共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in the dog (orogastric aspiration technique) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An orogastric aspiration technique is presented for the estimation of pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in the anaesthetised dog. Reference values for volume, pH and hydrogen ion output, 'acidity' and hydrochloric acid output, chloride, sodium, potassium and pepsin outputs were measured and calculated in 23 clinically healthy dogs. It was concluded that 30 and 45 minute hydrogen ion, hydrochloric acid and chloride peak outputs were the most suitable parameters for the acid secreting capacity of the parietal cells. Reference values for 30 and 45 minute peak outputs were respectively 1.63 to 3.61 and 1.50 to 3.35 mmol per hour per kg0.75 (hydrogen ion), 1.86 to 3.64 and 1.65 to 3.42 mmol per hour per kg0.75 (hydrochloric acid) and 2.35 to 4.13 and 1.98 to 3.91 mmol per hour per kg0.75 (chloride). Reproducibility of pepsin outputs was so poor that they cannot be used as parameters for gastric secretory capacity. 相似文献
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通过对21日龄黄羽肉鸡器官指数和胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胰脂肪酶、胰淀粉酶以及血清中木糖水平进行检测,研究酶制剂对动物内脏器官所产生的影响,以及组合酶和单酶之间的差异。木聚糖酶在小麦型日粮中添加,降低了肝脏、肌胃、腺胃、十二指肠、空肠和回肠的器官指数,增加了胰腺的器官指数;降低了胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的分泌水平;组合酶比单酶降低小肠器官指数更明显,单酶增加了胰脂肪酶的分泌水平,组合酶降低了胰脂肪酶的分泌水平,差异不显著(P>0.05)。小麦型日粮饲喂组血清中木糖的水平高于玉米型日粮组和加酶组,酶制剂的添加降低了血液中的木糖水平,各处理组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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Harada E Shizuyama M Ihara N Takeuchi T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(9):433-441
The alteration of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretory responses induced by secretagogues and neural input was investigated in post-weaning growth-retarded (GR) piglets. Blood and pancreatic juice were collected from these animals (6-8-weeks old). Plasma insulin and pancreatic digestive enzymes induced by nutrients, drugs and vagal stimulation were measured biochemically. The pancreas was inspected by immunohistochemical analysis. In GR piglets, the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations at the resting state were very low, and the secretory response was also markedly reduced, with maximum inhibition of 90% by glucose administration and 83% by arginine administration. The insulin secretion was not increased by 2-deoxy-D-glucose administration in GR piglets. The pancreatic juice secretions induced by vagal stimulation and secretagogues in GR piglets were not different from those induced in the control piglets. However, amylase activity in the pancreatic juice and in the pancreas was significantly decreased in GR piglets, although trypsin and chymotrypsin activities were not different. In the immunohistochemical analysis, the numbers of islets and the staining degree for insulin antibody also declined in the pancreases of GR piglets. These results indicated the reduction of insulin and amylase secretions from the pancreas in GR piglets, suggesting that a dysfunction of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion during growth after weaning may be an important factor in the induction of growth retardation in piglets. 相似文献
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本研究以纯化的大豆凝集素(SBA)为研究对象,体外研究了动物体内两大主要蛋白消化酶即胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶对其酶解作用。试验通过SDS-PAGE方法分析了SBA经蛋白酶酶解后的降解程度;利用间接竞争ELISA方法测定其在酶解过程中的活性变化。结果表明:SBA可缓慢地被胃蛋白酶降解,SBA浓度越高,完全降解需要的时间越长;随着SBA的降解,SBA的活性也逐渐减小,随着酶解时间的延长活性消失速度也逐渐变慢,并且在本研究选取的酶浓度作用下,SBA浓度越高,活性减小的速度越快,但活性完全消失的时间延长。然而,SBA不能被胰蛋白酶降解,并且酶解过程中SBA的活性也保持完好,说明SBA对胰蛋白酶具有很好的稳定性。因本研究结果将为进一步揭示大豆凝集素在动物体内的消化动力学及其对机体的抗营养作用机理研究奠定理论基础。 相似文献
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Forty-two samples were taken from the contents of the proximal small intestine of two lactating dairy cows fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannula. Most samples were free of detectable amylase activity. The (chymo)trypsinogen present was only partially activated to (chymo)trypsin. The activation was continued in vitro: slowly at the original pH of the samples (between pH 2.8 and 4.2), and faster after neutralization or a slight alkalinization. The effect of Ca, EDTA and soybean inhibitor on the activation of trypsinogen was also studied. The pancreatic enzymes were inactive in the acid pH range of the samples, but pepsin was markedly active. At pH 3.8 casein was digested rapidly by purified pepsin and slowly by the samples (agar-plate experiments). In model experiments performed with purified enzymes, pepsin digested (chymo)trypsin rapidly at pH 1-2 and slowly at pH 3.8. In the intestinal juice (chymo)trypsin and their zymogens seemed to be unaffected by pepsin under the conditions of the samples. It is concluded that the conditions prevailing in the duodenum/upper jejunum of the experimental cows account for a gastric-type digestion, despite the presence of pancreatic enzymes. In vivo the intestinal contents pass in distal direction. Meanwhile the pH of the chyme gradually increases and gives rise to first an increase of enterokinase activity accounting for a faster activation of the zymogens; second a start of function of activated pancreatic proteases and third a gradual decrease of pepsin activity and finally to its irreversible denaturation. Thus the development of intestinal type digestion is delayed in ruminants. 相似文献
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山楂、党参对鸭胰腺外分泌的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以北京鸭为试验动物,以手术的方法做胰-肠瘘管接取胰液。在生理条件下,分别测定北京鸭胰液总量、pH值、HCO-3、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性等指标的昼夜变化规律。并观测了中药山楂(FructusCrataegi)、党参(RadixCodonopsispicosulae)在生理和阿托品阻断M受体的条件下对鸭胰液分泌的影响。结果表明:(1)在生理条件下,胰液7个指标的昼夜分泌规律各异。(2)在生理条件下,山楂可显著增加胰液分泌总量(P<0.05),并极显著地提高淀粉酶活性(P<0.01)。党参极显著地升高胰液的蛋白含量(P<0.01),显著地提高淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。提示山楂、党参的健脾消食作用是通过促进胰液外分泌来实现的。(3)用阿托品阻断M受体后,再用山楂,可显著增加胰液总量、蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性(P<0.05);用党参可显著升高胰液蛋白含量、淀粉酶活性,抑制脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。说明山楂、党参均可拮抗阿托品对胰液分泌的抑制作用。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨单宁酸对生长猪胃、小肠仿生消化中消化酶活性及玉米-豆粕型饲粮干物质和粗蛋白消化率的影响，为评价单宁酸的生物学效应提供参考。试验一采用单因素完全随机设计，考察在无饲粮下2种单宁酸对猪模拟胃液、模拟小肠液消化酶活性的影响。设5个处理，单宁酸添加量分别为0 mg （胃液体积为20 mL，小肠液体积为22 mL）；单宁酸1，10 mg；单宁酸1，20 mg；单宁酸2，10 mg；单宁酸2，20 mg。测定各处理的胃蛋白酶、淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性。试验二考察玉米-豆粕型饲粮添加单宁酸对猪仿生消化中胃、小肠阶段消化酶活性及养分消化率的影响。采用单因素完全随机设计，设5个处理，单宁酸在饲粮中的含量分别为0 mg·（2 g）-1；单宁酸1，10 mg·（2 g）-1；单宁酸1，20 mg·（2 g）-1；单宁酸2，10 mg·（2 g）-1；单宁酸2，20 mg·（2 g）-1。测定仿生消化中胃阶段0.5和4 h时胃蛋白酶活性，小肠阶段0.5、4和8 h时淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性及生长猪胃-小肠仿生消化测定饲粮的干物质和粗蛋白消化率。结果表明：1）无饲粮的情况下，和空白对照组相比，2种单宁酸对模拟胃液中胃蛋白酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05），单宁酸1比单宁酸2更高地降低了模拟小肠液中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。2）在饲粮进行仿生消化的胃消化0.5～4 h内，除4 h时10 mg·（2 g）-1添加量外，添加单宁酸1时胃蛋白酶的活性均显著高于添加单宁酸2时的相应值（P<0.05），除单宁酸2在消化0.5 h外，2种单宁酸在添加10 mg·（2 g）-1时胃蛋白酶活性均显著高于20 mg·（2 g）-1添加量的相应值（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化0.5 h时，饲粮中添加单宁酸1、2的2个水平对消化液中淀粉酶活性无显著影响（P>0.05），但均显著降低了糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）；单宁酸1的消化液中胰蛋白酶活性高于单宁酸2的相应值（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化4 h时，除添加水平为20 mg·（2 g）-1时的糜蛋白酶活性外，饲粮中添加单宁酸1消化液中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶活性高于添加单宁酸2的相应值，而胰蛋白酶活性低于添加单宁酸2的相应值（P<0.05）。单宁酸1、2的两个添加量均降低了胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。在小肠仿生消化8 h时，饲粮中单宁酸的添加量影响了淀粉酶的活性，但单宁酸1和单宁酸2各两个添加量在淀粉酶的平均活性上无显著差异（P>0.05）。单宁酸1、2的两个添加量均降低了胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶的活性（P<0.05）。3）与对照组相比，两种单宁酸在两种添加水平下均显著降低了饲料粗蛋白消化率（P<0.05），且单宁酸2比单宁酸1更多地降低了饲粮粗蛋白的消化率（P<0.05）。综上所述，在有、无饲粮条件下，单宁酸对消化酶活性呈现不一致影响。单宁酸影响饲粮粗蛋白的消化率可能主要与消化液中糜蛋白酶活性降低以及单宁酸与饲粮中的化学成分形成螯合物降低了小肠消化酶的水解效率有关。 相似文献
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Proteases have a significant role in the life cycle of parasites and the pathogen-host relationship, being regarded as important virulence factors. In the parasitic nematode Hysterothylacium aduncum proteolytic activity was measured during in vitro development from third larval stage (L3) to mature adult, using DQ red casein as a fluorogenic substrate. Proteolytic activity was detected in all the developmental stages studied and at all pH values within the range employed (2.0-7.5). The assay with specific inhibitors permitted the determination of metalloprotease activity, and, to a lesser extent, that of aspartate- and cysteine-protease. Serine-protease activity was the lowest of those studied. In L3 recently collected from the host fish (L3-0 h), the greatest activity was found at an optimum pH of 4.0 and was mainly inhibited by 1,10-phenathroline (metalloprotease inhibitor). This metalloprotease activity in L3-0 h (infective stage) may be related to the invasion of the host tissues by this larva. In the other developmental stages, the greatest protease activity was found at pH 5.5, although at pH 4.0 a lower activity peak was detected. On the other hand, our data show that the proteolytic activity of the nematode varies according to the presence of pepsin (an aspartic-protease) in the culture medium. Thus, at pH 4.0, activity was greater in the absence of pepsin, with increasing aspartic-protease activity. Together with the detection of aspartic-, cysteine- and metallo-protease (enzymes involved in digestion in invertebrates) in all the developmental stages of the parasite taking place in the digestive tract of the host fish, this allows us to suggest that the pepsin in the culture medium mimics the predigestion conditions in the habitat of the worm within the host and that the activity detected may have, amongst others, a digestive function. 相似文献
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The inhibitory effect of peptide-precipitating lignosulphonic acids on the proteolytic activity of pepsin in vitro has been studied. When an unfractionated lignosulphonic acid preparation was used, total inhibition of the activity of 5 µg crystalline pepsin was obtained by addition of about 15 mg of lignosulphonic acids.The greatest inhibitory effect was seen with the high-molecular weight lignosulphonic acids, but an effect was also seen with middle-and low-molecular weight lignosulphonic acids.A reduction in the inhibitory effect was seen when the experiments were performed in the presence of arginine. The inhibition mechanism is discussed in relation to the peptide-precipitating ability of the lignosulphonic acids.No obvious protection against the appearance of stomach ulcers in four pigs receiving an ulcerogenic diet was seen. 相似文献
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J. A. M. Botermans M. S. Hedemann M. S. rhede‐Winzell CH. Erlanson‐Albertsson J. Svendsen L. Evilevitch S. G. Pierzynowski 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2000,83(1)
The effect of night feeding and feeding frequency on exocrine pancreatic secretion was studied in five chronically catherized growing pigs (16 to 31 kg). Feeding during the night (2200 to 2400 h) as compared to the day (1000 to 1200 h) tended to stimulate cholesterol ester lipase activity and tended to lower the colipase : lipase ratio in the pancreatic juice, but no effect on volume output, protein output and the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase, lipase and colipase could be demonstrated. Feeding 12 small meals between 0800 and 2000 h as compared to one large meal (1000 to 1200 h) daily, altered the pattern of exocrine pancreatic secretion, tended to stimulate protein output by 44 %, chymotrypsin activity by 29 % and lipase activity by 46 %. These observations strengthened the theory that exocrine pancreatic secretion is partly regulated by feed intake per se and does not only depend on the amount of feed consumed. Feeding 12 small meals versus one large meal, compared at the same total daily feed intake, lowered the colipase : lipase ratio by 32 %. It can be concluded that feed intake pattern affected exocrine pancreatic secretion. 相似文献
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Z.-G. Miao L.-J. Wang F. Zhu G.-W. Li 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(4):179-185
Abstract The activities of amylase, trypsin and lipase in pancreas and the activity of pepsin in cardiac mucosa were measured in Jinhua and Landrace gilts at 35, 80 and 125 days of age, respectively. Jinhua gilts had lower total trypsin and total pepsin activities compared with Landrace gilts (P<0.01), and lower pepsin activity (per g of cardiac mucosa) at 80 days (P<0.05) and 125 days of age (P<0.01). In contrast, Jinhua gilts had higher amylase activity (per g of pancreas) and lipase activity (per kg of empty body weight) compared with Landrace gilts (P<0.001), and higher total amylase activity at 35 days (P<0.05) and 125 days (P<0.01) of age. Jinhua gilts had higher lipase activity (per g of pancreas) at 35 days (P<0.05), 80 days (P<0.01) and 125 (P<0.001) days of age. 相似文献
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Effect of predigestion factors on the apparent digestibility of protein for swine determined by the Mobile Nylon Bag Technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Five Yorkshire x Lacombe barrows (45 kg initial wt) fitted with duodenal cannulas approximately 10 cm from the pyloric sphincter were used to determine the influence of the pH of the predigestion solution (pH 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5), pepsin activity (189 vs 377 IU/liter) and duration of predigestion (0, 1.5, 2.5 or 4.0 h) on the apparent digestibility of the protein in soybean meal (SBM), meal and bone meal (MBM) or canola meal (CM) determined with the Mobile Nylon Bag Technique (MNBT). An additional six barrows were used to determine protein digestibility by conventional methods. Protein digestibilities determined using conventional digestibility techniques were 93.1 +/- .7, 79.1 +/- 1.8 and 79.3 +/- 1.4% for the SBM, MBM and CM diets, respectively. Protein digestibilities determined with the MNBT were highest at pH 2.0 for all three protein sources. Increasing pepsin activity from 189 to 377 IU/liter resulted in a slight increase in the digestibility of SBM and CM, but not of MBM. The absence of predigestion (0 h) resulted in a dramatic reduction in protein digestibility; predigestion times of 1.5 or 2.5 h usually resulted in lower protein digestibilities than did a predigestion time of 4.0 h. The closest agreement between results obtained by the MNBT and conventional digestibility studies occurred with a pH of 2.0, a predigestion time of 4.0 h and a pepsin activity of 377 IU/liter. 相似文献
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The diversion of pancreatic juice and bile stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion but the mechanism behind this process is still not clear. The present study investigates the influence of long lasting (10 h) bile diversion or pancreatic juice and bile diversion on the pancreatic secretion in conscious pigs. The experiments were performed on 4 weaned piglets, which had a catheter inserted to the accessory pancreatic duct and bile duct and two cannulas to the duodenum. The depletion of bile alone or both bile and pancreatic juice (PJ) resulted in an increased preprandial pancreatic juice outflow, as compared to controls. Bile diversion increased the pancreatic response to feeding. PJ volume, protein outflow, and trypsin activity values were significantly higher in bile diverted pigs than in control pigs during the prandial and postprandial periods. While in pancreatic juice and bile diverted piglets the PJ protein outflow and trypsin activity slightly increased in response to feeding, their values were lower than those of the control piglets. In conclusion, both pancreatic juice and bile present in the small intestine play an important role in the regulation of the pancreatic juice secretion. 相似文献
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A three-phase laboratory procedure suitable for predicting protein degradability in the rumen and digestibility of undegraded protein is reported. In the first phase the feed was incubated with starch and buffered rumen fluid. In the incubation mixture the viability of protease-active bacteria was checked by anaerobic culturing, whereas changes in protease activity were monitored by azocasein degradation. In the second and third phase rumen undegradable protein (UDP) was digested with pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. The measurements showed that 63.2, 5.2 and 4.7% of the crude protein of green lucerne was decomposed by rumen fluid, pepsin and pancreatin, respectively. Degradability of the crude protein of extracted sunflower meal was 68.3, 17.7 and 5.5% in the three phases, respectively. Repeated determination yielded crude protein degradabilities of 66.7, 27.1 and 5.1% for the three phases, respectively. 相似文献
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In dogs with spontaneous heart disease, an electronically generated measurement of cardiac vagal tone, the cardiac index of parasympathetic activity, was a sensitive, simple and inexpensive measure of the severity of heart failure. Dogs with cardiac disease and an index score less than 3 were at 15.8 (95 per cent confidence interval 2.9 to 87.2) times the risk of dying within a year than those with a score of 3 and over. The measurement of the index provided an objective and reliable beat-by-beat measurement of cardiac vagal tone, which was prognostically useful in dogs with heart disease. 相似文献
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Farshid Shahriar John R. Gordon Elemir Simko 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2006,70(4):243-250
Septicemia and endotoxemia initiated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are relatively common in suckling and weaned piglets. Maternal milk is a source of both nutrition and immune protection for piglets. Passive transfer of colostral antibodies is necessary for protection of neonatal piglets against diseases, but the concentration of immunoglobulins in milk rapidly declines during the 1st wk of lactation in all mammals. We hypothesized, therefore, that nonimmunoglobulin substances in milk contribute to the innate protection of neonates against septicemia during the suckling period. Using LPS-affinity chromatography for isolation of LPS-binding proteins and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for their identification, we identified in porcine milk the following proteins with LPS-binding capacity: lactoferrin, soluble CD14, serum amyloid A, alpha-S1 casein, beta-casein, and kappa-casein. For lactoferrin, alpha-S1 casein, and kappa-casein, in vitro pepsin digestion did not inhibit LPS-binding activity, whereas combined digestion with pepsin and pancreatin abolished it. The biologic functions of these LPS-binding proteins and peptides were not determined. 相似文献
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Exogenous N-secretion of the pancreas was investigated with growing pigs with fistulae in the pancreas. For this purpose the two protein sources toasted and untoasted soybean oilmeal were used. After the feeding of untoasted soybean oilmeal a significant increase of the secretion volume and of protein outpour could be observed in contrast to toasted soybean oilmeal within 24 h. The heat-labile soybean trypsin inhibitor also caused an activity increase of the pancreatic enzymes. 相似文献