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“风雨送春归,飞雪迎春到。”倏忽间。又一年过去了。
在过去的一年里,中国奶业克服了饲料和原材料涨价、行业效益下滑的困难。锻炼了队伍。整合了牛群,提高了素质,增加了持续发展的潜力：见证了“南京宣言”的郑重承诺,整饬了乳制品市场秩序,宣扬了诚信经营理念,营造了公平竞争环境：有力反击了“牛奶有害论”,澄清了一度混淆的视听, 相似文献
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《养殖与饲料．饲料世界》2014,(1):26-26
1肉牛直线育肥的优点
一是缩短了生产周期,较好地提高了出栏率。二是改善了肉质,满足了市场对高档牛肉的需求。三是降低了饲养成本,提高了肉牛生产的经济效益。四是增加了草场的载畜量,可获得较高的生态效益。 相似文献
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<正>笔者最近走访了很多经销商,发现了很多问题,如地级经销商抱怨:很多以前合作的厂家都离自己而去了,批发不好做了,低价位、常规、大路货不好卖了。二级店都直接跟厂家合作了,市场被下面的县镇级经销商瓜分了,自己的份额越来越少了;县镇级经销商抱怨:销量越来越少了,费用却越来越高了,厂家任务越来越高了,一些曾经忠实的养殖场、 相似文献
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辛苦了一年，2008年12月26日上午，全省符市州饲料办正副主任欢聚一堂、交流经验，感慨万千。在即将过去的一年里，按照农业部的部署和要求，全省上下以最严格的标准，最坚决的态度，最严厉的措施，开展了饲料整治行动，查封了一批问题饲料，处理了一些违规企业，规范了企业生产经营行为，净化了饲料市场，专项整治取得了明显成效。 相似文献
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生猪恒温运输车的应用解决了养猪业生猪在长途运输过程中,运输车辆条件的不足;解决了当前生猪敞开式运输对生猪的各种伤害问题;降低了生猪因长途运输所产生各种应激反应和死亡率;降低了生猪运输成本和销售成本;提高了生猪的屠宰肉的品质;减少了生猪在运输过程中传染病的交叉感染和粪便对经过区域养殖场的防疫威胁;提高了动物福利待遇。 相似文献
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Michael Walker David Phalan James Jensen James Johnson Mark Drew Valerie Samii George Henry Jessica McCauley 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(3):249-254
Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats. 相似文献
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Zongping L 《Veterinary research communications》2003,27(5):397-405
Reference values were established for some haematological and serum biochemical constituents in Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) in China. The contents of seven trace elements in the blood, hair, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, lung, cerebrum, cerebellum, rib, ovary, pancreas and gluteal muscle of Bactrian camels were also measured. Some of these values are reported for the first time for Bactrian camels in China. Most haematological and serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, yaks, sheep and dromedary camels, but the mean serum albumin concentration and the albumim/globulin ratio were significantly higher than those in other ruminants and the mean thyroxine concentration was half that in dromedary camels. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron, and the renal cortex contained the highest concentration of selenium. The concentrations of selenium, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum in the tissues were within the reference ranges for other ruminants, but the mean iron and copper concentrations in the liver were significantly higher than those in other ruminants. 相似文献
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为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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为研究促红细胞生成素(EPO)在铅镉联合胁迫致雏鸡贫血中的作用,选用60只7日龄公雏鸡,平均分为对照组、铅组、镉组和铅镉组,每日经口灌服染毒,分别于第1、3、7天染毒后,检测雏鸡血液学指标和网织红细胞数量,并进行骨髓象的观察及红细胞膜ATP酶活性、红细胞渗透脆性和血清EPO含量的检测。结果表明铅镉单独染毒使雏鸡发生贫血,网织红细胞数量先增加后降低,骨髓象增生先活跃后受抑制,红细胞膜Na+-K+-ATPase、Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase活性降低,红细胞渗透脆性增加,血清EPO含量先增加后降低,铅镉联合染毒也表现出上述变化,且较单独染毒组变化明显(P<0.05或P<0.01)。本研究证实铅、镉单独及联合染毒均可引起雏鸡发生贫血,贫血类型主要为再生障碍性和溶血性贫血,且铅与镉存在显著的协同效应;EPO参与了铅镉联合胁迫致雏鸡的贫血作用。 相似文献
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Khan Sharun Kuldeep Dhama Ruchi Tiwari Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo Shailesh Kumar Patel Mamta Pathak Kumaragurubaran Karthik Sandip Kumar Khurana Rahul Singh Bhavani Puvvala Amarpal Rajendra Singh Karam Pal Singh Wanpen Chaicumpa 《The Veterinary quarterly》2021,41(1):107
Mastitis (intramammary inflammation) caused by infectious pathogens is still considered a devastating condition of dairy animals affecting animal welfare as well as economically incurring huge losses to the dairy industry by means of decreased production performance and increased culling rates. Bovine mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary glands/udder of bovines, caused by bacterial pathogens, in most cases. Routine diagnosis is based on clinical and subclinical forms of the disease. This underlines the significance of early and rapid identification/detection of etiological agents at the farm level, for which several diagnostic techniques have been developed. Therapeutic regimens such as antibiotics, immunotherapy, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics, stem cell therapy, native secretory factors, nutritional, dry cow and lactation therapy, genetic selection, herbs, and nanoparticle technology-based therapy have been evaluated for their efficacy in the treatment of mastitis. Even though several strategies have been developed over the years for the purpose of managing both clinical and subclinical forms of mastitis, all of them lacked the efficacy to eliminate the associated etiological agent when used as a monotherapy. Further, research has to be directed towards the development of new therapeutic agents/techniques that can both replace conventional techniques and also solve the problem of emerging antibiotic resistance. The objective of the present review is to describe the etiological agents, pathogenesis, and diagnosis in brief along with an extensive discussion on the advances in the treatment and management of mastitis, which would help safeguard the health of dairy animals. 相似文献
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瘤胃厌氧真菌这一特殊的菌群除在瘤胃中发挥重要作用外,其分泌的高活性纤维素酶的应用价值也备受关注,因传统培养的局限性,因此,利用分子生物技术开展的研究逐渐深入。作者主要从瘤胃厌氧真菌的特点和多样性出发,厌氧真菌对结构性碳水化合物、淀粉和蛋白质的降解及在瘤胃生态环境中的作用进行了分析,并对研究瘤胃厌氧真菌的分子生物学方法如内转录间隔区(ITS)、变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)、限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)、实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR,RT-PCR)和宏基因组学(metagenomics)等进行了阐述,以期为瘤胃厌氧真菌的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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传统的手术去势技术正受到动物福利和规模化标准化畜牧生产需求的挑战,作为手术去势的优势替代方法,免疫去势能够很好地阻滞睾丸发育,控制性行为,避免手术带来的痛苦。免疫去势是采用免疫学方法破坏下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的激素平衡,通过降低促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）、黄体生成素（LH）和卵泡刺激素（FSH）的水平,进而使性腺激素水平降低,最终抑制性腺功能,达到去势的目的。免疫去势分为激素免疫去势和基因免疫去势,其靶标经历了下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴自下而上的筛选,依次为睾酮、LH、FSH、GnRH、吻素-1（KISS-1）,其中位于下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴上游的GnRH激素、GnRH和KISS-1基因3种靶标去势效果较好。免疫去势效果及机制的相关研究表明,免疫去势具有改善生产性能、安全和可逆的特点,但其可逆性机制还不清楚。去势导致肾上腺发挥代偿作用,但目前免疫去势的肾上腺代偿研究鲜见报道。文章首先介绍了几种靶标的免疫去势机制,其次对免疫去势的特点和应用进行了讨论,旨在为推动免疫去势技术在动物生产繁殖领域的应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一，通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身，也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂，目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究，揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系，引入了"瘙痒-抓挠"循环的概念，且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素，任一环节的问题都可开启"瘙痒-抓挠"的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂，参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类，将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类，引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等，其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样，需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集，按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复，目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足，中药方剂成分复杂，有效成分多，可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒，在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究进展进行综述，以期为小动物临床瘙痒相关疾病的诊治提供参考依据。 相似文献
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本试验通过研究伊犁夏牧场不同年龄、不同性别绵羊羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒5种微量元素的含量及变化规律,为夏季放牧绵羊科学补饲微量元素提供依据。选择在新疆伊犁夏牧场卡拉卓恩(南坡)和唐布拉草地(北坡)1 400~2 999 m垂直带放牧的中国美利奴羊(新疆型)羊毛和血液样品,测定其铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量,并评估其微量元素的营养生态环境。结果表明,放牧绵羊羊毛铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为520.70、3.89、30.16、102.64 mg/kg和41.18 μg/kg,其中铜和硒分别低于正常值48.3%和79.7%,而铁高于正常值603.4%;血液中铁、铜、锰、锌和硒含量分别为357.05、4.18、0.25、3.08 mg/L和45.23 μg/L,其中铜、硒分别低于正常值29.9%和73.9%,而铁高于正常值95.5%。羊毛与血液中铁、铜、锰、锌、硒含量均随年龄而增加。不同性别绵羊间血液中锌、硒含量差异明显。 相似文献
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JIA Ji-ping XIONG Yue SONG Hui-min LI Fang LI Zheng-xiong CHEN Xiao-lan 《中国畜牧兽医》2017,44(4):1233-1238
In order to establish and perfect the quality standard of Sihuangzhili granules, this experiment was conducted to identify coptidis rhizome, cortex phellodendri, rhubarb, scutellaria baicalensis, and radix isatidis in Sihuangzhili granules. We used TLC identification method to investigate the factors such as the developing agent, the expansion temperature, the expansion of the humidity, the source of the thin layer, the batch number and the color developing conditions.In the experiment, the mixture of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol, methanol, water, and triethylamine (3∶3.5∶1∶1.5∶0.5∶1) as the developing agent, was put into the expansion cylinder with the pre-saturated ammonia vapor, and was used to identify coptidis rhizome and cortex phellodendri under the UV lamp(365 nm);The mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, formic acid and water (5∶3∶1∶1) as developing agent, sprayed with 2% ethanol solution of ferric chloride, was used to identify scutellaria baicalensis;At last, n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (19∶5∶5) as developing agent, dried and sprayed with indene ketone solution, heated at 105 ℃, was used to identify radix isatidis. The test results showed that under the test condition, the target spot was clear, with no tail, and the experiments were specifically suited in this test with strong specificity and good reproducibility. 相似文献