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1.
为探究塔里木河流域自然条件和人类活动改变造成的河流水沙变化,依据1980—2020年塔里木河干流阿拉尔站,源流玉龙喀什河控制水文站同古孜洛克站、叶尔羌河卡群站、阿克苏河新大河站和开都河焉耆站的实测径流和输沙资料,利用Mann-Kendall检验、Pearson相关性分析和Pettitt非参数检验等方法,分析了近40年塔里木河流域水沙演变及其空间分异特征。结果表明:在1980—2020年期间塔里木河流域同古孜洛克站、阿拉尔站、卡群站、焉耆站径流量显著增加,新大河站、同古孜洛克站、阿拉尔站径流量出现突变点,分别在1992年、1999年、2000年,突变后较突变前增长18.23%,18.10%,62.15%; 卡群站和同古孜洛克站的输沙量没有显著变化趋势,阿拉尔站、新大河站和焉耆站的输沙量都显著减少,突变点都在2001年,突变后较突变前降低36.73%,30.50%,68.31%。塔里木河水沙分布具有显著的空间差异,源流四站控制区的径流深存在南北空间上的差异,北部源于天山的阿克苏河和开都河径流深低于南部源于喀喇昆仑山的叶尔羌河和玉龙喀什河,从上游向下游输沙模数降低,径流主要受降雨和气温差距影响,而泥沙差异则是由于植被覆盖度变化。在上游三源流汇入干流的区间内,年平均消耗径流量98.21亿m3,径流深167.31 mm,淤积泥沙量4 424.15万t,淤积模数753.69 t/(km2·a)。对塔里木河四源一干径流泥沙实测数据的分析结果证明了塔里木河近期综合治理工程总体上取得了良好的生态环境效益。 相似文献
2.
湘江流域人类活动对湘江水沙变化具有显著影响。利用M-K次序法、Pettitt非参数检验法和双累积曲线法分析湘江干支流1953-2014年的年径流量、汛期径流量和非汛期径流量与输沙量的关系,并分析水土保持和水库建设等人类活动与水沙演变的关系。结果表明:1)湘江干支流水文站的年径流量、汛期径流量与输沙量的相关性强,且1990年后湘潭站径流量-输沙量的相关系数为0.83,而非汛期相关性较弱。1990年前,干流站点径流量和输沙量处于波动状态,1990年后干流站点径流量总体呈增加趋势,但输沙量呈减小趋势,且老埠头站的输沙量发生微幅突变。除个别站点之外,支流站点的径流量和输沙量发生突变的年份与变化规律均一致。2)水土保持以及水库建设对湘江流域的拦沙作用是输沙量减少的主要原因。相比支流,水土保持对湘江干流流域的输沙量减少影响更显著,水库建设与湘江干支流输沙量减少均密切相关。3)根据湘江流域输沙量突变点可划分A(1960-1987年)、B(1988-1996年)、C(1997-2013年)3个时期,在不考虑温度变化的影响下,以A时期1960-1987年为基准期,利用累积量斜率变化率比较法可知,相比基准期A时期,B、C时期水土保持和水库拦沙等人类活动对输沙量的减少的贡献率为88.58%和94.01%,人类活动为输沙量减小的主要因素。 相似文献
3.
The objective of this study was to examine the chemistry of trace elements in coalbed methane (CBM) discharge water reacting with semi-arid ephemeral stream channels in Powder River Basin, Wyoming. The study area consisted of two ephemeral streams, Burger Draw and Sue Draw. These streams are tributaries to the perennial Powder River, Wyoming. Samples were collected bimonthly from three CBM discharge points and seven channel locations in Burger Draw and Sue Draw. Samples were also collected bimonthly from the Powder River above and below the confluence of Burger Draw. Before sample collection, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity were measured in the field. Samples were transported to the laboratory and analyzed for dissolved trace elements including iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), boron (B), arsenic (As), selenium (Se), and fluoride (F). Results suggest pH of discharge water was 7.1 and increased significantly in the downstream channel of Burger Draw to 8.84 before joined with the Powder River. Temperature of CBM produced water at discharge points ranged between 20.3 and 22.7 °C. Before discharge, DO concentrations of CBM produced water were between 1.42 and 1.5 mg/L. No significant differences in temperature, DO, and turbidity were found between Burger Draw flow and Powder River flow. However, significant differences were found within the sampling period in temperature and turbidity in flow of Burger Draw. The temperature, DO, and turbidity were all significantly different in Powder River within the sampling period. The CBM discharge water consisted of higher concentrations of F, Fe and B compared to other components. Significant changes were observed for Fe, Mn, and As; and seasonally for B. Dissolved Fe and Mn decreased, while As and Se increased in downstream channel flow. These findings will be useful in proper management of CBM produced water in semi-arid environments. 相似文献
4.
以浑太河流域为研究对象,选取流域88个监测站点,在2009,2010,2012年对河流高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮、总磷等9项指标进行监测,并对河流水质的时空异质性进行了分析。选择高锰酸盐指数、总氮、氨氮和总磷作为主要评价因子,采用单因子和综合水质标识指数法对该地区主要河流水污染特征进行分析及评价。结果表明,水质因子具有明显的时空异质性。单因子评价结果表明,非汛期总氮和氨氮为主要污染物,汛期总磷和总氮为主要污染物,非汛期的水质状况较汛期好,说明非点源是造成其污染的主要原因。河流水质综合评价中,小汤河上游、太子河南支、太子河北支所有点位的水质评价结果均为最好。所有站点中,海城河的支流（五道里河、运梁河、南沙河下游）区域的水质最差,达到劣Ⅴ类水质,且出现黑臭现象。研究结果对指导浑太河流域水污染防治及水资源管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
Carroll Kenneth C. López Dina L. Stoertz Mary W. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,144(1-4):195-222
The spatial variability in chemical composition of water and sediments along Snow Fork, a stream draining 70 km2 of southeastern Ohio, was investigated under low-flow conditions. The stream is affected by acid mine drainage (AMD) beginning atEssex Mine, an abandoned mine opening, and extending 23 km downstream to the confluence with Monday Creek. Volumetric discharge and changes in stream water and sediment metalconcentrations were examined to identify chemical interactionsand processes controlling the transport and fate of metalcontaminants. The stream loses water to the groundwater system insome sections. The water loss probably occurs through fracturesconnecting the stream to underlying underground coal mines. Massbalance (loading) and mineral saturation index calculations wereused to identify metal sources and sinks. Dissolved metal loadingincreases downstream along the length of Snow Fork, despite theprecipitation of metals as hydroxides in the streambed,indicating multiple groundwater sources of AMD along the flowpath. Relatively high dissolved metal concentrations and lowsediment metal concentrations occur where the pH is low,indicating that local sediment-water interaction dominates masstransfer between sediments and water. Calculated mineralsaturation indexes indicate that aluminum and iron hydroxidesprecipitate in some stream segments and dissolve in others. X-raydiffractograms of sediments show two distinct mineral groups.Amorphous or weakly crystalline minerals dominate one group foundnear the stream headwaters near the underground mine. Crystallinemineral phases dominate the sediments downstream. Thesediffractograms contain the primary peaks for quartz, kaoliniteand illite all of which constitute the local sandstones, shalesor underclay. Peaks of amorphous phases of iron and manganese,if present, are obscured. The implications of these findings arethat the transport of metals in sediments may be as important asdissolved metal transport in estimating the overall stream load,particularly if downstream sources of AMD may remobilize metalsfrom soluble precipitates. 相似文献
6.
A coordinated program ofin situ and laboratory bioassays supported by water quality analyses was used to evaluate the potential effect of a coal ash storage facility on a yellow perch (Perca flavescens) spawning area. The facility is located in the Zekiah Swamp watershed, a tributary of the Wicomico River, MD.In situ bioassays were conducted in Zekiah Swamp Run and reference locations in 1989 and 1990. Larval mortality was high in non-tidal areas of Zekiah Swamp Run, both at a site upstream and beyond the influence of the facility, and at a site downstream of the facility. Mortality was significantly less at a nearby reference stream and at a station in the tidal area of Zekiah Swamp Run. Analysis of water samples for metals (including inorganic monomeric aluminum), organic contaminants, and pH, as well as measurements of stream flow, did not identify a specific cause for the mortality. The field and laboratory bioassays showed that, although leachate from the ash facility contributed to local contamination of ground water, the facility does not appear to be responsible for the poor survival of larval yellow perch. 相似文献
7.
农业非点源污染是导致地表水环境质量恶化的重要原因。丹汉江流域是南水北调中线工程的主要水源地,实现农业非点源污染分区管理分类控制,将进一步确保中线工程的水质安全。以陕西省丹汉江流域27个县（区）为基本单元,采用水质指数法、聚类分析法和等标污染负荷法等方法,进行了污染源敏感性评价和污染类型识别,进而实现流域农业非点源污染分区。结果显示:（1）丹汉江流域农业非点源污染可分为5级敏感区,且敏感区等级呈现以中心城市为核心,以干流为轴线,向南北两侧递减的分布格局。（2）农业非点源污染控制类型主要包括农业种植、畜禽养殖、生活排放3种基本类型。（3）敏感区等级越高,污染类型越复杂。 相似文献
8.
水资源利用效率的提升对于缓解水资源供需矛盾具有极为重要的意义。选取汉江干流10个地市,运用数据包络法(DEA)计算了2008—2015年水资源利用效率,并利用Malmquist全要素生产率指数模型分析了水资源绿色效率全要素生产率和分解指数的动态变化。结果表明：汉江干流不同地市的水资源利用效率具有较大的时空分异特征,中下游地市的水资源经济效率普遍高于中上游地市;水资源绿色效率较高的城市经济发展较为缓慢且集中分布在下游地区。2008—2015年水资源经济效率逐渐下降,而水资源绿色效率先增加后减小;除武汉市和安康市的全要素生产率一直保持积极有利发展趋势外,其他城市的全要素生产率主要受技术约束和规模效应的影响而未能达到期望值。研究成果可为水资源优化配置提供参考。 相似文献
9.
塔里木河下游生态修复措施体系探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆塔里木河流域近期综合治理项目2001年由国务院批准实施,计划历时5年对源流和干流进行治理。通过治理,使多年来断流的塔里木河下游大西海子水库以下河道恢复过流。多年来,大西海子断面至塔里木河尾间台特玛湖间的生态环境持续衰退,如何使塔里木河下游生态得到较好修复,作者结合已完成的前期设计工作,对有关生态修复措施体系进行初步探讨,总结出内陆干旱地区风沙地带生态修复和水土保持的思路和方法。 相似文献
10.
By integrating data on the chemistry, toxicity and benthic community structure, the sediment quality triad was used to evaluate the current situation of superficial sediments from the Le An River. This river has been strongly polluted with large amounts of copper, lead and zinc in waste water discharging from riparian mining and smelting activities. The response of the benthic environment was illustrated by ratio-to-reference (RTR) scale in corresponding triaxial graph. From upstream to downstream, the response intensity of three components showed sectional characteristics. The upstream area was relatively clean due to less disturbance. Within the middle stream area, extreme toxicity and serious deterioration of the benthic community structure could be mainly ascribed to strong acidity in drainage and high concentrations of multiple metals in superficial sediments, especially copper. Because of the river self-purification capability, pollution gradually declined and the sediment quality began to recover downstream. The situation was closely associated to the distribution of major pollution sources, therefore, source control and dredging operation on contaminated sediments in the middle stream area are required urgently. 相似文献
11.
[目的]揭示牛栏河的生态现状,为今后生态治理和修复工程提供依据。[方法]通过对研究河段的水质状况、河岸带状况和污染来源等进行实地调查,并采用综合评价方法对调查数据进行评价。[结果]牛栏河整体近自然状况较好,研究河段8—10号河段均处于自然状态,3,5—7号河段均处于近自然状态,1,2,3号河段均处于退化自然状态;牛栏河总体水质较差,继续进行河流的生态修复与治理,有由下游到上游逐渐变好的趋势。[结论]研究河段的主要污染源为养殖粪便污染、生活垃圾污染以及生活污水污染,在今后牛栏河的治理中应着重考虑这些问题。 相似文献
12.
塔里木河水质污染对中、下游地区的生态系统的稳定性及社会的持续发展带来了不利的影响。利用阿克苏河的龙口、西大桥断面以及塔里木河干流上游的阿拉尔、十四团断面2001-2005年实测数据，在统计软件STATISTICA的支持下，利用主成分分析方法和水质指数法进行了塔里木河水质评价研究。结果表明，龙口和西大桥断面的水质属于一级（清洁）水，而阿拉尔和十四团断面的水质属于4级（中等污染）及5级（重污染）水。塔里木河的主要污染物为氯化物、总硬度、矿化度、硫酸盐、亚硝酸盐等。 相似文献
13.
14.
In this study, point and diffuse contaminant loads to a stream are estimated using stream monitoring data. Regression analysis is conducted to separate point source loads and background contaminant loads using water quality and flow time series. Non-parametric methods are utilized for regression and auxiliary statistical tests to eliminate the effects of outliers in the data and to avoid restrictions posed by assumptions of normality. Point source loads and background concentrations are estimated directly by regression of data from a station. A second station is needed to estimate diffuse load contributions. The method is exemplified using data from a polluted stream in Turkey, the Porsuk Stream. Point and diffuse loads are estimated for six water quality parameters, chloride, dissolved solids, ammonia, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus. It is found that for many water quality parameters, contaminant loads to a stream can be estimated with reasonable accuracy. 相似文献
15.
近20年塔里木河干流区地下水埋深变化特征及其生态效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
基于塔里木河干流区近20年水文生态变化监测资料,研究了其地下水埋深时空变化特征与河道来水的相互关系及其生态效应。结果表明:塔河干流上中游段地下水埋深年度变化呈枯水期3—4月变幅在0.42～0.92 m,汛期7—9月变幅在1.06～3.67 m。经近20年的生态输水,2009—2017年9年间下游段地下水埋深平均抬升了3.75 m,地下水埋深随输水量的变化明显,总体上在输水停止后1月内达到峰值,而后逐渐降低,直至下一次输水才会明显回升。2009年之后的生态输水对下游植被恢复效果明显,下游NDVI平均值由0.05提升至0.15。本研究系统分析了塔里木河干流区生态输水以来区域生态环境对地下水的综合响应,可为区域水资源调控和进一步量化输水效益提供理论依据。 相似文献
16.
黑河流域上游水沙变化特征及成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]研究黑河流域上游干流的水沙时空变化特征及其成因,为流域生态保护和水资源开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]选取黑河上游干流主要水文站近60a的实测径流、输沙及降雨资料,通过采用Mann-Kendall秩相关检验法、累积距平法和相关分析法,研究水沙变化特征及驱动因子。[结果]黑河上游干流径流量总体上从20世纪80年代以后呈增加趋势;输沙量从20世纪70年代开始呈不显著增加趋势,但莺落峡水文站输沙量从2001年开始呈显著下降趋势。[结论]降水增加是影响黑河上游径流量增多的重要原因;水土流失导致了札马什克站和祁连站输沙量的增加,而水库拦沙是莺落峡水文站输沙量显著减少的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
西北地区是我国水土流失最严重的一个地区,也是我国贫困人口的集中分布区.国家对西北地区水土流失治理安排了一系列工程项目,投入了大量的资金,促进了农村经济发展与农民脱贫致富.依据1986-2005期间的统计与调查资料,对该区水土保持投资来源、使用方向与效果,以及对农村经济发展的影响进行了初步分析.(1)该区水土保持投资总体呈上升趋势,政府对该区水土保持累计投资5.50×10.元,群众投劳折资1.09x1010元;(2)水土保持投资主要用于造林、种草与基本农田建设等,投入经济林建设资金由8.2%上升到20.1%,由粮食为主的单一结构转变为粮、果、林、草的多元结构.(3)新增水土保持措施累计增加农业产值达7.02×1010元,农民人均年纯收入也随之增长了1 894.2元. 相似文献
18.
R. K. Srivastava W. S. Fargo V. S. Sai K. C. Mathur 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1988,39(1-2):75-80
Changes in water quality along the Sone River, which is polluted by effluents from the Orient Paper Mills (OPM), Amlai, M.P., India were studied in the present work. The water samples from fifteen stations, covering a distance of about 216 km along the river course were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis to determine similarity relations with respect to seven water quality parameters. Maximum pollution was observed up to 30 km downstream. Improvement in water quality was registered further downstream due to self-recovery and dilution. The greatest variability was observed between water samples taken at the OPM uptake site and at the effluent mixing point located 2 km downstream. Maximum similarity was found between stations located 2.0 and 2.1 km; 2.3 and 2.5 km; and 2.7 and 3.0 km downstream. 相似文献
19.
为探究矿业经济发展背景下花垣河重污染地段水体污染特征及污染物来源,于2007年1月至2015年12月对湘西花垣河重污染地段狮子桥电站下游200m、川心城、教化码头、汇合口、龙科村下游500m及对照点兄弟河浮桥电站上游100m共6个点位水体中的Pb,Cd,Mn,Zn,Cr6+,高锰酸盐指数,氨氮,COD,BOD5的含量进行测定,并对监测值进行了相关性及主成分分析。结果表明:研究区水体主要以Mn、氨氮污染为主,Mn和氨氮在2007—2015年间最大监测值分别达到了2.561 9mg/L,2.539mg/L,9年来除氨氮、BOD5呈先降后升外,其他污染物监测值总体呈下降趋势;Pb—Zn,Mn—Cd,Cr—Cd,Cr—Mn,氨氮—高锰酸盐指数,COD—高锰酸盐指数,COD—氨氮之间具有显著正相关性(p0.01),COD—Zn,COD—Pb之间存显著负相关性(p0.01),高锰酸盐指数—Pb,氨氮—Pb之间具有显著负相关性(p0.05),BOD5—高锰酸盐指数,BOD5—氨氮之间存在显著正相关性(p0.05),说明以上污染物相互之间有较大影响;花垣河点位1—5之间具有显著正相关性(p0.01),说明各监测点位相互之间存在较大影响;主成分的主要影响因素为高锰酸盐指数,氨氮,COD,BOD5,Cd,Mn,Cr等的监测值,点位1—5污染程度排序为:点位5点位1点位2点位3点位4;污染成因分析结果表明,花垣河水体中存在无机污染和有机污染,周边企业废水和居民生活污水是花垣河水体污染的主要来源。 相似文献
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近几十年来,塔里木河下游河道断流,地下水水位剧烈下降,天然植被衰退,为恢复和重建塔里木河下游严重受损的生态系统,从2001年到2006年,先后进行了8次生态应急输水.在实地考察和前人研究资料的基础上,对塔里木河下游生态输水的背景进行了介绍.分析了生态输水后地下水位恢复情况、地下水矿化度变化、植被对生态输水的响应以及生态输水对土地沙漠化情况的影响.结果认为,生态输水后塔里木河下游沿河道两岸一定范围内生态环境得到明显的改善,但仍存在一些问题,如目前生态输水主要建立在博斯腾湖和开都河高水位的基础上,如果遇枯水期则无法实现.若长期大量从博湖调水,必然导致博湖水环境的恶化. 相似文献