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试验通过常规化学成分分析和体外产气技术,测定了贵州9种灌木主要营养成分含量、体外产气量(GP)、体外干物质消化率(IVDMD)和代谢能(ME),并对营养成分、单宁含量与粗灰分、IVDMD和ME代谢能进行相关性分析,同时采用模糊评分法对不同灌木饲用价值进行了综合评定。结果表明,9种饲用灌木粗蛋白含量平均值为19.84%、粗纤维含量为11.41%～29.02%、可溶性总糖达4.6%以上;另外,粗蛋白与粗灰分、粗纤维、单宁含量呈显著负相关,与粗脂肪含量、IVDMD和ME呈正相关,与IVDMD和ME达极显著水平;9种饲用灌木粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量高,粗纤维含量适中,单宁含量低,IVDMD和ME高,对山羊等反刍家畜具有较高的潜在饲用价值,可大面积推广利用。 相似文献
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以典型草原5种主要牧草羊草(Leymus chinensis)、大针茅(Stipa grandis)、达乌里胡子枝(Lespedeza davurica)、扁穗冰草(Agropyron cristatum)和中华隐子草(Cleistogenes chinensis)为研究对象,通过饲料常规营养成分的检测分析和牧草品质评定预测公式对其生产特性、营养成分及饲用价值进行综合分析比较。结果表明:大针茅的产量最高,为235.06 kg/hm2,牧草营养成分高低排序为:扁穗冰草大针茅中华隐子草羊草达乌里胡枝子,饲用价值高低排序为:扁穗冰草大针茅羊草中华隐子草达乌里胡枝子。结合牧草的实际生产产量,综合评价5种牧草的利用价值及质量品质为:扁穗冰草大针茅中华隐子草羊草达乌里胡枝子。本研究可以为该地区典型草原主要牧草在家畜营养中的应用提供合理的参考依据。 相似文献
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豆科牧草研究进展 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：11
John Frame 《草业学报》2001,10(4):1-17
豆科牧草的属间、属内、种间与种内均存在着巨大的遗传变异，利用这种变异，通过育种与选择，已培育出可良好地适应广泛的环境与管理条件的品种，遗传操作为此提供了更为广阔的空间，在豆科牧草固氮方面，对固氮过程、氮向伴生禾草的传送途径及残余氮对后继农作物的价值均有了进一步的理解。对包括施氮、采摘策略和影响混播草地中禾本科－豆科牧草平衡的胁迫等相互作用因素均已给予了阐明。在禾草／白三叶草草地为基础的家畜生产系统中，氮素的损失及其对环境产生的不良作用低于大量施氮的禾草草地系统。与禾草相比，豆科牧草无是用作放牧、青贮或用作干草，其物理、化学和解剖学等方面的特性均可增加家畜的嗜食性和自由采食量。由于豆科牧草的营养价值、可利用营养成分和采食特征，在单一豆科牧草或豆科牧草比重较大的禾草－豆科牧草混播草地上采食的不同种类、不同类型家畜的个体生产性能均优于在禾草草地上采食者。值得注意的是浓缩单宁在动物营养中的有益作用，这类单宁存在于诸如百脉根（Lotus corniculatus）、红豆草（Onobrychis viciifolia）和冠状岩黄芪（Hedys-crum coroharium）等植物中，其防止家畜患膨胀病，通过使较多的氨态氮到达小肠而提高氮的利用，并减轻绵羊肠道中线虫的作用。显然，培育含浓缩单宁的转基因豆科牧草是植物育种者现阶段的主要目标之一。此外，豆科牧草亦有许多其他用途，例如，在葡萄园中用作保护性植被，禾谷类作物的下层植被和为制药业提供次生化合物等。豆科牧草以其植物多态性和花朵的颜色等亦在美化景观和自然保护区中发挥着作用。可以预见，豆科牧草的作用在温带可持续农业中的作用将会增加，充分发掘现有的知识和相关研究成果，及有效的技术将是未来豆科牧草利用的主要特色。 相似文献
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简述饲用灌木的特性,单宁的分布以及理化性质,剖析了单宁的作用机理和生物活性以及测定方法,重点阐述单宁对反刍动物抗营养与营养作用。 相似文献
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牧草刈割时应注意的问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了达到放牧家畜全年营养的均衡,保证在枯草季节如冬、春季有足够的补饲牧草,从天然草原和人工草地上刈割牧草,制作干草、青贮和半干贮饲草,是减少家畜冬、春死亡,实现草原畜牧业稳定发展的先决条件。牧草刈割时应注意以下问题: 相似文献
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墨西哥饲用玉米为禾本科类蜀黍属一年生草本，学名点Euchlaena mexicane Schrad.，原产于墨西哥。经四川省大面积种植结果表明，墨西哥饲用玉米是遗传稳定的品种，具有易种、高产优质、适应性强、生产成本低等优点，是四川省农区的优质高产牧草，也是草食家畜、鱼的理想饲草。 相似文献
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五台山苔草的饲用价值 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文简述了在五台山高海拔低气温下生长的三种苔草（披针苔草、矮丛苔草和亚柄苔草）在整个放牧期间各种营养成分稳定，蛋白质含量后期还略有上升，脂肪含量在花后营养期成倍增长，高达１２％以上，比较少见，本地人称苔草为油草或抓膘草可能每高指肪含量相关。苔草返青早、耐牧、面积大，使家畜在早吃到营养丰富的青草，减少冬春因缺青饲草的死亡现象，说明苔草是五台山放牧场上不可忽视的优良牧草之一，也说明在高寒地区饲用牧草低 相似文献
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Biruk Kebede Kim Van De Wiel Jill Derix Taye Tolemariam Veronique Dermauw Marta Lourenço Geert Paul Jules Janssens 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(5):841-848
The dry season in tropical regions urges livestock to feed on nutritionally very poor diets. It has not been explored how tropical sheep—assumed grazers—and tropical goats—intermediate browsers—cope with a high-fibre tannin-rich diet. This study was designed to determine the effects of a high-fibre and tannin-rich diet on the flow of important microminerals iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) throughout the digestive tract of tropical sheep and goats. The feeding trial was set up with twelve adult male animals, six sheep with mean body weight (BW) of 30.3 ± 1.6 kg and six goats with mean BW of 26.4 ± 2.2 kg. The feed consisted of 36% leaves of Millettia ferruginea, 61% hay and 3% concentrate and was offered at 3% of BW (all on dry matter (DM) basis). The total faecal collection was carried out for 7 consecutive days. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were slaughtered to collect liver and digesta samples from the gastrointestinal tract. Feed, digesta and faecal samples underwent analysis of Fe, Zn, and Cu and total tannins (TT). Goats had significantly higher reticulum Cu concentrations expressed on DM as compared to sheep. Faecal Cu concentrations were higher for goats compared to sheep. Reticulum and colon digesta Zn levels were higher in goats than sheep. Abomasum and colon Fe levels were higher in sheep than goats when expressed on DM. These results suggest differences in feed intake, micromineral absorption, secretion and excretion between sheep and goats, pointing to a divergent mineral metabolism as an adaptation to the challenge of a dry season diet having very low nutritive value. 相似文献
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Performance and hemtochemical parameters of buck‐kids fed concentrate partially replaced with tropical Piliostigma thonningii foliage 
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下载免费PDF全文 Olurotimi A. Olafadehan Ahmed A. Njidda Sunday A. Okunade Sarah O. Salihu David O. Balogun Abdelfattah Z. M. Salem 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(2):340-347
Fifteen 5‐month‐old Red Sokoto buck‐kids, (6.6 ± 0.71 kg body weight (BW)) randomly distributed into three groups of five animals per group, were used to study the effects of supplementary concentrate partially replaced with Piliostigma thonningii (PT) foliage on the growth performance, economic benefit and blood profile in a completely randomized design using analysis of variance. The goats in group 1 received 100% supplementary concentrates (PT0), groups 2 and 3 received 25% (PT25) and 50% (PT50), respectively, of concentrate replaced with an equal amount (dry matter basis) of Piliostigma foliage. The goats were fed a basal diet of threshed sorghum top (TST). Intake of concentrate, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total feeding cost and cost/kg BW were greater (P < 0.05) for PT0 than for PT25 and PT50. Consumption of P. thonningii foliage was greater (P < 0.05) for PT50 relative to PT25. Tannin consumption of the treatment diets were greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control concentrate diet. Serum urea N reduced (P < 0.05) with increasing level of concentrate replacement, while serum glucose was higher (P < 0.05) in PT0 than in PT50. However, means of all blood measurements were within normal ranges for goats. Net benefit showed this rank order: PT0 < PT50 < PT25 (all P < 0.05). Both differential and relative benefits were higher (P < 0.05) for PT25 than for PT50. P. thonningii foliage can replace 50% of supplemental concentrate without impairing feed intake, growth performance and health of buck‐kids. 相似文献
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为测试桃金娘鞣质对猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)的影响,体外试验以PEDV感染PK细胞为模型,采用细胞病变(CPE)效应法、MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,测定桃金娘鞣质抑制PEDV增殖的半数有效浓度(EC_(50))和治疗指数(TI),同时设利巴韦林对照组;体内试验以PEDV感染昆明种小鼠为模型,60只昆明种小鼠随机均分为6组,设桃金娘鞣质高剂量组、中剂量组、低剂量组、利巴韦林对照组、病毒对照组、健康对照组,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肠系膜淋巴结PEDV含量,观察桃金娘鞣质抗PEDV增殖能力。结果显示,桃金娘鞣质能明显抑制PEDV引起的细胞病变,半数有效浓度为0.021 mg/mL,不如利巴韦林0.0098 mg/mL(P0.05);治疗指数为361.9,优于利巴韦林214.28(P0.05);桃金娘鞣质能影响PEDV在小鼠体内的增殖数量,并呈现一定量效关系;桃金娘鞣质各剂量组小鼠肠系膜淋巴结PEDV含量均低于病毒对照组(P0.05),高、中剂量组小鼠肠系膜淋巴结PEDV含量均低于利巴韦林对照组(P0.05),小鼠肠系膜淋巴结PEDV含量在桃金娘鞣质高、中、低剂量组间也存在显著差异(P0.05)。试验表明,桃金娘鞣质具有体外、体内抗PEDV药理活性,有进一步开发抗病毒药物的价值。 相似文献
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H.D. Naumann S.A. Armstrong B.D. Lambert J.P. Muir L.O. Tedeschi M.M. Kothmann 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(1-2):93-98
The effect of molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) from a variety of warm-season perennial legumes commonly consumed by sheep and goats on anthelmintic activity has not been previously explored. The objectives of this study were to determine if molecular weight of CT from warm-season perennial legumes could predict the biological activity of CT relative to anthelmintic activity against ivermectin resistant L3 stage Haemonchus contortus (HC) using a larval migration inhibition (LMI) assay. A second objective was to determine if CT from warm-season perennial legumes possess anthelmintic properties against L3 stage (HC). Lespedeza stuevei had the greatest concentration of total condensed tannin (TCT; 11.7%), whereas, with the exception of Arachis glabrata, a CT-free negative control, Leucaena retusa had the least TCT (3.3%). Weight-average molecular weight of CT ranged from 552 Da for L. stuevei to 1483 Da for Lespedeza cuneata. The treatments demonstrating the greatest percent LMI were L. retusa, L. stuevei and Acacia angustissima var. hirta (65.4%, 63.1% and 42.2%, respectively). The ivermectin treatment had the smallest percent LMI (12.5%) against ivermectin resistant L3 HC. There was a weak correlation (R2 = 0.34; P = 0.05) between CT MW and percent LMI, suggesting that molecular weight of CT is a weak contributing factor to CT biological activity as it relates to LMI of L3 stage HC. L. stuevei, L. retusa and A. angustissima var. hirta STP5 warrant further evaluation of anthelmintic properties in vivo. 相似文献