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1.
HU GUO-SONG 《土壤圈》1994,4(2):153-164
The study results of the effects of temperature and ionic strength on the adsorption kinetics of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by latosol, red soil and kaolinite coated with Mn oxide showed that Pbr" and Cur" adsorption by all samples, as a whole, increased with raising temperature. Temperature also increased both values of Xm (the amount of ion adsorbed at equilibrium) and k (kinetics constant) of Pb2+ and Cu2+ The activation energies of Pb2+ adsorption were kaolin-Mn>red soil>goethite and those of Cu2+ were latosol>red soil>kaolin-Mn>goethite. For a given single sample the activation energy of Cu2+ was greater than that of Pb2+. Raising ionic strength decreased the adsorption of Pb2+ and Cu2+ by latosol, red soil and kaolinite coated with Mn oxide but increased Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption by goethite. The contrary results could be explained by the different changes in ion forms of Pb2+ or Cu2+ and in surface charge characteristics of latosol, red soil, kaolin-Mn and goethite. Increasiclg supporting electrolyte concentration in-creased Xm and k in goethite systems but decreased and k in kaolin-Mn systems. All the timedependent data fitted the surface secondorder equation very well.] 相似文献
2.
HU Guo-Song 《土壤圈》1996,6(3):251-258
The kinetics of H+ releasing after Pb2+ adsorption was studied by the potentiometric method combined with the acid-base titration curve technique. Results showed that pH of latosol, red soil and kaolinite suspensions dropped sharply, and then decreased gradually. Most of the H+ exchanged, more than 60%, was displaced at the first minute after Pb2+ was added into the suspension. More H+ was released at a higher concentration of Pb2+ added for a given sample and the amount of H+ released decreased in the order of red soil > latosol > kaolinite at a given concentration. The time-dependent data of H+ releasing of latosol, red soil and kaolinite at two concentrations could be fitted best with the second-order equation among the six equations, including second-order equation, two-constant equation, Elovich equation, parabolic diffusion equation, first-order equation and exponential equation. The H+/Pb2+ exchange stoichiometry increased with time, and a stable ratio of H+/Pb2+, being 1.73, 1.92 and 2.01 for kaolinite, latosol and red soil, respectively, was reached 25 minutes later. 相似文献
3.
The effects of sorbed phosphate on the kinetics of Cu^2 secondary adsorption on three major types of soils in southern and Central China were studied using the batch method and flow (or miscible displacement) techniques.Both of the methods showed that diffusions were the ratedetermining steps in the Cu^2 adsorption by the soils.By the flow method,the course of Cu^2 adsorption kinetics consisted of two steps-sn initial rapid process and a later slow process of Cu^2 adsorption;while by the batch method,the 90% of Cu^2 adsorption reaction was found to finish within first 1 minute.The results obtained using the flow method also indicated that for red soil and yellow-brown soil ,Cu^2 adsorptions during the initial reaction periods were restrained when the soils sorbed phosphate,whereas the adsorption reactions were stimulated at the final time,For grey Chao soil,sorbed phosphate retarded the Cu^2 adsorption in the whole reaction period.The results obtained using the batch method and low techniques all implied that the different effects of sorbed phosphate would be attributed to its effects on Cu^2 ion diffusion in soil solution. 相似文献
4.
有机酸对高岭石, 针铁矿和水铝英石吸附镉的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Effects of organic acids （oxalic, acetic, and citric） on adsorption characteristics of Cadmium （Cd） on soil clay minerals （kaolinite, goethite, and bayerite） were studied under different concentrations and different pH values. Although the types of organic acids and minerals were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption of Cd on the minerals were similar, i.e., the amount of adsorbed Cd with an initial solution pH of 5.0 and initial Cd concentration of 35 mg L^-1 increased with increasing concentration of the organic acid in solution at lower concentrations, and decreased at higher concentrations. The percentage of Cd adsorbed on the minerals in the presence of the organic acids increased considerably with increasing pH of the solution. Meanwhile, different Cd adsorption in the presence of the organic acids, due to different properties on both organic acids and clay minerals, on kaolinite, goethite, or bayerite for different pHs or organic acid concentrations was found. 相似文献
5.
The study about the adsorption of phosphate on four variable charge soils and some minerals revealed that two stage adsorption appeared in the adsorption isotherms of phosphate on 4 soils and there was a maximum adsorption on Al-oxide-typed surfaces between pH 3.5 to pH 5.5 as suspension pH changed from 2 to 9, but the adsorption amount of phosphate decreased continually as pH rose on Fe-oxide typed surfaces. The adsorption amount of phosphate and the maximum phosphate adsorption pH decreased in the order of yellow-red soil > lateritic red soil > red soil > paddy soil, which was coincided with the content order of amorphous Al oxide. The removement of organic matter and Fe oxide made the maximum phosphate adsorption pH rise from 4.0 to 5.0 and 4.5, respectively. The desorption curves with pH of four soils showed that phosphate desorbed least at pH 5. Generally the desorption was contrary to the adsorption with pH changing. 相似文献
6.
Effects of Organic Anions on Phosphate Adsorption and Desorption from Variable—Charge Clay Minerals and Soil 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
HEZHEN－LI YUANKE－NENG 《土壤圈》1992,2(1):1-11
Effects of citrate and tartrate on phosphate adsorption and desorption from kaolinite,goethite,amorphous Al-oxide and Ultisol were studied.P adsorption was significantly decreased as the concentration of the organic anions increased from 10^-5 to 10^-1 M.At 0.1 M and pH 7.0,tartrate decreased P adsorption by 27.6%-50.6% and citrate by 37.9-80.4%,depending on the kinds of adsorbent.Little Al and/or Fe were detected in the equilibrium solutions,even at the highest concentration of the organic anions.Effects of the organic anions on phosphate adsorption follow essentially the competitive adsorption mechanism.The selectivity coefficients for competitive adsorption can be used to compare the effectiveness of different organic anions in reducing P adsorption under given gonditions. Phosphate desorption was increased by 3 to 100 times in the presence of 0.001 M citrate or tartrate compared to that in 0.02 M KCl solution alone.However,for all the soil and clay minerals studied the amount of P desorbed by citrate or tartrate was generally lower than or close to that of isotopically exchangeable P.The effect of organic anions on phosphate desorption arises primarily from ligand exchange. 相似文献
7.
Interactions of potassium and calcium ions with four typical variable charge soils in South China were examined by measuring pK-0.5pCa value with a potassium ion-selective electrode and a calcium ion-selective electrode,and pK value with a potassium ion-selective electrode.The results showed that adsorption of potassium and calcium ions increased with soil suspension pH,and the tendency of the pK-0.5pCa value changing with pH differed with respect to pH range and potassium to calcium ratio.Adsorption of equal amount of calcium and potassium ions led to release of an identical number of protons,suggesting similar adsorption characteristics of these two ions when adsorbed by variable charge soils.Compared with red soil,latosol and lateritic red soil had higher adsorption selectivities for calcium ion.The red soil had a greater affinity for potassium ion than that for calcium ion at low concentration,which seems to result from its possession of 2:1 type minerals,such as vermiculite and mica with a high affinity for potassium ion.The results indicated that adsorption of potassium and calcium ions by the variable charge soils was chiefly caused by the electrostatic attraction between the cations and the soil surfaces.Moreover,it was found that sulfate could affect the adsorption by changing soil surface properties and by forming ion-pair. 相似文献
8.
HU GUO-SONG 《土壤圈》1993,3(2):161-172
Different mathematical methods,including linearization,differential,integration and nonlinear least squares approximation (Newton-Marquardt method),were used to fit different kinetic equations,such as zero-order,first-order (i.e.membrane diffusion),second-order,parabolic-diffusion,Elovich,two-constant equations,to the experimental data of Pb^2 and Cu^2 adsorption on variable charge soils and kaolinite.Assuming each M^2 occupied two adsorption sites,two more equations,the so-caled surface second-order equation and third-order equation were derived and compared with the above equations according to the fitting results,which showed that the second-order equation and surface second-order equation,being one equation in different expressions under some conditions,were better than the other equations in describing the Pb^2 and Cu^2 adsorption kinetics,and the latter was the best. 相似文献
9.
Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on Cl- adsorption by variable charge soils 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids exist widely in soils and have been implicated in many soil processes.The objective of the present paper was to evaluate effect of two LMW organic acids, citric acid and oxalic acid, on Cl^- adsorption by three variable charge soils, a latosol, a lateritic red soil and a red soil, using a batch method. The results showed that the presence of citric acid and oxalic acid led to a decrease in Cl- adsorption with larger decreases for citric acid. Among the different soils Cl- adsorption in the lateritic red soil and the red soil was more affected by both the LMW organic acids than that in the latosol. 相似文献
10.
Adsorption of Potassium and Sodium Ions by Variable Charge Soils 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
Adsorption of potassium and sodium ions by four typical variable charge soils of South China was studied.The results indicated that the variable charge soils saturated with H and Al showed a much higher preference for potassium ions relative to sodium ions,and this tendence could not be changed by such factors as the pH,the concentration of the cations,the dielectric constant of solvent,the accompanying anions and the iron oxide content etc.,suggesting that this difference in affinity is caused by the difference in the nature of the two cations.It was observed that a negative adsorption of sodium ions by latosol and lateritic red soil in a mixed system containing equal amount of potassium and sodium ions at low pH,which is caused by a competitive adsorption of potassium and sodium ions and repulsion of positive charge on the surfaces of soil particles for cations.The adsorption of potassium and sodium ions increased with the decreases in the dielectric constant of solvent and the iron oxide content.Sulfate affected the adsorption of potassium and sodium ions through changing the surface properties of the soils. 相似文献
11.
温度对硼在土壤中吸附－解吸动力学的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effect of temperature on the properties of boron adsorption-desorption in brown-red soil,yellowbrown soil and calcareous alluvial soil of Hubei Province was investigated with the mobile displacement technique.The experimental data of B adsorption-desorption amounts and reaction time at 25 and 40℃ were fitted by the zero-order,first-order and parabolic diffusion kinetic equations.The adsorption process was in conformity with the parabolic diffusion law at both the temperatures,and the values of rate constant of the parabolic diffusion equation in B adsorption were 0.138,0.124 and 0.105 mg kg^-1 min^-1/2 at 25℃,and 0.147,0.146and 0.135mg kg^-1 min^1/2 at 40℃ for the brown-red soil,yellow-brown soil,and calcareous alluvial soil,respectively,The relationship between amount of B desorption and reaction time could be well described by the first-order kinetic equation,and the corresponding values of rate constant were 0.0422,0.0563 and 0.0384min^-1 at 25℃,and 0.0408,0.0423 and 0.0401min^-1 at 40℃ for the brown-red soil,the yellow-brown soil and the calcareous alluvial soil,respectively.Therefore,the desorption process of B might be related to the amount of B adsorbed in soil,The higher th temperature,the lower the amount of B adsorption of the same soil in the same reaction time,The values of the apparent activation energy of B adsorption in the three soils calculated with the rate constants of parabolic diffusion equation were 3.27,8.44 and 12.99 kJ mol^-1,respectively,based on the experimental data of B adsorption amounts and reaction time at and 40℃. 相似文献
12.
The morphologies of goethites in latosol,red soils,yellow-brown soil and the paddy soils developed from red soils were studied in comparison with the morphology of synthetic goethite by means of the X-ray diffration,transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis.The synthetic goethite displayed acicular particles elongated in the c-direction.The goethites in the latosol,red soils and yellowbrown soil were platy particles stretched in two directions or isodimensional particles,and those in the paddy soils from red soils were acicular,short columnar,palty or isodimensional particles,Various morphologies of the goethites probably suggested their different dominant crystal faces,surface charge distribution and surface adsorption characteristics. 相似文献
13.
To evaluate the role of kaolinite and variable charge soils on the hydrolytic reaction of Al, the hydrolysis of Al ions in suspensions of a kaolinite and an Oxisol influenced by organic anions was investigated using changes of pH, Al adsorption, and desorption of pre-adsorbed Al. Kaolinite and the Oxisol promoted the hydrolytic reaction of Al above a certain initial Al concentration (0.1 mmol L-1 for kaolinite and 0.3 mmol L-1 for the Oxisol). The Al hydrolysis accelerated by kaolinite and the Oxisol increased with an increase in initial concentration of Al and was observed in the range of pH from 3.7 to 4.7 for kaolinite and 3.9 to 4.9 for the Oxisol. The acceleration of Al hydrolysis also increased with the increase of solution pH, reached a maximum value at pH 4.5, and then decreased sharply. Al hydrolysis was promoted mainly through selective adsorption for hydroxy-Al. Soil free iron oxides compensated a portion of the soil negative charge or masked some soil surface negative sites leading to a decrease in Al adsorption, which retarded acceleration to some extent. For the Oxisol organic anions increased the proportion of adsorbed Al3+ in total adsorbed Al with the increase in soil negative surface charge and eliminated or reduced the acceleration of Al hydrolysis. Different organic anions inhibited the hydrolysis of Al in the order: citrate > oxalate > acetate (under initial pH of 4.5). The formation of Al-organic complexes in solution also inhibited the hydrolysis of Al. 相似文献
14.
Experiments were conducted to study the influences of synthetic bayerite, non-crystalline aluminum oxide (N-AlOH), goethite, non-crystalline iron oxide (N-FeOH) and kaolinite on the adsorption, activity, kinetics and thermal stability of invertase. Adsorption of invertase on iron, aluminum oxides fitted Langmuir equation. The amount of invertase held on the minerals followed the sequence kaolinite > goethite > N-AlOH > bayerite > N-FeOH. No correlation was found between enzyme adsorption and the specific surface area of minerals examined. The differences in the surface structure of minerals and the arrangement of enzymatic molecules on mineral surfaces led to the different capacities of minerals for enzyme adsorption. The adsorption of invertase on bayerite, N-AlOH, goethite, N-FeOH and kaolinite was differently affected by pH. The order for the activity of invertase adsorbed on minerals was N-FeOH > N-AlOH > bayerite > reak goethite > kaolinite. The inhibition effect of minerals on enzyme activity was kaolinite > crystalline oxides > non-crystalline oxides. The pH optimum of iron oxide- and aluminum oxide-invertase complexes was similar to that of free enzyme (pH 4.0), whereas the pH optimum of kaolinite-invertase complex was one pH unit higher than that of free enzyme. The affinity to substrate and the maximum reaction velocity as well as the thermal stability of combined invertase were lower than those of the free enzyme. 相似文献
15.
Hydroxyl release of red soil and latosol surfaces was quantitatively measured using a self-made constant pH automated titration instrument, to study the changes of hydroxyl release with different added selenite amounts and pH levels, and to study the effects of electrolytes on hydroxyl release. Hydroxyl release increased with the selenite concentration, with a rapid increase at a low selenite concentration while slowing down at a high concentration. The pH where maximum of hydroxyl release appeared was not constant, shifting to a lower valus with increasing selenite concentration. Hydroxyl release decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration, and the decrease was very rapid at a low electrolyte concentration but slow at a high electrolyte concentration. For NaClO4, NaCl and Na2SO4 hydroxyl release was in the order of NaClO4 > NaCl 》 Na2SO4, and the difference was very significant. But for NaCl, KCl and CaCl2, the order of hydroxyl release was NaCl > KCl > CaCl2, and the difference was smaller. The amount of hydroxyl release from Xuwen latosol was greater than that from Jinxian red soil. Hydroxyl release existed in a wider range of pH with Xuwen latosol than with Jinxian red soil, due to their difference in soil properties. However, both soils had similar curves of hydroxyl release, indicating the common characteristics of variable charge soils. 相似文献
16.
A study on energy changes and mechanisms of Cd sorbed on goethite was performed using the technique of microcalorimetry.The data of the amount of Cd sorpion(Aq) and concentration of Cd in equilibrium solution(Ce),and the data of Aq and the heat effect(AH) caused by Cd^2 sorption on goethite all fitted Langmuir isotherm.The amount of heat released from Cd sorption on goethite increased with the amount of Ce or Aq.The reaction process of Cd sorption on goethite may be divided into five stages and three plateaus,depending on the variation of enthalpy change(ΔaHm) of Cd sorption with Aq,which implied three mechanisms of interaction between Cd and goethite.The experimental results showed that the microcalorimetry may be useful for determination of microcalorie variation in soil. 相似文献
17.
磷的吸附和表面电荷特征及其与华南地区某些土壤矿物的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The phosphate adsorption and surface charge characteristics of the tropical and subtropical soils derived from different parent materials in China were determined, and their relations to soil mineralogy were analysed. The results showed that all soil phosphate adsorption curves were well fitted by Freundlich equation and Langmuir equation. The maximum buffering capacity of P ranged from 66 to 9 880 mg kg-1, with an increasing order of purple soil, skeletal soil, red soil, lateritic red soil, yellow soil and latosol; and the highest value was 149 times the lowest value, which indicated great differences among these soils in phosphate adsorption and supplying characteristics. The pH0 (zero point of charge) values obtained by salt titration-potential titration varied from 3.03 to 5.49, and the highest value was found in the latosol derived from basalt whereas the lowest value was found in the purple soil. The correlation analysis indicated that the main minerals responsible for phosphate adsorption in the soils were gibbsite, amorphous iron oxide and kaolinite; and the pH0 was mainly controlled by kaolinite, gibbsite and oxides. 相似文献
18.
华中南部某些土壤针铁矿的形态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The morphologies of goethites in latosol, red soils, yellow-brown soil and the paddy soils developed from red soils were studied in comparison with the morphology of synthetic goethite by means of the X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The synthetic goethite displayed acicular particles elongated in the c-direction. The goethites in the latosol, red soils and yellow-brown soil were platy particles stretched in two directions or isodimensional particles, and those in the paddy soils from red soils were acicular, short columnar, platy or isodimensional particles. Various morphologies of the goethites probably suggested their different dominant crystal faces, surface charge distribution and surface adsorption characteristics. 相似文献
19.
黑土轻组分C与团聚体水稳性的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To evaluate the role of kaolinite and variable charge soils on the hydrolytic reaction of Al, the hydrolysis of Al ions in suspensions of a kaolinite and an Oxisol influenced by organic anions was investigated using changes of pH, Al adsorption, and desorption of pre-adsorbed Al. Kaolinite and the Oxisol promoted the hydrolytic reaction of Al above a certain initial Al concentration （0.1 mmol L^-1 for kaolinite and 0.3 mmol L^-1 for the Oxisol）. The Al hydrolysis accelerated by kaolinite and the Oxisol increased with an increase in initial concentration of Al and was observed in the range of pH from 3.7 to 4.7 for kaolinite and 3.9 to 4.9 for the Oxisol. The acceleration of Al hydrolysis also increased with the increase of solution pH, reached a maximum value at pH 4.5, and then decreased sharply. Al hydrolysis was promoted mainly through selective adsorption for hydroxy-Al. Soil free iron oxides compensated a portion of the soil negative charge or masked some soil surface negative sites leading to a decrease in Al adsorption, which retarded acceleration to some extent. For the Oxisol organic anions increased the proportion of adsorbed Al^3＋ in total adsorbed Al with the increase in soil negative surface charge and eliminated or reduced the acceleration of Al hydrolysis. Different organic anions inhibited the hydrolysis of Al in the order： citrate 〉 oxalate 〉 acetate （under initial pH of 4.5）. The formation of Al-organic complexes in solution also inhibited the hydrolysis of Al. 相似文献
20.
The types,contents and morphologies of crystalline Fe oxides and their relations to phosphate adsorption on the clay fractions in soils with varable charge in southern China were investigated by means of XRD,TEM,EMA and chemical analysis methods.Results indicated that the types and contents of crystalline Fe oxides varied with the soils examined.The dominant crystaline Fe oxide was hematite in the latosols and goethites in the red soils.In yellow-brown soils,the only crystalline Fe oxide was goethite.The difference between Ald and Alo came mainly from the Al Substituting for Fe in the Fe oxides.The crystal morphology of goethite appeared mainly as subrounded flat or iso-dimensional rather than acicular particles,Hematities occurred in plates of various thickness,Their MCDa/MCDc ratios in the latosols and red soils were generally above 1.5 and below 1.5,respectively.The MCD values of goethites and hematites were 15-25nm and 20-35nm,and their specific surface areas were 80-120m^2/g and 35-75m^2/g,respectively.The goethite crystals were generally smaller,Variations of the total amounts of crystalline Fe oxides in clay fractions were not related to plhophats adsorption.The types,contents and morphologies of crystalline Fe oxides in the soils remarkably affected phosphate adsorption characteristics of the soils.The phosphate adsorption of goethite was much greater than that of hematite,The higher th MCDa/MCDc ratio of hematite,the lower the phosphate adsorption. 相似文献