共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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Khaitovich P Hellmann I Enard W Nowick K Leinweber M Franz H Weiss G Lachmann M Pääbo S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5742):1850-1854
The determination of the chimpanzee genome sequence provides a means to study both structural and functional aspects of the evolution of the human genome. Here we compare humans and chimpanzees with respect to differences in expression levels and protein-coding sequences for genes active in brain, heart, liver, kidney, and testis. We find that the patterns of differences in gene expression and gene sequences are markedly similar. In particular, there is a gradation of selective constraints among the tissues so that the brain shows the least differences between the species whereas liver shows the most. Furthermore, expression levels as well as amino acid sequences of genes active in more tissues have diverged less between the species than have genes active in fewer tissues. In general, these patterns are consistent with a model of neutral evolution with negative selection. However, for X-chromosomal genes expressed in testis, patterns suggestive of positive selection on sequence changes as well as expression changes are seen. Furthermore, although genes expressed in the brain have changed less than have genes expressed in other tissues, in agreement with previous work we find that genes active in brain have accumulated more changes on the human than on the chimpanzee lineage. 相似文献
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【目的】确定匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)接种立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)后基因种类和表达量在转录水平的变化规律,明确草坪草病原菌侵染响应的关键基因。【方法】匍匐翦股颖生长14 d后采用麦粒培养物接种立枯丝核菌,接种3 d后选取感病叶片和未接种叶片提取RNA,进行转录组高通量测序,然后利用生物信息学分析,用Trinity组装匍匐翦股颖转录组,以组装子为参考,以|log2(fold change)|1,q-value0.005为阈值选取感病和健康匍匐翦股颖叶片转录组的差异表达基因,并用i TAK软件分析其转录因子家族及表达变化,与植物R基因库进行blast分析R蛋白分类、利用Mapman软件分析生物胁迫信号通路相关基因的表达变化。【结果】高通量测序得到125 253 092条高质量待分析reads。经Trinity从头组装后,得到466 761条转录本。过半数的转录本长度为700 bp以上,组装结果 N50=1 100 bp。使用CD-HIT选择334 212条转录本(所有转录本的71.60%)作为Unigene,平均长度573 bp,N50=791 bp。接种后植物比接种前植物基因有7 937个上调表达,1 570个下调表达。上调基因中296个,下调基因有142个都可被定义为转录因子,分布在58个转录因子家族中,其中锌指蛋白包含转录因子C2H2最多,有54个,C3H次之,为22个。差异基因中451个可定义为植物R蛋白表达基因,可分为33类,其中包含NBS-LRR结构域的抗病蛋白、LRR受体蛋白激酶、ABC-2类型的转运蛋白、U-box结构域蛋白激酶和热激蛋白这5类基因变化最显著。差异基因中大量上调表达基因可富集在病原识别、活性氧消除、信号传导、细胞凋亡、病程相关蛋白等生物胁迫相关基因类别,下调基因显著富集在植物生长发育相关类别和通路。q RT-PCR验证了随机挑选差异基因的表达量变化,均与RNA-seq分析结果一致,其中包括12个C2H2转录因子基因,10个C3H转录因子基因,以及12个R蛋白基因。【结论】病原菌侵染后,引起匍匐翦股颖大量基因表达变化,其中转录因子、R蛋白以及抗性相关基因多为上调表达,作用为抑制病原菌扩散,而生长发育相关基因表达下调,这些进程共同使匍匐翦股颖产生对立枯丝核菌的先天基础抗性。 相似文献
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Drought is one of the most important environmental constraints limiting plant growth, development and crop yield. Many drought-inducible genes have been identified by molecular and genomic analyses in ... 相似文献
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Region-specific expression of two mouse homeo box genes 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
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南方型紫花苜蓿叶片盐胁迫应答转录因子鉴定与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以南方型紫花苜蓿‘Millennium’为材料,以正常培养（WT_CK2）和250 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下72 h时（WT_N2）条件下的2个样品叶片进行转录组分析,鉴定紫花苜蓿叶片盐胁迫应答转录因子基因。同时随机挑选4个转录因子差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量qRT PCR验证RNA Seq结果的可靠性。紫花苜蓿叶片在250 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下72 h时,检测到表达量差异达到2倍以上的基因共7 497个,其中包括隶属于46个转录家族474个转录因子在盐胁迫下的差异表达,上调242个,下调232个。bHLH,NAC,WRKY和C2H2转录家族成员基因70%以上表达上调。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明4个随机选择的基因在胁迫前后的表达特点与表达谱测序结果一致。此外,还发现大量紫花苜蓿盐胁迫应答的转录因子候选基因如MsERF110,MsERF071,MsbHLH36,MsZFP,MsHSFB 3,MsMYB,MsNAC和MsWRKY等。同时,也揭示了紫花苜蓿叶片对盐胁迫响应可能是多种转录因子家族共同参与的应答过程。 相似文献
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转录因子可以调节众多下游基因的表达,在植物抗逆境中起重要的调节作用。为了解析转录因子在南方型紫花苜蓿适应盐胁迫环境的分子机制,以南方型紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa Millennium为材料,以正常培养（WT_ck1）和氯化钠（盐）胁迫（WT_N1）条件下的2个样品根系进行转录组分析,鉴定紫花苜蓿根系盐胁迫应答转录因子基因。同时,随机挑选4个转录因子差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量qRT-PCR（3次重复）,验证转录组测序技术（RNA-Seq）结果的可靠性。结果表明:紫花苜蓿根系在250 mmolL－1氯化钠 胁迫下72 h,共检测到31 907个基因表达量发生了改变,表达量差异达到2倍以上的基因共2 758 个。其中,隶属于38个转录因子家族199个转录因子在盐胁迫下差异表达,上调表达104个,下调表达95个。在各转录因子家族中,盐胁迫应答基因数量最多的是MYB基因家族,其后分别是AP2-EREBP,bHLH,WRKY,NAC和GRAS基因家族,这暗示了紫花苜蓿根系对盐胁迫响应可能是多种转录因子家族共同参与的应答过程。 qRT-PCR分析表明:4个随机选择的基因在胁迫前后的表达特点与表达谱测序结果一致。此外,MsERF-2b,MsbHLH,MsbZIP,MsGRAS,MsNAC,MsMGT-3a和MsWRKY等转录因子被选为与盐胁迫应答相关的候选转录因子。该研究结果为阐明植物对盐胁迫的应答机制提供了新的线索。图3表3参36 相似文献
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Genes and social behavior 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
What genes and regulatory sequences contribute to the organization and functioning of neural circuits and molecular pathways in the brain that support social behavior? How does social experience interact with information in the genome to modulate brain activity? Here, we address these questions by highlighting progress that has been made in identifying and understanding two key "vectors of influence" that link genes, the brain, and social behavior: (i) Social information alters gene expression in the brain to influence behavior, and (ii) genetic variation influences brain function and social behavior. We also discuss how evolutionary changes in genomic elements influence social behavior and outline prospects for a systems biology of social behavior. 相似文献
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转录组学分析意大利蜜蜂脑部哺育行为相关基因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】意大利蜜蜂（Apis mellifera ligustica）哺育行为在维护蜂群稳定和生产蜂王浆方面发挥重要作用。本研究通过人工组建蜂群获得相同日龄的哺育蜂和采集蜂,筛选出排除日龄因素干扰后哺育蜂脑部与哺育行为密切相关的差异表达基因,揭示哺育蜂脑部调控哺育行为的分子网络。【方法】通过人工组建蜂群的方法获得3日龄工蜂、10日龄哺育蜂和采集蜂、21日龄哺育蜂和采集蜂,解剖各组工蜂头部获得脑组织样本,应用RNA-seq技术对5组脑部样本（3日龄工蜂、10日龄哺育蜂、10日龄采集蜂、21日龄哺育蜂、21日龄采集蜂）中基因表达量进行转录组测序的全面分析,筛选出哺育蜂脑部哺育行为密切相关的差异表达基因,并对这些差异表达基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析。同时利用实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）对随机选取的4个差异表达基因的表达模式进行验证。【结果】RNA-seq分析筛选得到32个与哺育蜂哺育行为密切相关的差异表达基因,这些基因在10日龄哺育蜂脑中表达量均显著高于3日龄工蜂、10日龄采集蜂、21日龄采集蜂,且在21日龄哺育蜂脑中的表达量也显著高于21日龄采集蜂。GO富集分析发现上调差异表达基因主要参与氧化还原酶活性、气味结合、跨膜运输等功能。KEGG富集结果显示,上调的差异表达基因主要参与蛋白质代谢（核糖体）、能量代谢（氧化磷酸化、碳代谢、三羧酸循环、淀粉和蔗糖代谢、氮代谢、其他聚糖降解通路）、信号转导（Toll和Imd信号通路、光传导、鞘脂代谢）、消化作用（溶酶体）,其中显著性富集在鞘脂代谢和其他聚糖降解通路。qPCR结果显示3个上调差异表达基因（LOC409709、LOC551813、LOC409708）和1个下调差异表达基因（LOC551165）表达模式的检测结果与测序数据一致。【结论】通过对3日龄工蜂、10日龄哺育蜂、10日龄采集蜂、21日龄哺育蜂、21日龄采集蜂5组样本脑部进行全面分析,获得相同日龄哺育蜂和采集蜂脑部基因的转录组图谱,分析得到了脑部哺育行为相关的32个上调差异表达基因。哺育蜂脑部的差异表达基因主要通过信号转导和能量代谢等途径调控哺育蜂的哺育行为。 相似文献
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Yu-jin TANG Qian WANG Jing-yi XUE Yan LI Rui-min LI Steve Van Nocker Yue-jin WANG Chao-hong ZHANG 《农业科学学报》2018,17(6):1348-1359
White-brown complex (WBC) transporters, also called half-size ATP binding cassette G (ABCG) transporters, are involved in many biological processes, including seed development; however, the WBC transporters in grapevines received less attention to date. To reveal the molecular characteristics of WBCs and the connection between WBCs and agronomic traits of stenospermocarpic (seedless) grapevine, we carried out a genomic census and analysis of ovule-associated expression for VvWBC genes in grapevine. We identified 30 VvWBC genes and cloned full-length complementary DNAs (cDNAs) for 20 of these. The tissue or organ-specific expression analysis showed that several VvWBCs exhibited distinct expression patterns with some showing tissue specificity. Twelve VvWBC genes were found to be expressed in the developing ovules. Moreover, the results of quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) suggested that four of twelve ovule-expressed VvWBCs have distinct expression profiles during the development of ovules between seeded and stenospermocarpic grapevines. These four genes might be involved in ovule abortion. Meanwhile, chromosome mapping, multiple sequence alignments, exon/intron structure analyses and synteny analyses were preformed on VvWBC genes. Our experiments provide a new perspective on the mechanism of stenospermocarpic seedlessness and put forward a framework for further study of WBC transporters. 相似文献
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植物WRKY转录因子及其生物学功能研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
WRKY转录因子是一个大的植物转录因子家族。该转录因子家族最显著的特征是家族各成员至少包含一个WRKY结构域,该结构域的N-端有一个高度保守的WRKYGQK基序,C-端为一个锌指类似结构域(zinc-finger-like motif),一般组成为C-X_(4-5)-C-X_(22-23)-H-X-H。WRKY转录因子通过WRKY结构域与下游目标基因启动子区的W-box进行特异性结合从而调控目标基因的表达。研究表明,WRKY蛋白除了广泛参与植物种子萌发与休眠、叶片衰老、代谢、激素信号转导外,还参与生物和非生物胁迫等生理生化反应过程的调控等新功能。综述了国内外有关WRKY转录因子的研究进展,讨论了其在植物生长发育以及应对生物和非生物胁迫过程中发挥的调控功能,以期为全面研究WRKY转录因子家族的结构和功能提供新的观点。 相似文献
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To begin to understand the genetic architecture of natural variation in gene expression, we carried out genetic linkage analysis of genomewide expression patterns in a cross between a laboratory strain and a wild strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Over 1500 genes were differentially expressed between the parent strains. Expression levels of 570 genes were linked to one or more different loci, with most expression levels showing complex inheritance patterns. The loci detected by linkage fell largely into two categories: cis-acting modulators of single genes and trans-acting modulators of many genes. We found eight such trans-acting loci, each affecting the expression of a group of 7 to 94 genes of related function. 相似文献
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