,000 metric tonnes in the late 1950s. Endemic, migratory and rare fishes have been highly threatened with obvious changes in fish community structure and aquatic biodiversity. Anthropogenic activities, including impoundment of water in dams, discharge of pollutants and riverine modification for vessel navigation, have caused large decreases in fisheries yields. Projections from surplus production modelling showed potential for improvement under fishing ban scenarios, but without any prospect for full recovery to historical stock status. This study revealed that the change in fisheries resources was dominated by the social–ecological watershed system, and an integrated approach to river basin management is warranted. Better management of freshwater ecosystems to integrate food security with biodiversity conservation is urgently needed throughout the world, and the changes evident in the Yangtze River fish populations can serve as an informative global reference. 相似文献
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Vanessa Modesto Martina Ilarri Allan T Souza Manuel Lopes‐Lima Karel Douda Miguel Clavero Ronaldo Sousa 《Fish and Fisheries》2018,19(2):244-259
Co‐extinctions are increasingly recognized as one of the major processes leading to the global biodiversity crisis, but there is still limited scientific evidence on the magnitude of potential impacts and causal mechanisms responsible for the decline of affiliate (dependent) species. Freshwater mussels (Bivalvia, Unionida), one of the most threatened faunal groups on Earth, need to pass through a parasitic larval (glochidia) phase using fishes as hosts to complete their life cycle. Here, we provide a synthesis of published evidence on the fish–mussel relationship to explore possible patterns in co‐extinction risk and discuss the main threats affecting this interaction. We retrieved 205 publications until December 2015, most of which were performed in North America, completed under laboratory conditions and were aimed at characterizing the life cycle and/or determining the suitable fish hosts for freshwater mussels. Mussel species were reported to infest between one and 53 fish species, with some fish families (e.g., Cyprinidae and Percidae) being used more often as hosts than others. No relationship was found between the breadth of host use and the extinction risk of freshwater mussels. Very few studies focused on threats affecting the fish–mussel relationship, a knowledge gap that may impair the application of future conservation measures. Here, we identify a variety of threats that may negatively affect fish species, document and discuss the concomitant impacts on freshwater mussels, and suggest directions for future studies. 相似文献
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Charles N. Cathcart Keith B. Gido Mark C. McKinstry Peter D. MacKinnon 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(1):492-505
Quantifying fish movements in river networks helps identify critical habitat needs and how they change with environmental conditions. Some of the challenges in tracking fish movements can be overcome with the use of passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging and antennas. We used PIT technology to test predictions of movement behaviour for four fish species at a mainstem–tributary confluence zone in an arid‐land river system. Specifically, we focused on the McElmo Creek tributary confluence with the San Juan River in south‐western Utah, USA. We quantified variation in species occurrences at this confluence zone from May 2012 to December 2015 relative to temporal and environmental conditions. We considered occurrences among species relative to tagging origins (tributary versus mainstem), season and time of day. Generally, fishes tagged in the focal tributary were more likely to be detected compared to fish tagged in the mainstem river or other tributaries. Additionally, adults were most likely to be detected across multiple years compared to subadults. Based on a Random Forests model, the best performing environmental variables for predicting seasonal detections included mainstem discharge during run‐off season (razorback sucker Xyrauchen texanus), tributary discharge during monsoon season (Colorado pikeminnow Ptychocheilus lucius) and mainstem water temperature (flannelmouth sucker Catostomus latipinnis and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus). The variable responses by endemic and introduced fishes indicate tributary habitats provide several key functions within a fish community including spawning, rearing, foraging and refuge. 相似文献
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Modelling of stream fishes in the Great Plains, USA 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
R. M. Oakes K. B. Gido J. A. Falke J. D. Olden B. L. Brock 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2005,14(4):361-374
Abstract – Predicting species distributions has important implications for the conservation and management of freshwater fishes, particularly in areas such as the Great Plains, USA where human impacts have resulted in extirpations and declines for numerous native species. There are a number of statistical approaches for constructing distributional models; the accuracy of each is likely dependent on the nature of the environmental gradients, species responses to those gradients and the spatial extent of the modelling. Thus, it is important to compare multiple approaches across species and habitats to identify the most effective modelling approach. Using geographical information system (GIS) derived characteristics of stream segments as predictors, we tested the model performance of three methodologies – linear discriminant function analysis, classification trees and artificial neural networks (ANN) – for predicting the occurrence of 38 fish species in a Great Plains river basin. Results showed that all approaches predicted species occurrences with relatively high success. ANN generally were the best models, in that they generated the most significant models (35 of 38 species) and most accurately predicted species presence for the greatest number of species (average correct classification = 81.1%). The importance of GIS variables for predicting stream fish occurrences varied among species and modelling techniques, but were generally strong predictors of species distributions, including the federally endangered Topeka shiner Notropis topeka . In summary, predictive models should be viewed as both competitive and complementary methodologies for establishing quantitative linkages between fish species and their environment. Our study demonstrates the potential utility of such an approach for guiding conservation efforts for stream fishes of the Great Plains, USA. 相似文献
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Fish conservation in freshwater and marine realms: status,threats and management 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Angela H. Arthington Nicholas K. Dulvy William Gladstone Ian J. Winfield 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2016,26(5):838-857
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Beaver dams shift desert fish assemblages toward dominance by non‐native species (Verde River,Arizona, USA) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The reintroduction of beaver (Castor canadensis) into arid and semi‐arid rivers is receiving increasing management and conservation attention in recent years, yet very little is known about native versus non‐native fish occupancy in beaver pond habitats. Streams of the American Southwest support a highly endemic, highly endangered native fish fauna and abundant non‐native fishes, and here we investigated the hypothesis that beaver ponds in this region may lead to fish assemblages dominated by non‐native species that favour slower‐water habitat. We sampled fish assemblages within beaver ponds and within unimpounded lotic stream reaches in the mainstem and in tributaries of the free‐flowing upper Verde River, Arizona, USA. Non‐native fishes consistently outnumbered native species, and this dominance was greater in pond than in lotic assemblages. Few native species were recorded within ponds. Multivariate analysis indicated that fish assemblages in beaver ponds were distinct from those in lotic reaches, in both mainstem and tributary locations. Individual species driving this distinction included abundant non‐native green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus) and western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) in pond sites, and native desert sucker (Catostomus clarkii) in lotic sites. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that, relative to unimpounded lotic habitat, beaver ponds in arid and semi‐arid rivers support abundant non‐native fishes; these ponds could thus serve as important non‐native source areas and negatively impact co‐occurring native fish populations. 相似文献
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Risk screening of non‐native,translocated and traded aquarium freshwater fishes in Greece using Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 C. Perdikaris N. Koutsikos L. Vardakas D. Kommatas P. Simonović I. Paschos V. Detsis L. Vilizzi G. H. Copp 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2016,23(1):32-43
The invasion of non‐indigenous freshwater fish species is one of the most important threats to aquatic biodiversity. Similar to other Mediterranean countries, Greece is considered a hot spot for freshwater biodiversity, with many range‐restricted endemics of high conservation concern. The aim of this study was to undertake a risk screening assessment to evaluate the invasive potential of non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium fishes in Greece by applying the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK). In total, 73 freshwater fish species were evaluated by two assessors. FISK was able to discriminate reliably between invasive and non‐invasive species with a threshold of 15.25. Based on mean scores, 30 species were classified as ‘high risk’, of which 17 as ‘moderately high risk’, six as ‘high risk’ and seven as ‘very high risk’. There was a high coincidence rate for the species categorisation between the two assessors, but significant differences in certainty. The results suggest that FISK is a useful tool for assessing risks posed by non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium fish species in Greece. 相似文献
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Fernando M Pelicice Valter M Azevedo‐Santos Jean R S Vitule Mário L Orsi Dilermando P Lima Junior André L B Magalhães Paulo S Pompeu Miguel Petrere Jr Angelo A Agostinho 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(6):1119-1133
Neotropical freshwater fishes are the most diverse on the planet (>5,500 species), although nations in Latin America have been negligent regarding their conservation. National policies have historically encouraged unsustainable practices, and recent decades have witnessed a sharp increase in harmful activities. Our aim with this review was to expose this situation and illustrate how national policies constitute the main threat to freshwater fish biodiversity. We explain that the most devastating, pervasive and systemic threats are rooted in official policies, particularly unsustainable activities (e.g. hydropower, water diversion, mining, aquaculture, agriculture and fishing), poor management/conservation (e.g. fish stocking and passages) and harmful legislation (e.g. poor licensing, non‐native species). We provide a broad portrait of the Neotropical scenario, where unsustainable policies have caused considerable damage to freshwater ecosystems, and focus on major examples from Brazil, where development projects have caused large‐scale losses to fish biodiversity. Such modus operandi of human development is incompatible with the persistence of biodiversity, and no simple solution is available to correct or minimize its effects. The current situation demands a profound behavioural shift towards better practices and policies, or these multiple high‐impact activities will continue eroding freshwater fish biodiversity and impairing essential ecosystem services. 相似文献
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I. Growns 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2004,11(6):369-377
A comprehensive list of freshwater fishes from south‐eastern Australia is classified into five major reproductive guilds, based on numerical analysis of 13 life history or reproductive characteristics. The guilds defined generally support previously proposed, subjective life history‐based classifications of freshwater fish species in this region. The majority of species fell into two groups, with 18 and 19 species, and the remaining guilds each contained from 1 to 12 species. The most important biological characteristics that separated the major groups of species included: care of the eggs or young, the presence of adhesive or non‐adhesive eggs, serial or single spawning, and viviparity. Two of the main guilds could each be divided into two sub‐guilds mainly based upon the requirement for a spawning migration. The objective definition of reproductive guilds allows river and natural resource managers to consider the effects of changes in environmental management on groups of species that are likely to respond in similar ways. 相似文献
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2010年11月、2011年5月对四川省九寨沟勿角自然保护区及其邻近水域鱼类物种多样性进行调查,共采集到鱼类6种,共182尾,隶属于3目4科。其中,土著鱼类5种,外来种1种;鲤形目4种,占鱼类物种数的66.67%,鲇形目和鲑形目各有1种,均占鱼类物种数的16.67%。保护区鱼类主要组成为老第三纪原始类群和青藏高原类群,兼有少量的北方冷水类群。其中长江上游特有鱼类3种,占鱼类物种总数的50%;属于四川省重点保护野生动物的有2种,占鱼类物种总数的33.33%。保护区鱼类在食性和栖息习性等方面分别属于不同的生态类型。掠夺性获取,水环境破坏,以及外来种入侵是保护区鱼类资源面临的最大威胁,针对以上威胁提出了相应的保护对策。 相似文献
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Fernando C. P. Dagosta Mário de Pinna Carlos A. Peres Victor A. Tagliacollo 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(12):1167-1189
- Freshwater ecosystems represent less than 0.01% of Earth's surface water but proportionately encompass the most species-rich environment on the planet, including nearly one-third of all vertebrate species. Even though inland continental waters are widely regarded as highly endangered ecosystems, their species assemblages are mostly ignored in conservation plans, largely because spatial patterns of freshwater species remain poorly understood. This is particularly severe throughout the Neotropics, most notably in the Amazon superbasin, where the sheer biotic diversity is coupled with a severe lack of biodiversity knowledge at several levels.
- Spatial patterns of Neotropical freshwater fishes focusing mainly on the Amazon superbasin were investigated. First, Endemic Amazonian Fish Areas (EAFAs) representing central units for the conservation of continental fishes were delimited. Interpolated maps were then analysed using alternative methodologies to delimit spatial patterns of diversity and endemicity across the Amazon superbasin. Several biogeographical analyses used a comprehensive dataset of species and geographical coordinates of Amazonian fishes.
- The results reveal well-defined spatial patterns of species richness and endemicity in the Amazonian fish fauna, showing that most protected areas are concentrated in a single bioregion (Amazon lowlands). Those areas are incongruent and insufficient to protect endemic and threatened species, which are mostly distributed in upland regions.
- Effective conservation of the Amazonian fish fauna should include EAFAs within protected areas, especially those undergoing deforestation and hydropower development pressure and containing a high concentration of threatened species.
- The following EAFAs should be considered as conservation priorities: Upper Araguaia, Upper Tocantins, Lower Teles Pires/Serra do Cachimbo, Chapada dos Parecis and Upper Marañon. These regions should be urgently protected to avert the loss of important trophic relationships and unique elements of the Amazonian fish fauna.