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1.
为研究甲氧虫酰肼(RH-2485)对舞毒蛾幼虫的杀虫活性,采用叶片药膜法测定该药剂对舞毒蛾不同龄期幼虫的生物活性及对其体内解毒酶活性的影响,并通过SDS-PAGE对舞毒蛾幼虫不同组织的蛋白质表达进行检测。结果表明:甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾2～6龄幼虫均表现出较高活性,其中对2,3龄幼虫毒性最强,说明甲氧虫酰肼对舞毒蛾幼虫的影响存在明显的龄期差异。该药剂对2,4,6龄幼虫体内的羧酸酯酶、多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶等主要解毒酶存在显著影响,表现为诱导、抑制作用;在不同的处理时间,对这些酶的影响存在明显差异。舞毒蛾4龄幼虫经甲氧虫酰肼处理后,血淋巴、中肠及表皮组织中均发现与对照组有差异的蛋白,其中处理12h和24h时,对血淋巴和中肠组织中的蛋白质影响比较明显,48h后,对表皮组织中的蛋白质表达的影响较为显著。甲氧虫酰肼作为非甾醇类蜕皮激素竞争物中的新型化合物,能干扰舞毒蛾幼虫体内主要解毒酶活性,诱导血淋巴、中肠和表皮组织中产生特异蛋白,从而影响舞毒蛾正常的生理代谢,起到毒杀作用,可有效防治舞毒蛾。 相似文献
2.
【目的】采用喷施茉莉酸处理诱导长白落叶松产生系统抗性,分析系统抗性对舞毒蛾生长发育和繁殖的影响,揭示局部与全株处理诱导抗性的差异。【方法】以3种不同浓度(0.01、0.10和1.00 mmo L·L-1)的茉莉酸局部或全株喷施长白落叶松苗,以喷水组为对照(CK),观察记录各处理组舞毒蛾生长发育状况和产卵量,分析其解毒代谢酶的活性。【结果】取食用茉莉酸局部或全株处理长白落叶松后,各处理组舞毒蛾3~6龄幼虫体质量均低于CK,其中1.00和0.10 mmol·L-1局部及全株处理组的舞毒蛾3~6龄幼虫、0.01mm·L-1局部和全株处理组的舞毒蛾5、6龄幼虫体质量与CK差异显著(P0.05)。各处理组的幼虫存活率、雌雄蛹质量和产卵量均低于CK,其中除了0.10 mmol·L-1全株处理外,其他各处理组的蛹质量均和产卵量与CK差异显著(P0.05)。浓度相同时,茉莉酸局部处理对舞毒蛾生长发育和产卵量的抑制作用与全株处理相近,且处理浓度为1 mmol·L-1时的抑制作用优于其他2种浓度。0.10 mmol·L-1局部处理组舞毒蛾3龄幼虫体内的ACP、AKP活性和4龄幼虫体内的AKP、SOD、POD活性均显著高于CK(P0.05),且局部与全株处理组幼虫保护酶和解毒酶活性的变化趋势一致。【结论】茉莉酸局部处理长白落叶松后能系统诱导增强其抗虫性,抑制舞毒蛾的生长发育和繁殖,且诱导效果与全株处理相近,舞毒蛾幼虫也能通过提高体内保护酶和解毒酶的活性抵御落叶松产生的诱导抗性。 相似文献
3.
《中国森林病虫》2015,(5)
在邳州市进行美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea药剂室内筛选及田间飞防试验,测试飞防喷洒质量。室内测试结果为,24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂3000倍液,10%虫螨腈悬浮剂1500倍液,20%虫酰肼悬浮剂3000倍液防治美国白蛾幼虫药后5 d的防治效果分别为100%,48.3%,83.2%。田间飞防试验结果表明:4个药剂处理防治美国白蛾幼虫药后7 d的防治效果均达到99%以上,24%甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂具有较高的靶标选择性,且速效性较好,对3龄以上幼虫具有极好的击杀作用;10%虫螨腈悬浮剂+20%虫酰肼悬浮剂有较强的击倒特性;25%灭幼脲悬浮剂+20%高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油具有较好的击杀效果,但灭生性较强,靶标选择性差;25%灭幼脲悬浮剂+5.7%甲维盐微乳剂对3龄以上幼虫速效性较差。建议美国白蛾防治中优先推广使用甲氧虫酰肼,如考虑用药成本,建议使用虫酰肼和虫螨腈组合。 相似文献
4.
为了研究多杀菌素对森林害虫舞毒蛾的杀虫活性,采用叶片药膜法测定多杀菌素对舞毒蛾3龄和5龄幼虫的生物活性及致死中量对其体内解毒酶活性的影响。结果表明:多杀菌素24h致死中浓度(LC50)分别为0.0249mg·L-1(3龄)和0.2269mg·L-1(5龄);致死中量多杀菌素对舞毒蛾3龄和5龄幼虫体内解毒酶存在不同程度的影响,其中对羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)、多功能氧化酶(MFO)和碱性磷酸酯酶(ALP)大体上均表现为先激活后抑制作用,差异显著(P<0.05);而对酸性磷酸酯酶表现为抑制-激活-抑制作用,差异极显著(P<0.01)。LC10和LC50剂量的多杀菌素对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫的发育历期无显著影响,但能显著降低幼虫成活率及化蛹率(P<0.05)。多杀菌素对舞毒蛾有较强杀虫活性,能够有效影响舞毒蛾的生化指标,干扰其正常的生长发育,可以作为防治舞毒蛾的安全有效药剂。 相似文献
5.
为明确不同杀虫剂对榕透翅毒蛾不同龄期的敏感度,研究采用胃毒法测定了8种杀虫剂稀释500倍、1 000倍和1 500倍3种浓度分别对榕透翅毒蛾初孵幼虫和3龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明：8种杀虫剂均具有一定的防治效果,其中5%阿维菌素、12%甲维·虫螨腈、15%甲维·茚虫威对榕透翅毒蛾初孵幼虫防治效果较好,3种浓度在24 h后校正死亡率均达100%;15%甲维·茚虫威、12%甲维·虫螨腈和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯的500倍和1 000倍浓度对榕透翅毒蛾3龄幼虫具有较好的防治效果,在24 h后校正死亡率均达100%;3龄幼虫较初孵幼虫而言,耐药性更强,同一药剂同一浓度处理下3龄幼虫的校正死亡率更低或达到100%校正死亡率时间更长。因此,可选用5%阿维菌素、12%甲维·虫螨腈、15%甲维·茚虫威和4.5%高效氯氰菊酯作为当前防治榕透翅毒蛾的主要防治药剂。 相似文献
6.
采用质量法和酶活性测定法研究了毒死蜱对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar)3龄幼虫食物利用的影响,并测定了其毒力及解毒酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性。用亚致死浓度(1.5 mg·L-1)毒死蜱处理小黑杨叶片,饲喂舞毒蛾3龄幼虫,其幼虫生长率(RGR)、食物利用率(ECI)和食物转化率(ECD)均显著低于对照,而近似消化率(AD)显著高于对照,相对取食量(RCR)处理和对照间差异不显著。毒死蜱对舞毒蛾幼虫24 h致死中浓度(LC50)为5.86 mg·L-1,其毒力低于三氟氯氰菊酯而高于氧化乐果。毒死蜱对舞毒蛾3龄幼虫体内羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)和AChE均有抑制作用,抑制程度为CarE＞AChE＞GSTs。毒死蜱通过影响舞毒蛾食物利用和抑制酶活性而表现出杀虫活性,为一种有效防治舞毒蛾的有机磷杀虫剂。 相似文献
7.
兴安落叶松诱导抗性对舞毒蛾幼虫解毒酶活性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了解不同诱导处理与落叶松诱导抗性及广食性昆虫舞毒蛾协同抗性之间的关系,以喷施茉莉酸甲酯、茉莉酮、舞毒蛾幼虫取食和松毛虫幼虫取食4种方法处理落叶松幼苗,检验舞毒蛾幼虫取食不同处理诱导的落叶松后,其中肠酸性磷酸酯酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酯酶(AKP)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)4种解毒酶活性随时间的变化趋势。结果表明:取食不同处理诱导的落叶松后,舞毒蛾幼虫酸性磷酸酯酶活性均显著低于对照;取食经舞毒蛾幼虫取食诱导的落叶松后,试虫中肠碱性磷酸酯酶活性先升高后降低,除此之外,取食其他3种处理诱导的落叶松后,幼虫中肠碱性磷酸酯酶活性均受到抑制;幼虫羧酸酯酶活性也都受到不同程度抑制,与对照相比差异极显著;幼虫谷胱甘肽S-转移酶的活性,取食茉莉酸甲酯和舞毒蛾幼虫取食处理的幼苗显著低于对照,而取食另外2种处理的幼苗显著高于对照。舞毒蛾幼虫取食诱导的植物抗性,可影响同一种群后续取食者的解毒机制,这是植物抗性和昆虫种内竞争的综合表现。茉莉酸甲酯作为一种外源植物激素,可诱导植物产生抗性,且有效抑制后续取食者的解毒作用,其作用强度与作用时间与舞毒蛾幼虫取食处理极为相似。茉莉酸甲酯可作为有效的植物诱导剂,在害虫... 相似文献
8.
为探索荧光增白剂Tinopal LPW对舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒(LdNPV)的增效机制,明确寄主植物、LdNPV地理品系对舞毒蛾酚氧化酶(Phenoloxidase,PO)的影响,用Tinopal LPW,LdNPV 3种不同地理品系(LdNPV-H品系、LdNPV-D品系、LdNPV-J品系)以及它们的混合液共6个处理,蒸馏水及Tinopal LPW 2个对照,分别处理以青杨、华北落叶松和山杏为寄主植物的舞毒蛾5龄幼虫.在处理后12,24,48,72,96 h测定舞毒蛾5龄幼虫血淋巴酚氧化酶(PO)比活力,每处理30头5龄幼虫,重复3次.结果表明:寄主植物对舞毒蛾5龄幼虫血淋巴PO比活力的影响差异显著.纯病毒品系感染舞毒蛾幼虫时,12 h取食3种植物的幼虫血淋巴PO比活力均高于对照,24 h后低于对照.3个地理品系与Tinopal LPW混合液感染舞毒蛾幼虫,其PO活力与取食的寄主植物有关,取食山杏时,3个品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制均显著高于纯病毒品系及对照.取食青杨或华北落叶松时,H品系和D品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制显著高于单独病毒品系,但J品系的Tinopal LPW混合液对PO活力的抑制与单纯J品系无显著差异.Tinopal LPW对照与清水对照比较,显著降低了舞毒蛾幼虫PO活力. 相似文献
9.
7种杀虫剂对黄野螟的药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浸渍法在室内测定了7种不同化学药剂毒杀黄野螟高龄幼虫的药效试验,结果表明:处理后24h,森得保原药、25%灭幼脲3号增效粉剂30倍滑石粉粉剂、绿僵菌400倍溶液、白僵菌300倍溶液对高龄幼虫的校正死亡率均达100%,3%苯氧威2000倍溶液、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱100倍溶液和240g/l甲氧虫酰肼2000倍溶液对高龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为96.6%、72.7%和29.6%。处理后48h,森得保10倍滑石粉粉剂、25%灭幼脲3号增效粉剂50倍滑石粉粉剂、绿僵菌500倍溶液、白僵菌500倍溶液、3%苯氧威4000倍溶液对高龄幼虫的校正死亡率均达100%,1.2%烟碱·苦参碱100倍水溶液和240g/l甲氧虫酰肼2000倍水溶液对高龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为94.2%和85.0%。 相似文献
10.
11.
Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an ectoparasitoid that is used for inundative biological control of various lepidopteran insect pests. Lethal and sublethal effects of two biorational insecticides, methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl, were evaluated on H. hebetor under laboratory conditions. The adults were exposed to dry insecticide residues that were applied on glass plates. Bioassays showed that the LC50 values of methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl were 155 and 1,226 μg a.i./ml, respectively. The LT50 values of methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl were 2.1 and 3.3 days, respectively. The effects of methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl on larvae were tested using a dip method with field-recommended concentrations of either insecticide. The emergence rates were reduced by 24.4 and 29.3 % for methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl treatments, respectively. In order to assess the sublethal effects of low-lethal concentrations of methoxyfenozide and pyridalyl, adult wasps were exposed to the LC30 concentration of each insecticide, and demographic parameters of live wasps were recorded. Exposure of adults to low-lethal concentrations (LC30) negatively affected the fecundity, fertility, and sex ratio, and also the intrinsic rate of increase (r m), finite rate of increase (λ), generation time (T), and doubling time (DT). The longevity and net reproductive rate (R 0) of H. hebetor were not affected by sublethal exposure to these insecticides. The results showed that despite low acute toxicities of both insecticides on larval and adult stages of H. hebetor, they may negatively affect the population of the parasitoid and interfere in IPM programs. 相似文献
12.
Langa Teófilo P. Dantas Kayo C. T. Pereira Daniel L. de Oliveira Marcos Ribeiro Lílian M. S. Siqueira Herbert A. A. 《Journal of pest science》2022,95(1):351-364
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is heavily targeted by insecticide applications. Methoxyfenozide is highly effective against T. absoluta with reduced side effects to natural enemies. This work aimed to (1) genetically and biochemically characterize resistance of the T. absoluta GBN population to methoxyfenozide, (2) establish cross resistance profiles with other insecticide groups and (3) monitor resistance in populations with the goal of improving T. absoluta insecticide resistance management (IRM). Methoxyfenozide resistance was completely recessive, polyfactorial and autosomal. Effective dominance revealed that 10 mg methoxyfenozide/L would be enough to eliminate susceptible homozygotes and heterozygotes, thus used to diagnose resistance in field populations. The synergism of methoxyfenozide toxicity in the resistant population for PBO (SR?=?95×), DEF (SR?=?51×) and DEM (SR?=?45×), suggested monooxygenases, esterases and glutathione S-transferases as resistance mechanisms. However, only monooxygenase activity appeared to be involved in methoxyfenozide resistance. Resistance ratio for methoxyfenozide (2352-fold) after selection and cross-resistance ratios of a lab-selected GBN strain (“GBN-Sel”) were significant relative to a susceptible strain “JDR1-Sus” for tebufenozide (656-fold), cartap hydrochloride (10.68-fold), deltamethrin (4.70-fold), abamectin (2.65-fold), lufenuron (2.22-fold) and indoxacarb (1.92-fold), with negative cross-resistance to spinetoram (0.32-fold). Evidence of control failures was observed in 10 field populations of T. absoluta (mortalities between 13 and 76%), and all populations showed frequencies of resistant phenotypes (percentage survivorship ranging between 4 and 96%). A rational basis for managing resistance to bisacylhydrazines is discussed, along with details of recommended T. absoluta resistance management tactics.
相似文献13.
Sarfraz Ali Shad Ali H. Sayyed Sahar Fazal Mushtaq A. Saleem Syed Muhammad Zaka Muhammad Ali 《Journal of pest science》2012,85(1):153-162
Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest and has been shown to be resistant to a wide range of insecticides, which
has led to sporadic out breaks of the pest and failure of crops. We were interested to establish if resistance to insecticides
is diverse in different populations of S. litura collected from various areas with variable temperatures. We collected S. litura from eight different locations and compare the toxicity of insecticides. Resistance to the pyrethroids ranged from 20- to
11,700-fold compared with the Lab-PK (laboratory susceptible population). The resistance to bifenthrin was the lowest in a
population collected from Multan and the highest to esfenvalerate in a population collected from Lodhran. Similarly, very
high level of resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide was observed in all eight populations. In contrast,
resistance to organophosphates was significantly lower than the pyrethroids, spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide, while
toxicity of emamectin to field populations was similar to the Lab-Pk. The results are discussed in relation to integrated
pest management (IPM) for S. litura with special reference to management of field evolved resistance to insecticides. 相似文献
14.
针对5种杀虫剂进行了杜鹃冠网蝽的田间防治试验,结果表明：20％氯氟·毒死蜱微乳剂、10％烯啶虫胺可溶液剂、25％吡蚜酮可湿性粉剂、5％甲维盐水分散粒剂、24％甲氧虫酰肼悬浮剂是防治杜鹃冠网蝽的有效药剂。氯氟·毒死蜱、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、甲维盐为防治杜鹃冠网蝽的首选药剂,药后第14d的防效均在97％以上。其次是甲氧虫酰肼,药后第14d的防效在80％以上。 相似文献
15.
The side effects of methoxyfenozide, indoxacarb, pyridaben, acetamiprid, azadirachtin A, spinosad, and propargite on Aphidius colemani, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, and Neoseiulus cucumeris were tested under laboratory conditions. Methoxyfenozide had low toxic effect on all three species, causing mortality after
24 h in 4.4, 11.4, and 29.3% of N. cucumeris, A. colemani, and A. aphidimyza, respectively. Similarly, indoxacarb caused mortality after 24 h in 11.9, 20.0, and 24.9% of A. aphidimyza, N. cucumeris, and A. colemani, respectively. In general, N. cucumeris exhibited the lowest sensitivity to all the insecticides. In contrast, A. colemani was highly sensitive to most of the tested insecticides. Methoxyfenozide was shown to significantly reduce fecundity of A. aphidimyza. In contrast, there was no effect of pure azadirachtin A on A. colemani fecundity. Results showed that both methoxyfenozide and indoxacarb would be suitable for use in the integrated pest management
(IPM) because of their low toxic effect against all of the tested model species of natural enemies. 相似文献
16.
A diet-incorporation larval bioassay was used to evaluate the response of the leafroller Pandemis heparana (Denis and Schiffermüller) to seven insecticides: tebufenozide (Mimic 23% a.i., Bayer), methoxyfenozide (Prodigy 23% a.i., Bayer), flufenoxuron (Cascade 50 DC 4.7% a.i., BASF), lufenuron (Match 5.32% a.i., Syngenta), indoxacarb (Steward WG 30% a.i., Du Pont), abamectine (Vertimec EC 1.9% a.i., Syngenta) and spinosad (Laser 44.2% a.i., Dow Agro Science). Both neonate and 12-day-old (third to fourth instar) larvae were used in the bioassay. The obtained efficacy baselines were compared with the response of the pest exposed to leaves treated with the same insecticides. The persistence of field-aged leaf residues of the seven insecticides was bioassayed on neonate larvae. Given the obtained LC50 values in the diet-incorporation bioassays larval age was not always a significant factor affecting the response of P. heparana larvae. Differences in LC50 values between neonate and 12-day-old larvae were not statistically significant for abamectine, tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide. Young larvae seemed to be more susceptible than older larvae to spinosad, indoxacarb and lufenuron, while flufenoxuron was more effective against 12-day-old than neonate larvae. When the larvae were exposed to the insecticides on treated leaves, all the tested compounds were less effective on older larvae than on neonates. When applied at the recommended field rates, all seven insecticides can be considered highly effective against both neonate and 12-day-old larvae of P. heparana because their security index (SI = recommended field rate/LC90) always exceeded the threshold value of 1. The high persistence of insect growth inhibitors (IGIs) and moulting accelerating compounds (MACs) in the field compensates for their relatively low SI values. For this reason and given their activity against Cydia pomonella, IGIs and MACs are the most interesting insecticides for spring treatments for the combined control of both species, P. heparana and C. pomonella. 相似文献
17.
对４种桉树和易生根的山指甲、一品红、福建茶插条吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性变化与生根的关系研究结果表明，容易生根的植物体内ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性较低，难生根的植物ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性都较高。同一植物枝条的不同切段，体内ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性差别较大，近顶端部分酶活性较低，离顶端较远的部分酶活性依次升高。各植物的ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性均表现季节性差异，不同植物有各自的表现规律。插条扦插后，体内的ＩＡＡ氧化酶活性有逐渐升高的趋势。本 相似文献
18.
为取得茶树氨同化关键酶活性的最优测定方法,以4个茶树品种的不同器官为材料,比较和讨论了不同器官间和品种间氨同化关键酶活性,对Tris-HCl缓冲液不同pH值的条件下提取的氨同化关键酶活性分析比较,得出缓冲液对酶活性的影响以及4个茶树品种的最适宜pH值。结果表明缓冲液的pH值对茶树顶芽、当年生叶、2年生叶以及根系的酶活性影响极显著,并且均以缓冲液pH值为7.0时得到的酶活性较高。4个器官的GS活性基本上是随缓冲液pH值的升高而增强,并且在pH7.0和7.5时处于较高水平;4种器官的GOGAT活性则是随pH的升高呈现"下降-上升-下降"的变化,当年生叶和2年生叶片的GOGAT活性在pH6.0时最低,之后开始上升,根系和顶芽则是在pH6.5时最低。主成分分析结果表明,缓冲液pH7.0是研究4个茶树品种4个器官氨同化酶活性的最优pH值。品种间GS活性差异显著,GOGAT活性差异极显著;器官间GS和GOGAT活性差异均极显著。 相似文献
19.
研究不同温度梯度(0℃、5℃和10℃)及不同处理时间(10d、20d和30d)对缬草种子萌发及过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:5℃30d条件下发芽率为39.7%,且种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性最高;0℃10d和0℃20d条件下发芽率仅分别为13.3%和19.3%,种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶酶相对较低。在同等低温条件下,种子的发芽率和发芽势随着处理时间的延长而增高,过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的活性也越高。低温处理能有效的提高缬草种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同处理会造成缬草种子发芽指标和酶活性的差异。 相似文献