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乳酸菌诱导线粒体生物发生对绵羊肌纤维特性和肉品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了研究乳酸菌对苏尼特羊肌纤维特性和肉品质的影响及其作用机理,选择12只、3月龄健康无病的纯种苏尼特羊,随机分为2组:对照组(基础日粮)和乳酸菌组(基础日粮、2 g/只(植物乳杆菌添加量为3×1010 cfu/g)),进行为期90 d的饲喂试验。屠宰后取其背最长肌,利用ATPase组织化学染色法和实时荧光定量技术对肌纤维特性、肌球蛋白重链(Myosin Heavy Chains,MyHCs)和线粒体生物发生相关基因的mRNA表达量进行测定,此外测定代谢酶活力、生长性能和肉品质,探究肌纤维特性存在差异的原因。结果表明:乳酸菌显著提高了肌肉排酸24h的pH值(P0.01),降低肉的黄度值(P0.05)和蒸煮损失(P0.01)。肌纤维分析结果显示乳酸菌显著提高了ⅡA型肌纤维的数量比例(P0.01),降低了ⅡB型肌纤维的数量比例(P0.01),同时MyHCⅠ(P0.05)、MyHCⅡa (P0.01)、 MyHCⅡx (P0.01) mRNA表达量均显著提高。乳酸菌显著提高了琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinate Dehydrogenase,SDH)的酶活力(P0.05),降低了乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic Dehydrogenase,LDH)的酶活力(P0.05)。此外,乳酸菌显著提高了腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶α1(AMP-activated protein kinaseα1,AMPKα1)(P0.01)、沉默信息调节因子1(Sirtuin1,SIRT1)(P0.01)和细胞色素C氧化酶Ⅳ(Cytochrome c oxidase,COXⅣ)(P0.05)mRNA表达量。综上所述,日粮添加乳酸菌可能通过提高AMPKα1、SIRT1和COXⅣmRNA表达量促进骨骼肌线粒体生物发生,增强肌肉的氧化代谢能力,促进苏尼特羊的肌纤维类型发生转化,进而改善肉品质,研究结果为改善绵羊的肉用品质提供参考。 相似文献
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选用21日龄断奶的杜×长×大仔猪60头,随机分为基础日粮组、添加0.2%中药复方日粮组和添加0.02%粘杆菌素日粮组,试验期为28 d,分别于试验开始后第7、14和28天每组随机取5头试猪,前腔静脉采血,分离血清,测定游离氨基酸含量。结果表明,中药复方日粮组的血清总氨基酸含量在第14天和第28天显著高于基础日粮组(P<0.05),必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸值在第14天和第28天显著高于基础日粮组和粘杆菌素日粮组(P<0.05),赖氨酸、苏氨酸和蛋氨酸含量在第14天和第28天显著高于基础日粮组(P<0.05)。提示在日粮中添加0.2%中药复方能显著提高早期断奶仔猪血清游离氨基酸(尤其是必需氨基酸)的含量,有利于机体蛋白质的快速沉积及生长性能的提高。 相似文献
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植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ脱脂乳的发酵工艺优化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为研发富含植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ新型益生菌发酵乳制品,该试验尝试用植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ和嗜热链球菌共发酵,并对植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ发酵乳的工艺进行了优化研究。通过单因素试验分析了大豆多肽添加量、葡萄糖酸锰添加量、嗜热链球菌的接种量和发酵温度对发酵乳的pH值和植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ活菌数的影响。通过响应面法优化并确定了最佳工艺条件:大豆多肽添加质量分数11 g/kg;葡萄糖酸锰添加质量分数11 mg/kg;嗜热链球菌的接种量106 CFU/g;植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ的接种量106 CFU/g;发酵温度为37℃。在此优化最佳工艺条件下,发酵乳的植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ的活菌数为1.88×109 CFU/mL,有效地提高了发酵乳中植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ的活菌数。研究结果可为拓展植物乳杆菌ST-Ⅲ在乳制品领域的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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50头经产的黑白花奶牛200天的试验表明,在基础日粮中添加异位酸的试验牛,平均每头每日产奶量比喂基础日粮的对照牛多1.01公斤,增加5.14%(P<0.01);折算成标准奶,每头每日比对照牛多产1.41公斤,增加7.84%(P<0.01)。乳脂、乳蛋白和乳中干物质的含量分别提高4.43%,1.31%和2.68%。试验牛产1公斤标准奶所需要的奶牛能量单位和粗蛋白质比对照牛低。两组牛的健康状况和繁殖性能相似。 相似文献
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乳酸菌发酵作为果蔬汁的一种绿色加工技术,不仅可以赋予产品独特的风味,还可以转化其中的活性物质,提高产品的营养价值和保健功效。该研究以湖北杂交枸杞为原料,使用6种乳酸菌(植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌及发酵乳杆菌)进行发酵,研究发酵前后枸杞果汁理化特性、主要活性成分及体外抗氧化变化,并利用主成分分析进行综合评价优选出理想的发酵菌株。结果表明,6种乳酸菌在枸杞果汁中生长良好,活菌数均能达到10.0 lg CFU/mL以上。发酵后的枸杞果汁中总糖和还原糖含量显著降低(P0.05),且植物乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌产酸能力更强,发酵后总酸含量达6.74、6.07g/kg。与未发酵枸杞果汁相比,经植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁中总酚含量增加了13.76%～28.07%,而嗜酸乳杆菌和干酪乳杆菌发酵后无显著性差异(P0.05)。6种乳酸菌发酵后枸杞果汁中总黄酮含量增加了55.80%～161.97%。发酵枸杞果汁的抗氧化活性与发酵前相比均有显著提高(P0.05)。基于主成分分析的综合评价函数显示经植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌发酵的枸杞果汁品质更优,适宜作为开发枸杞高值化绿色加工饮品的发酵剂。 相似文献
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为提高甘薯淀粉加工副产物的高值化利用水平,本试验以植物乳杆菌(Lp)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb)、戊糖片球菌(Pp)、嗜热链球菌(St)、商业植物乳杆菌(SZ)6种乳酸菌分别对甘薯渣进行发酵,系统分析不同发酵产物的pH值、总酸含量及营养功能成分,并采用灰色理论加权关联度对甘薯渣发酵产物进行综合营养评价,筛选适宜发酵甘薯渣的乳酸菌菌种。结果表明,6种乳酸菌的发酵能力存在显著差异,其中Lb组pH值最低(3.15),Lc组总酸含量最高(27.90);同时,不同乳酸菌对发酵产物中营养功能成分的影响存在显著差异,其中Lb组乳酸含量最高(11.60 mg·mL-1),SZ组乙酸含量最高(66.99μg·mL-1),Lb组可溶性膳食纤维含量最高(0.74 g·100 mL-1),St组总酚含量最高(146.87μg GAE·mL-1)。与未发酵样品相比,Lc组游离氨基酸总量提高了3.71倍;所有发酵产物中的Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se等矿物质元素含量均显著提高。进一步通过灰色理论加权关联度分析发现... 相似文献
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试验选用32头品种、胎次、饲养水平相同、健康的断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂剔除抗生素和抗菌素的仔猪基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组分别在仔猪基础日粮的上添加12、15、18mL／kg乳酸杆菌,通过30天的试验期后,测定4组的生长性能指标。结果表明:对照组的腹泻率明显高于试验组,腹泻率最低的是试验Ⅲ组;头平均日增重试验Ⅲ组与其它3组差异显著(P＜0．05),对照组和试验Ⅱ组差异显著(P＜0．05),其中试验Ⅲ组头平均日增重最高,为358g,对照组最低,为303g;试验Ⅲ组与其它3组料重比差异显著(P＜0．05),试验Ⅱ组与试验Ⅰ组差异不显著(P＞0．05),和对照组差异显著(P＜0．05),料重比较为理想的是试验Ⅲ组,其次是试验Ⅱ组。 相似文献
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植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）能够抑制黄曲霉生长,但起主要抑菌作用的物质尚未明确。该研究采用非靶向代谢组学技术比较分析了8株抑菌活性较好（S组）和8株抑菌活性较差（W组）的L. plantarum发酵上清液。结果显示,两组L. plantarum发酵上清液的代谢组存在显著差异（P<0.05）。通过数据库比对鉴定得到咪唑乙酸、酪氨酸等30个显著差异代谢物（P<0.05）,其中有机酸、脂肪酸等酸性物质较多为22个。通过与已报道的乳酸菌产生的抗真菌物质相比较,找到十八烷酸、吲哚乙酸等结构一致或结构类似物,表明上清液中酸性物质起主要的抑菌作用,且其抑菌活性依赖于低 pH 值的酸性环境。在L. plantarum产生的主要有机酸中,乳酸、乙酸、丙酸的抑菌活性良好,其抑制黄曲霉活性从大到小依次为丙酸、乙酸、乳酸。当乙酸浓度为2.64g/L、丙酸浓度为1.76 g/L时,可完全抑制浓度为106个/mL的黄曲霉孢子生长。综合表明,植物乳杆菌代谢物中有机酸和脂肪酸为主要抑菌物质,且抑菌活性随酸性物质浓度增大而增强。 相似文献
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Contribution of the microbial and meat endogenous enzymes to the free amino acid and amine contents of dry fermented sausages. 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The role of the starter culture and meat endogenous enzymes on the free amino acid and amine contents of dry fermented sausages was studied. Five batches of sausages were prepared. The control batch was manufactured with aseptic ingredients without microbial inoculation. The other four experimental batches were manufactured with aseptic ingredients inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum 4045 or Micrococcus-12 or L. plantarum 4045 and Micrococcus-12 or L. plantarum 4045 and Staphylococcus sp. Their effects on pH, a(w), myofibrillar proteins, and free amino acid and amine contents were studied. Sausages inoculated only with L. plantarum 4045 or with this starter combined with a Micrococcaceae had the lowest pH as a result of carbohydrate fermentation. In all batches similar patterns were observed for myofibrillar proteins and free amino acids which could indicate that meat endogenous proteases play an important role in proteolytic phenomena. No changes were observed in the amine fraction, indicating that the strains used as starter cultures did not show amino acid decarboxylase activity. 相似文献
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Moñino I Martínez C Sotomayor JA Lafuente A Jordán MJ 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(9):3363-3367
The aim of the present work is to study whether the introduction of rosemary plant byproduct, from plant steam distillation, in daily Segurena sheep feeding allows the transfer of active antioxidant components to lamb meat, without detriment to the animal productivity. For this, 36 Segurena ewes were assigned randomly to three homogeneous groups. One group was fed a basal diet as a control and the diet of the other two groups was modified by substituting 10 or 20% of the control diet (respectively) with distilled rosemary leaves. Chromatographic analysis allowed the identification of 11 polyphenolic components previously identified in the rosemary and basal diet pellets, respectively. Among them, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, and carnosic acid were the phenolic components that had a significantly increased presence ( P < 0.05) in the lamb meat from sheep mothers fed this aromatic herb, when compared to the control group. The incorporation of this byproduct into the animal diet favored the antioxidant capacity of these lamb meat samples. Fresh meat produced on rosemary had higher total ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) ( P < 0.05), greater ability to reduce ABTS*+, and lower IC50 (DPPH*) ( P < 0.05) values when compared to the control group. Because no statistically significant differences were detected among the results obtained from the lamb meat belonging to the different ewe groups fed rosemary leaf extract (10 or 20%), it can be concluded that the incorporation of distilled rosemary leaves at a rate of 10% of the ewes' diet should be enough to improve the lamb meat antioxidant status. 相似文献
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同/异型乳酸菌对青贮玉米开窖后品质及微生物的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
该研究旨在分析添加不同发酵类型的乳酸菌处理对开窖后玉米（Zea mays L.）青贮发酵品质、微生物数量及有氧稳定性的影响,为生产实践提供参考。设计4个添加乳酸菌玉米青贮处理：CK处理（不加任何菌剂）;T处理（同型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus plantarum和Pediococcus acidilactici复合添加,添加量为1∶1,1×105 cfu/g;Y处理（异型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus buchneri,添加量为1×105 cfu/g;TY处理（同型+异型发酵乳酸菌）：Lactobacillus plantarum、Pediococcus acidilactici和Lactobacillus buchneri复合添加,添加量为1∶1∶1,1×105 cfu/g。发酵期为60 d,检测开窖后各处理第0、48、96、144、192、240 h发酵品质及微生物的变化,应用隶属函数法对玉米青贮发酵品质及微生物数量进行综合评判。结果表明Y和TY处理的有氧稳定时间显著高于其余处理（63.87～64.67 h,P<0.05）,分别达到195.58和196.21 h,且乙酸质量分数始终显著高于CK和T处理（P<0.05）。T处理pH值始终显著低于其余处理（P<0.05）,且乳酸质量分数始终显著高于CK和Y处理（P<0.05）。Y处理WSC（water soluble carbohydrate）质量分数始终显著高于其余处理（P<0.05）,霉菌数量始终显著低于其余处理（P<0.05）。CK处理的NH3-N质量分数,好氧细菌数量及CO2产量始终显著高于其余处理（P<0.05）。开窖时间与各处理的CO2产量、乳酸菌和酵母菌数量分别满足Allometric1,ExpDec1和Logistic非线性关系,与霉菌和好氧细菌数量呈一元线性关系。综合评价排序：Y处理>TY处理>T处理>CK处理。因此,单一添加异型发酵乳酸菌的玉米青贮,开窖后在改善发酵品质、降低有害微生物数量、提高有氧稳定性方面均优于单一添加同型或复合添加乳酸菌的玉米青贮。 相似文献
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Bread spoilage is mainly due to the growth of filamentous fungi, and metabolites produced during sourdough fermentation by lactobacilli can inhibit fungal growth. One of these metabolites is phenyllactic acid (PLA), which is a catabolite from phenylalanine. In this work, the influence of peptide supply and cosubstrates was determined on PLA formation from phenylalanine by Lactobacillus plantarum TMW1.468 and Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis DSM20451(T). Transport of single amino acids is not efficient in lactobacilli, and only 1% of the offered phenylalanine was converted to PLA. PLA yields were increased 2-4-fold when peptides instead of single amino acids were used as a substrate. The accumulation of phenylalanine after peptide addition indicated that, after transport, transamination was the second limiting factor. In L. plantarum TMW1.468, PLA yields were increased from 5 to >30% upon the addition of alpha-ketoglutarate. In L. sanfranciscensis DSM20451, a combination of both citric acid and alpha-ketoglutarate increased PLA formation. The combined effect of citric acid and alpha-ketoglutarate can be attributed to changes in the NAD/NADH ratio. 相似文献
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Sánchez-Patán F Tabasco R Monagas M Requena T Peláez C Moreno-Arribas MV Bartolomé B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(29):7142-7151
Lactobacillus plantarum IFPL935 was incubated with individual monomeric flavan-3-ols and dimeric A- and B-type procyanidins to identify new metabolites and to determine the effect of compound structural features on bacterial growth and catabolism. Complex extracts rich in A-type proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids from cranberry were also tested. The results showed that L. plantarum IFPL935 exhibited higher resistance to nongalloylated monomeric flavan-3-ols, A-type dimeric procyanidins, and cranberry extract than to (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate and B-type dimeric procyanidins. Despite these findings, the strain was capable of rapidly degrading (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, but not A- or B-type dimeric procyanidins. However, it was able to produce large changes in the phenolic profile of the cranberry extract mainly due to the catabolism of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acids. Of most relevance was the fact that L. plantarum IFPL935 cleaved the heterocyclic ring of monomeric flavan-3-ols, giving rise to 1-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(2″,4″,6″-trihydroxyphenyl)propan-2-ol, activity exhibited by only a few human intestinal bacteria. 相似文献
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Espín JC González-Barrio R Cerdá B López-Bote C Rey AI Tomás-Barberán FA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(25):10476-10485
Ellagitannin-containing foods (strawberries, walnuts, pomegranate, raspberries, oak-aged wine, etc.) have attracted attention due to their cancer chemopreventive, cardioprotective, and antioxidant effects. Ellagitannins (ETs) are not absorbed as such but are metabolized by the intestinal flora to yield urolithins (hydroxydibenzopyran-6-one derivatives). In this study, Iberian pig is used as a model to clarify human ET metabolism. Pigs were fed either cereal fodder or acorns, a rich source of ETs. Plasma, urine, bile, lumen and intestinal tissues (jejunum and colon), feces, liver, kidney, heart, brain, lung, muscle, and subcutaneous fat tissue were analyzed. The results demonstrate that acorn ETs release ellagic acid (EA) in the jejunum, then the intestinal flora metabolizes EA sequentially to yield tetrahydroxy- (urolithin D), trihydroxy- (urolithin C), dihydroxy- (urolithin A), and monohydroxy- (urolithin B) dibenzopyran-6-one metabolites, which were absorbed preferentially when their lipophilicity increased. Thirty-one ET-derived metabolites were detected, including 25 urolithin and 6 EA derivatives. Twenty-six extensively conjugated metabolites were detected in bile, glucuronides and methyl glucuronides of EA and particularly urolithin A, C, and D derivatives, confirming a very active enterohepatic circulation. Urolithins A and B as well as dimethyl-EA-glucuronide were detected in peripheral plasma. The presence of EA metabolites in bile and in urine and its absence in intestinal tissues suggested its absorption in the stomach. Urolithin A was the only metabolite detected in feces and together with its glucuronide was the most abundant metabolite in urine. No metabolites accumulated in any organ analyzed. The whole metabolism of ETs is shown for the first time, confirming previous studies in humans and explaining the long persistency of urolithin metabolites in the body mediated by an active enterohepatic circulation. 相似文献
18.
为了研究在培养基中添加微量生长因子对菌株冷冻干燥存活率的影响,该研究以植物乳植杆菌LIP-1（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LIP-1）为研究对象,探究培养基中添加尿嘧啶对菌株冷冻干燥存活率的影响及其作用机制。结果表明与未添加尿嘧啶的空白对照组相比,在培养基中添加0.05 g/L尿嘧啶能够显著提高植物乳植杆菌LIP-1的活菌数与冻干存活率（P＜0.05）。对其作用机制进行探究,发现尿嘧啶的加入能够促使菌株合成更多的尿苷二磷酸（P＜0.05）,从而使肽聚糖含量显著增加（P＜0.05）,进而提高细胞壁的稳定性;同时尿嘧啶的加入抑制了乳清酸向尿苷二磷酸的转化,使胞内的乳清酸含量显著升高（P＜0.05）,菌株利用乳清酸的抗氧化能力减轻了活性氧对细胞膜不饱和脂肪酸的氧化程度,进而减少了细胞膜的损伤程度。结果表明植物乳植杆菌LIP-1通过代谢尿嘧啶减轻了细胞壁与细胞膜受到的冻干损伤,提高了菌株的冻干存活率。研究结果为提高菌株冷冻干燥存活率提供了新的方法和思路。 相似文献
19.
超高压处理改善苦荞淀粉理化性质及益生菌群落 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为研究超高压(ultra-high pressure,HHP)处理对苦荞淀粉理化性质及功能性的影响,该文以6个不同压力处理后的苦荞淀粉为材料,利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等分析了其淀粉颗粒大小、晶体结构、溶解度、透光率、冻融稳定性等特性,并通过建立体外模型模拟人体消化以及肠道发酵过程,利用气相色谱质谱联用技术和平板计数法,对小鼠粪便发酵液短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acid、SCFAs)含量及主要菌群进行了测定。试验结果表明:超高压处理后苦荞淀粉颗粒出现凹陷与粘连状态,并逐渐失去原有形态,但其结晶类型仍为典型的A型,其结晶度在200 MPa时达到最大值41.8%;溶解度和膨胀度均随着压力的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,并且其透光率会下降,其中在200 MPa时,溶解度和膨胀度都达到了最低0.83%和171%,而冻融稳定性会有一定的改善。此外,超高压处理后苦荞淀粉使肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量显著增加(P0.05),而大肠杆菌、肠球菌的生长受到显著抑制(P0.05)。同时,肠道内的pH值显著下降(P0.05),SCFAs中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸显著增加(P0.05),综上所述,超高压处理后苦荞可作为一种良好的天然改善肠道菌群的食物来源。 相似文献